Section b. Focus on patterns

Task 5. Match the sentences below with the patterns they are built on.

S + V + to-infinitive	S + V + object + to-infinitive	S + V + (object) + to-infinitive S + V + (object) + to-infinitive	S + V + object + bare infinitive	S + V + prepositional object + to-infinitive

1. He encouraged her to go to university.

2. They applied for the hearing to be postponed.

3. He threatened to report their behaviour to the principal.

4. Only members of the company are entitled to use the facilities.

5. Inspector Pascoe asked for the prisoners to be held in the cells overnight.

6. She noticed him run away from the house.

7. Rachel believes the results to be unscientific.

8. He expects to arrive there by 6.

9. He expects them to arrive by 6.

10. We waited for the taxi to come before saying goodbye.

Task 6. Match the two parts of each sentence. Translate the sentences into Russian.

He VOLUNTEERED He OFFERED He CHOSE I’m sorry, I didn't MEAN I MEANT This is my job and I INTEND The minister DECLINED I REFUSED The horse REFUSED Don't worry if you have ARRANGED with someone else He politely PRETENDED Don't HESITATE He EXPECTS How he MANAGED He never FAILED The play DESERVES You CAN'T AFFORD Shopping lists on old envelopes TEND I TEND She IS LEARNING

not to go home until late. to be a dancer. to write to his mother every week. to be careless in this job. to be home after lunch. to be read. to be rude. to contact us. to do it myself. to find us is beyond me. not to have heard the last remark. to get lost. to jump over the fence. to make a statement to the press. to pick her up in his car. to ring you, but I am afraid I forgot. to stay longer. to do whatever he could for them. to wake up early in the morning. to go out tonight.

Task 7. Answer the questions.

1. What can't poor people AFFORD to do?

2. If someone works hard, what do they DESERVE?

3. Where do you РLАN to go on holiday?

4. What do you AIM to do?

5. What do you often MEAN but FORGET to do?

6. What do blood donors VOLUNTEER to do?

7. When it’s very hot, what do people LONG to do?

8. What should you PAUSE to do before you act?

9. What do cautious people DECLINE to do?

10. What do stubborn people REFUSE to do?

11. What do absent-minded people TEND to do?

12. When you enter for a competition, what do you HOPE to do?

13. Who do children PRETEND to be when they play games?

14. If you and your friends have nowhere to stay, what can you OFFER to do?

15. When we are unsure what do we HESITATE to do?

16. When people get married, what do they PROMISE to do?

17. If you've got a toothache, where must you ARRANGE to go?

18. If you don't read up for an exam, what will you FAIL to do?

19. What have you DECIDED to take up after your studies?

Task 8. Translate into English.

1. Мы ДОГОВОРИЛИСЬ ВЫЕХАТЬ рано.

2. Она РЕШИЛА ПОМОЧЬ им.

3. Она ОЧЕНЬ ХОЧЕТ /жаждет/ ВЕРНУТЬСЯ в родной город.

4. НЕ СОМНЕВАЙСЯ, ИДИ.

5. Он не мог пойти, поэтому она ВЫЗВАЛАСЬ ПОЙТИ вместо него.

6. Я не могу ПОЗВОЛИТЬ СЕБЕ КУПИТЬ такие дорогие туфли. Придется обойтись более дешевыми.

7. Жаннет ВСЕГДА СЕРДИТСЯ /имеет тенденцию/ привычку сердиться/, когда с ней говорят на эту тему.

8. Он безусловно ЗАСЛУЖИВАЕТ, чтобы его ПОСАДИЛИ в тюрьму.

9. Я ДОГОВОРИЛСЯ ВСТРЕТИТЬ её в аэропорту.

10. Что ты НАМЕРЕН ДЕЛАТЬ сегодня вечером?

11. Я не мог вспомнить ни слова из того, что СОБИРАЛСЯ (хотел/наме­ревался) СКАЗАТЬ.

12. Я не РАССЧИТЫВАЮ ПРОБЫТЬ в Англии долго.

13. Мы ПЛАНИРУЕМ ПОСЕТИТЬ Россию нынешним летом.

14. Вам УДАЛОСЬ ПЕРЕКУСИТЬ перед тем, как вы ушли?

15. Они СДЕЛАЛИ ВИД, что не видели нас.

16. Он ОТКАЗАЛСЯ ОБСУЖДАТЬ свои планы с газетчиками.

17. Она ОТКАЗАЛАСЬ ВЫЙТИ за него замуж.

18. Он ПРЕДЛОЖИЛ подвезти ее на работу.

Task 9. Make one sentence out of each two, using “HAPPEN + to-infinitive”.

Model: You were waiting at a bus stop. Your friend drove past. → 1 happened to be waiting at a bus stop when my friend drove past.

1. I was there. The accident took place.

2. I was watching television when the fire started.

3. He was sitting in a cafe. A friend walked in.

4. We were talking about her. She came into the room

5. An old man was walking past a hospital. He had a heart attack

6. She was pressed for time. They asked to help them.

7. The ear phones were out of order. I decided to listen to the test materials.

Task 10. Match the verbs on the left with their definitions. What basic meaning do all the verbs express?

A.

FORCE GET OBLIGE TEMPT BRIBE INDUCE PROVOKE

+ someone + TO DO sth

influence the behaviour or judgment of sb (in a position of power or trust) unfairly or illegally by offering them favours or gifts cause sb to do sth make an unwilling person or animal do sth (fml) lead sb to do sth , often by persuading make a person or animal angry or bad-tempered, esp. by continually annoying them persuade or attract sb to do sth that seems pleasant or advantageous but may be unwise or immoral; make sb want to do sth make it necessary for sb to do sth

B.

PERSUADE ENCOURAGE INVITE URGE CHALLENGE DARE

+ someone + TO DO sth

make sb feel brave enough or confident enough to do sth, esp. by giving active approval invite sb to compete against one in a fight, match… 1) ask sb to come esp. to a social occasion, 2) ask for or request, esp. politely or formally, 3) (seem to) encourage (sth bad) try to persuade sb to do sth dangerous as a way of proving their bravery make sb willing to do sth by reasoning, arguing, asking repeatedly try very hard to persuade sb

Task 11. Use the verbs from Task 10 to fill in the gaps. Some verbs should be used more than once. Then translate the sentences into Russian.

A.

1. I __________ him to help me when I moved the furniture.

2. They tried to __________ the judge to acquit them.

3. Can I __________ you to have another drink?

4. Nothing could __________ her to be disloyal to him.

5. The child was __________ with a piece of cake to go to bed quietly.

6. His arguments __________ them to admit he was right.

7. I can’t __________ the car to start.

8. Her refusal to answer __________ me to shout at her.

9. Falling profits __________ them to close the factory.

10. Waving a red cap, he __________ the animal to charge.

11. The fine weather __________ us to go outside.

12. The heavy rain __________ us to stay at home.

B.

13. Try to __________ him to come with us.

14. He __________ me to apply for the job.

15. Some shops __________ people to steal by making it too easy to take things.

16. He was still trying to __________ Polly to change her mind.

17. They __________ us to give our support.

18. The television interviewer __________ the minister to comment on the recent events.

19. They __________ us to stay for the weekend.

20. They __________ me to spend the night in the graveyard.

21. Her success __________ me to try the same thing.

22. I __________ him to race me across the lake.

Task 12. Match the verbs on the left with their definitions. What basic meaning do all the verbs express?

ALLOW PERMIT ENTITLE ENABLE AUTHORISE FORBID

+ someone + TO DO sth

give sb an opportunity to do sth allow sb to do sth (formal) order that sth must not be done (sb in a position of authority) to give official permission for sth to happen give sb the right to do or have sth a) give sb permission to do sth; b) create the opportunity for sth to happen

Task 13. Use the verbs from Task 12 to fill in the gaps. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. I ______________ you to come home so late again.

2. _________ the apples to ripen at room temperature.

3. The eagle’s long wings ______________ it to glide for long distances.

4. In theory, bad behaviour at a Christmas office party ______________ an employer to fire someone.

5. The youth opportunities programme is designed to ______________ young people to find work.

6. Their educational qualifications ______________ them to get a higher salary.

7. Only Congress can ______________ the President to declare war.

8. The law ______________ foreign investors to own up to 25% of British companies.

9. The US government has refused to ______________ the refugees to enter the country

10. [form] By signing above I ______________ Citibank (South Dakota), N.A. to transfer balances as indicated above to my Citibank Visa card account

Task 14. Answer the questions.

1. What should teachers ENCOURAGE students to do?

2. What must students FORCE themselves to do before exams?

3. What does good weather TEMPT people to do?

4. If you were overweight, what would the doctor RECOMMEND you to do?

5. If a person is ho­nest, what can you TRUST them to do?

6. If a person was rude to you, what would this PROVOKE you to do?

7. What do the traffic rules FOR­BID you to do?

8. What did your mother WARN you not to do? What did she INSTRUCT you to do?

9. What does a sea­son ticket ENTITLE you to do?

10. What does a good dictionary ENABLE you to do?

Task 15. Translate into English. Build the sentences on the pattern Subject + Verb + Object + to-infinitive.

1. Прохладная вода озера ПРИГЛАШАЛА НАС ПОПЛАВАТЬ.

2. Жаркая погода СОБЛАЗНИЛА НАС ПОЙТИ купаться.

3. Ваш дар ПОЗВОЛИТ МНЕ КУПИТЬ машину

4. Этот билет ДАСТ ВАМ ПРАВО ПРОЙТИ на стадион, но не занять место.

5. Вы должны НАУЧИТЬ РЕБЕНКА ПЛАВАТЬ.

6. Они ПОБУЖДАЮТ ДЕТИШЕК ПИСАТЬ красками.

7. Я ПРЕДЛОЖИЛ ЕМУ СРАЗИТЬСЯ в шашки.

8. Она НИКОМУ НЕ ДОВЕРЯЕТ УХАЖИВАТЬ за ребенком.

9. Она не РАССЧИТЫВАЕТ, что ВЫ ПОЛЕТИТЕ самолетом.

10. Попытайся УГОВОРИТЬ ЕГО, чтобы он ПОЗВОЛИЛ нам ПОЕХАТЬ с ним.

11. Он ДАЛ ЧИНОВНИКУ ВЗЯТКУ, ЧТОБЫ ОН ОТДАЛ ему документы.

12. Они СПРОВОЦИРОВАЛИ ЕГО ОТВЕТИТЬ грубо.

13. Правила клуба ЗАПРЕЩАЮТ ЕГО ЧЛЕНАМ КУРИТЬ в зоне для зрителей.

14. Я ДОГОВОРИЛСЯ, что ОН поможет мне передвинуть мебель.

Task 16. REPORTING VERBS. Report the following using an appropriate introductory verb from the lists below. Which of the verbs do not take an object before the infinitive?

A) AGREE, INVITE, ASK, BEG, REMIND, PROMISE, WARN, OFFER,

1. ‘I’ll never forget your birthday again.’ → e.g. He promised never to forget my birthday again.

2. ‘We’ll pick up the children, if you like.’

3. ‘Yes, I’ll help you.’

4. ‘Can you pass me the salt, please?’

5. ‘Could I speak to Ms Jones?’

6. ‘Don’t forget to tell Ann!’

7. ‘Please go.’

8. ‘Please let me go.’

9. ‘I will buy you a present.’

10. ‘You must spend Christmas with us.’

11. ‘Shall I help you?’

12. ‘Don’t go near the fire!’

B) FORBIDE, INSTRUCT, REFUSE, DEMAND, THREATEN, ADVISE

13. ‘Give me a statement or I’ll detain you.’

14. ‘Could someone bring the culprit to my office?’

15. ‘Don’t you ever discuss my problems behind my back again!’

16. ‘Why don’t you go to see a doctor?’

17. ‘No, I won’t get out of bed.’

18. ‘If you do that again, I’ll call the police!’

19. ‘You mustn’t be back later than 10.’

20. ‘Mix the eggs with the flour.’

21. ‘Don’t leave your room again.’

C) ENCOURAGE, ALLOW, PERMIT, ORDER, COMMAND, CLAIM

22. ‘Everybody be quiet!’

23. ‘Go ahead, say what you think.’

24. ‘I saw the murderer.’

25. ‘You can use my phone.’

26. ‘You may speak to the judge.’

27. ‘Move to your right.’

28. ‘Come on – you can do the Swimathon with us. You’re just as good as we are.’

Task 17. Translate into English.

1. Я ДАЛ ему ИНСТРУКЦИЮ ПРИХОДИТЬ на paбoту к 7.30.

2. НАПОМНИ МНЕ /что я должен/ написать маме.

3. Он ПОТРЕБОВАЛ, ЧТОБЫ ЕМУ СКАЗАЛИ правду.

4. Он ПРЕДЛОЖИЛ МНЕ ДОВЕЗТИ меня до дома.

5. Он ПРЕДУПРЕДИЛ, ЧТОБЫ Я НЕ ТРОГАЛ провод.

6. Он НАПОМНИЛ МНЕ, ЧТОБЫ Я ВЫКЛЮЧИЛ свет.

7. Он ПООБЕЩАЛ МНЕ ЗАПЛАТИТЬ в пятницу.

8. Он ОТКАЗАЛСЯ РАССКАЗАТЬ мне ее тайну.

9. Он ПРИГЛАСИЛ МЕНЯ где-нибудь ПОУЖИНАТЬ.

10. Он УМОЛЯЛ, ЧТОБЫ Я НЕ БИЛ собаку.

11. Он ПРИГРОЗИЛ РЕБЕНКУ, ЧТО НАКАЖЕТ его, если тот не будет вести себя тихо.

12. Он УТВЕРЖДАЕТ, ЧТО БЫЛ СВИДЕТЕЛЕМ преступления.

13. Его секретарь ПОПРОСИЛА, ЧТОБЫ Я ПРИШЛА через час.

14. Он ПОПРОСИЛ (разрешения) ВЗЯТЬ мою машину.

Task 18.

A. Comment on the difference between the sentences:

I prefer to drive. – I prefer you to drive.

B. Now translate into English using the verbs

LIKE, LOVE, HATE, CAN’T BEAR, WANT, WISH, PREFER, NEED.

1. Нам необходимо закончить работу над докладом к пятнице.

2. Нам необходимо, чтобы вы закончили работу над докладом к пятнице.

3. Я люблю, когда люди говорят правду.

4. Она хочет, чтобы я пошел с ней.

5. Я хочу пойти с ней.

6. Я ненавижу, когда все меняют, пока меня нет.

7. Не люблю извиняться.

8. Я бы предпочел, чтобы он промолчал.

9. Ему нужна жена, которая бы ухаживала за ним.

10. Не выношу, когда ты со мной так разговариваешь!

11. Родители хотели, чтобы он стал врачом.

12. Он пожелал мне скорейшего выздоровления.

13. Я бы хотел(а), чтобы сейчас было лето.

Task 19. Match the two halves of the sentences. More than one correct variant is possible.

He hesitated Can you advise me Does anyone remember It’s up to him to decide I stood wondering You never know We couldn’t imagine At the moment I didn’t understand Can you tell me Who will teach me Will you show our guest Will you remind me Let’s ask somebody

where to change. whom to address. how to fill in the form. which way to choose. what to buy. how long to stay. what book to refer to. whether to accept the offer or not. what to say to such people. how to do it. where to get off. what time to return. what tape to choose.

Task 20. Answer the following questions using the verbs LET and MAKE.

1. What did your parents make you do when you were a child?

2. What didn't your parents let you do when you were a child?

3. What will you let your children do?

4. What will you make children do if you become a teacher?

5. What do onions make you do?

6. What do cigarettes make peo­ple do?

7. What does the thought of work make you feel?

8. Why do short people wear high heels?

9. Why do women wear make-up?

Task 21. Answer the following questions using the verb KNOW in the meaning of “to experience”. Model:

- Can I trust him to pay the money back? - I've never known him pay his debts.

1. Is your friend quick to take offence?

2. What if you just hurt your friend’s feelings?

3. Does your friend attend classes regularly?

4. Do you think one can die of love?

5. Would your friend like to go out to the opera house with you?

6. Did you see your friend’s drawings in chalk?

7. Are you sure your friend is all right?

8. Will your friend do as s/he is told?

Task 22.

A. Rephrase the sentences or groups of sentences using VERBS OF SENSE PERCEPTION + an object + bare infinitive. Model:

I looked out of the window. He entered the house. - I saw him enter the house.

1. The announcer called the flight. I'VE HEARD it.

2. The plane took off. We all HAVE SEEN it.

4. Nobody moved or said anything, just WATCHED how she packed her things.

5. If a pin dropped, you WOULD HEAR it.

6. You whispered something to your neighbour. I NOTICED it.

7. We SAW that their disappointment changed to resignation.

8. I FELT how the child's hand tightened in mine.

B. Which of the sentences above can you make passive, as in the model:

I saw him enter the house - He was seen TO enter the house ?

Task 23. Rewrite the sentences on the model and translate into Russian.

People saw the rocket fly up - The rocket was seen TO fly up.

1. We heard the commander give the instructions.

2. They made him do the work all over again.

3. They intend this to be the final meeting.

4. Parents allow their children to play in the open.

5. We expected the delegation to arrive the next day.

6. Everybody knows the Oxford University to be the oldest in Britain

7. Everybody believes him to be a great authority on the subject.

8. People suppose that the guest will appear on TV tonight.

9. People say this medicine is very effective.

Task 24. Translate into Russian.

1. The Ambassador is expected to visit the Senate.

2. The links between cities are expected to grow in the future.

3. The meeting was understood to have taken place at the Chairman's request.

4. The guest is said to have asked for the appointment of the com­mercial attache in Moscow.

5. The committee is expected to fix a date for the conference.

6. The conference at Brighton is reported to have given full support to miners.

Task 25. Translate into Russian.

1. He made believe that he had caught the huge fish himself.

2. She let (it) slip that she’s leaving.

3. Jim borrowed my new bike; I had to make do with my old one.

4. Let go! You’re hurting my arm!

5. I’ve often heard tell of the wonderful parties she gives, but I’ve never been invited.

Task 26. Choose one of the verbs in brackets to complete each sentence.

1 a I .................. Jim to drive a car before the age of 18. b I .................... to drive a car before the age of 18. 2 a We.....................him to go to the party. b We.....................to go to the party. C We.....................him go to the party. 3 a They.....................for the kittens to go to good homes. b They.....................the kittens to go to good homes. 4 a He.....................the children to stay away. b He.....................to stay away. 5 a The police....................for his protectors to give him up. b The police.....................him to give himself up. c The police.....................him give himself up. 6 a She.....................him to visit the exhibition before it ended. b She.....................to visit the exhibition before it ended. 7 a Did you.....................for the bed to be delivered or shall I collect it? b Did you.....................the bed to be delivered or will you collect it yourself? 8 a I.....................my mother to buy a new car. b I.....................to buy a new car. 9 a He …………… to make some coffee. B He …………… her to make some coffee. 10 a She ……………. him to enter the deserted house. B She …………… to enter the deserted house.

(learned/ taught) (let/ allowed/ agreed) (wanted/ arranged) (warned/ threatened) (made/ appealed/ forced) (promised/ told) (need/ arrange) (decided/ persuaded) (offered/ asked) (refused/ prohibited)

Task 27. Proofreading: There is at least one mistake in each sentence. Suggest appropriate corrections.

1 She longed the holidays to come so that she could be with her family again.

2 I overheard say that he's thinking of moving to Manchester.

3 We watched football to play until it started to rain.

5 My parents always encouraged work hard at school.

6 For years the group has been campaigning for an inquiry to hold into the accident.

7 I think we should let them to stay until the weekend.

8 Sam promised me to show me how to fish for salmon, but he never had the time.

9 Hospital workers had to make themselves to do with a 1.5% pay increase this year.

10 I hear her tell that she's got a new job. (= someone told me about it)

11 This card entitles to take an extra person with you free.

13 The Opposition have asked fuel taxes to be reduced.

14 He offered me to make some tea.

SUMMING UP

TASK 28. Now that you have done all the exercises, complete the table below with all the verbs that appear in the exercises. Look up grammar reference books and add more verbs into each category. Within each pattern sort the verbs according to the meaning they express. The semantic categories have been set for you. You may add more semantic categories if you find it necessary.

S + V + to-infinitive	S + V + object + to-infinitive	S + V + (object) + to-infinitive	S + V + object + bare infinitive	S + V + prepositional object + to-infinitive
Reporting and other communication verbs Cognition verbs Verbs of desire Verbs of intention and decision Verbs of modality and causation Verbs of effort Verbs of probability or simple fact	Reporting and other communication verbs Cognition verbs Verbs of desire Verbs of intention and decision Verbs of modality and causation	Reporting and other communication verbs Cognition verbs Verbs of desire Verbs of intention and decision Verbs of modality and causation	Perception verbs Verbs of modality and causation NB! The passive form + TO-infinitive!	Reporting and other communication verbs Verbs of desire Verbs of intention and decision Verbs of modality and causation

VERB + V-ING (GERUND)