- •1.1. Read the text and find the word equivalent to «scientific method». Scientific меthod and меthods of sciense
- •1.2. Remember some of the verbs followed by a preposition which, is retained in the passive structure.
- •1.3. Try to evaluate a method (technique or procedure) using the words given below.
- •1.4. Translate into Russian.
- •1.5. Compose sentences using the parts in a, b, c.
- •1.6. Name a familiar method, technique or procedure of which you would say that it:
- •1.11. Make statements about problems which in your opinion are difficult to solve, to present or to discuss. Use the following phrases.
- •1.12. Name some problems that can be regarded as:
- •2.1. Read the text and say how the author increase the accuracy of his results.
- •2.2. Remember the following combinations and their equivalents.
- •2.3. Translate into Russian the following sentences.
- •2.4. Give all possible word combinations which go with data (results, findings). Use the words listed bеlоw.
- •2.5. Compose sentences using the parts in a, b, c.
- •Our preliminary results All these data
- •2.6. Make the following sentences complete.
- •2.7. Translate into Russian and identify the predicate.
- •2.8. Use the words listed below to evaluate study (investigation, research).
- •2.9. Make up sentences using a-patterns in combination with b-phrases numbered below.
- •2.10. Complete the following sentences.
- •2.11. Nаme some studies (researches, investigations) or a particular study (research) of which you would say:
- •3.1. Read the text and explain when a hypothesis becomes a principle of science.
- •Рurе and applied science
- •3.2. Substitute the proper English words from the list below for the Russian words in brackets.
- •3.3. Remember the words which are most frequently used with theory and hypothesis.
- •3.5. Translate into Russian.
- •3.6. Compose sentences indicating the time a theory (a hypothesis) was advanced. Use the parts in a, в, с.
- •3.7.Complete the following sentences
- •3.8. Name some theories which are no longer used nowadays as incorrect, inadequate or invalid, also show where the theory is wrong or why it is invalid.
- •3.9. Make use of the adjectives given below to characterize work.
- •3.10. Use the parts in а, в, с to compose sentences evaluating the work done.
- •3.11. Translate the following sentences stating the purpose of the work into Russian.
- •3.12. State the subject of:
- •4.1. Read the text and state the objective of mathematics. Mathematization of natural sciences
- •4.2. Remember the words given below which are used to evaluate.
- •Information
- •4.3. Translate into Russian.
- •4.4. Complete the following sentences.
- •4.5. Write a detailed account of all the available information on your problem, mentioning also the information that is still needed.
- •4.6. Make up pairs of words using adjectives given below as attributes to the word "evidence".
- •4.7. Translate the following. Choose all the sentences showing lack of evidence.
- •4.8. Use the parts in а, в, с to compose sentences showing what the evidence obtained, suggests.
- •The evidence obtained from recent studies in this area
- •4.9.Complete the following sentences:
- •4.10. Characterize and give a possible interpretation of:
- •5.1. Read the text and give a Russian equivalent of the title. Scientific attitude
- •5.2. Distinguish between the following structures. Translate into Russian.
- •5.3. Try to evaluate an experiment using the words given below.
- •5.4.Translate the following sentences into Russian.
- •Further experiments of this kind were
- •5.6.Complete the following sentences.
- •5.7.Speak of your resent experiments starting what they have demonstrated, also, the conclusions you have made.
- •5.8. Characterize briefly pioneer experiments in your field of research.
4.4. Complete the following sentences.
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There is enough information in literature about the use of ...
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At present we have reliable information on the influence of...
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We still have little information about the phenomenon of ...
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Until recently we possessed poor information concerning the evolution of ...
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More detailed information is needed to establish the rates of...
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This new information seems sufficient to suggest a participation of ...
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The information the author reported will most likely be used as a basis for…
4.5. Write a detailed account of all the available information on your problem, mentioning also the information that is still needed.
4.6. Make up pairs of words using adjectives given below as attributes to the word "evidence".
Earlier, previous, recent, further; direct, experimental; sufficient; clear, clearcut; good, strong, compelling, convincing, conclusive, definitive, straightforward, unequivocal; comparable; indirect; insufficient; ambiguous; equivocal, unconvincing, undefinitive; incomparable.
4.7. Translate the following. Choose all the sentences showing lack of evidence.
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There is now good evidence which suggests that the system is put of action.
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Until now there is no unequivocal evidence for the existence of antimatter.
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Detailed evidence concerning these effects is still lacking.
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We know that there is still no clearcut evidence as to the full meaning of these events.
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To my knowledge, there is fairly convincing evidence suggesting that the northern and southern parts of the British Isles were once separated by an ocean.
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Until now there is no strong evidence favouring such views.
4.8. Use the parts in а, в, с to compose sentences showing what the evidence obtained, suggests.
A
The evidence provided by electron microscopy
The evidence obtained from recent studies in this area
The evidence thus obtained
The evidence that has come from these experiments
We have recently reported some evidence which
Further evidence is available which
The evidence Dr. Brown has just presented
B
suggests (indicates, shows) that; strongly suggests that; seems to suggest that; seems to suggest; suggesting (showing, indicating); supporting (bearing out, confirming).
С
the existence of some common mechanism underlying these changes; the recent theory; the views earlier expressed by many authors; other factors maу be responsible for such variations; a similarity between the observed phenomena; the processes are interrelated.
4.9.Complete the following sentences:
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These workers reported no evidence that ...
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Detailed evidence in favour of the hypothesis is ...
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Nо further evidence is available in literature as to ...
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We still have no definitive evidence concerning ...
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So far we have no clear evidence of ...
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There is not much evidence to suggest that ...
4.10. Characterize and give a possible interpretation of:
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the evidence that is available in the literature on the problem you are investigating;
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your own evidence obtained, perhaps, with a different technique.
UNIT 5