- •1.1. Read the text and find the word equivalent to «scientific method». Scientific меthod and меthods of sciense
- •1.2. Remember some of the verbs followed by a preposition which, is retained in the passive structure.
- •1.3. Try to evaluate a method (technique or procedure) using the words given below.
- •1.4. Translate into Russian.
- •1.5. Compose sentences using the parts in a, b, c.
- •1.6. Name a familiar method, technique or procedure of which you would say that it:
- •1.11. Make statements about problems which in your opinion are difficult to solve, to present or to discuss. Use the following phrases.
- •1.12. Name some problems that can be regarded as:
- •2.1. Read the text and say how the author increase the accuracy of his results.
- •2.2. Remember the following combinations and their equivalents.
- •2.3. Translate into Russian the following sentences.
- •2.4. Give all possible word combinations which go with data (results, findings). Use the words listed bеlоw.
- •2.5. Compose sentences using the parts in a, b, c.
- •Our preliminary results All these data
- •2.6. Make the following sentences complete.
- •2.7. Translate into Russian and identify the predicate.
- •2.8. Use the words listed below to evaluate study (investigation, research).
- •2.9. Make up sentences using a-patterns in combination with b-phrases numbered below.
- •2.10. Complete the following sentences.
- •2.11. Nаme some studies (researches, investigations) or a particular study (research) of which you would say:
- •3.1. Read the text and explain when a hypothesis becomes a principle of science.
- •Рurе and applied science
- •3.2. Substitute the proper English words from the list below for the Russian words in brackets.
- •3.3. Remember the words which are most frequently used with theory and hypothesis.
- •3.5. Translate into Russian.
- •3.6. Compose sentences indicating the time a theory (a hypothesis) was advanced. Use the parts in a, в, с.
- •3.7.Complete the following sentences
- •3.8. Name some theories which are no longer used nowadays as incorrect, inadequate or invalid, also show where the theory is wrong or why it is invalid.
- •3.9. Make use of the adjectives given below to characterize work.
- •3.10. Use the parts in а, в, с to compose sentences evaluating the work done.
- •3.11. Translate the following sentences stating the purpose of the work into Russian.
- •3.12. State the subject of:
- •4.1. Read the text and state the objective of mathematics. Mathematization of natural sciences
- •4.2. Remember the words given below which are used to evaluate.
- •Information
- •4.3. Translate into Russian.
- •4.4. Complete the following sentences.
- •4.5. Write a detailed account of all the available information on your problem, mentioning also the information that is still needed.
- •4.6. Make up pairs of words using adjectives given below as attributes to the word "evidence".
- •4.7. Translate the following. Choose all the sentences showing lack of evidence.
- •4.8. Use the parts in а, в, с to compose sentences showing what the evidence obtained, suggests.
- •The evidence obtained from recent studies in this area
- •4.9.Complete the following sentences:
- •4.10. Characterize and give a possible interpretation of:
- •5.1. Read the text and give a Russian equivalent of the title. Scientific attitude
- •5.2. Distinguish between the following structures. Translate into Russian.
- •5.3. Try to evaluate an experiment using the words given below.
- •5.4.Translate the following sentences into Russian.
- •Further experiments of this kind were
- •5.6.Complete the following sentences.
- •5.7.Speak of your resent experiments starting what they have demonstrated, also, the conclusions you have made.
- •5.8. Characterize briefly pioneer experiments in your field of research.
3.5. Translate into Russian.
-
His theory proceeds from the notion that the apparent magnitude of the effect is relatively large.
-
The new hypothesis uses the concept that the probability for collapse is roughly the same for each component of the system.
-
This very fruitful working hypothesis postulates that such modifications may persist for much longer periods.
-
They have developed a theory which proves to be true for equilibrium conditions.
-
The validity of the theory has become obvious in the light of recent findings.
3.6. Compose sentences indicating the time a theory (a hypothesis) was advanced. Use the parts in a, в, с.
A
The theory of relativity
The theory of atomic structure
The kinetic theory
The theory of physical adsorption of gases on solid surfaces
There is an alternative theory (hypothesis) which
В
was advanced (put forward, suggested, proposed); was created (constructed, developed, elaborated); was formulated; has been advanced (put forward, suggested, proposed); has been created (constructed, developed, elaborated).
С
many years ago; several decades ago; quite a long (snort) time ago; as long ago as the 1880’s (I890’s, 1920’e, etc.); as far back as the 1920’s (I870’s,etc.) as early as 40 or 50 years ago; is the early 30’s (20’s); in the late I920’s (1880’s, etc); in recent years; in the last few years; only recently; fairly recently.
3.7.Complete the following sentences
-
The basic concept of the theory is ...
-
The basis for the above hypothesis is the idea that ...
-
The new theory is based largely on the principle that ...
-
The framework of the hypothesis is ...
-
The fundamental feature of this very fruitful theory is ...
-
These workers suggested a tentative hypothesis that ...
-
These authors have recently created a theory which is based on an assumption that...
3.8. Name some theories which are no longer used nowadays as incorrect, inadequate or invalid, also show where the theory is wrong or why it is invalid.
3.9. Make use of the adjectives given below to characterize work.
Initial, pioneer, early, preliminary, previous, recent, present, furthers; careful, detailed, thorough, profound; basic, fundamental, comprehensive, extensive, all-embracing; joint, integrated ; intense, intensive; useful, encouraging, promising, stimulating; fruitful, successful.
3.10. Use the parts in а, в, с to compose sentences evaluating the work done.
A
That fundamental work which had taken many years to complete
This work of the last few years
Recent work done by team
Their first attempts initiated in the late 50's.
B
contributed to; added to; provided; facilitated; brought about; has (have) provided; has (have) contributed to; has (have) added to; has (have) facilitated; has (have) brought about; has (have) brought us (a step) nearer to.
C
the solution of the problem; our understanding of these intricate and most intriguing phenomena; a proper Understanding of the nature of elementary particles; the study of nuclear magnetic resonance; an understanding of the basic radiation process; some insight into the nature of the problem that may ultimately require fundamental investigation.