- •1.1. Read the text and find the word equivalent to «scientific method». Scientific меthod and меthods of sciense
- •1.2. Remember some of the verbs followed by a preposition which, is retained in the passive structure.
- •1.3. Try to evaluate a method (technique or procedure) using the words given below.
- •1.4. Translate into Russian.
- •1.5. Compose sentences using the parts in a, b, c.
- •1.6. Name a familiar method, technique or procedure of which you would say that it:
- •1.11. Make statements about problems which in your opinion are difficult to solve, to present or to discuss. Use the following phrases.
- •1.12. Name some problems that can be regarded as:
- •2.1. Read the text and say how the author increase the accuracy of his results.
- •2.2. Remember the following combinations and their equivalents.
- •2.3. Translate into Russian the following sentences.
- •2.4. Give all possible word combinations which go with data (results, findings). Use the words listed bеlоw.
- •2.5. Compose sentences using the parts in a, b, c.
- •Our preliminary results All these data
- •2.6. Make the following sentences complete.
- •2.7. Translate into Russian and identify the predicate.
- •2.8. Use the words listed below to evaluate study (investigation, research).
- •2.9. Make up sentences using a-patterns in combination with b-phrases numbered below.
- •2.10. Complete the following sentences.
- •2.11. Nаme some studies (researches, investigations) or a particular study (research) of which you would say:
- •3.1. Read the text and explain when a hypothesis becomes a principle of science.
- •Рurе and applied science
- •3.2. Substitute the proper English words from the list below for the Russian words in brackets.
- •3.3. Remember the words which are most frequently used with theory and hypothesis.
- •3.5. Translate into Russian.
- •3.6. Compose sentences indicating the time a theory (a hypothesis) was advanced. Use the parts in a, в, с.
- •3.7.Complete the following sentences
- •3.8. Name some theories which are no longer used nowadays as incorrect, inadequate or invalid, also show where the theory is wrong or why it is invalid.
- •3.9. Make use of the adjectives given below to characterize work.
- •3.10. Use the parts in а, в, с to compose sentences evaluating the work done.
- •3.11. Translate the following sentences stating the purpose of the work into Russian.
- •3.12. State the subject of:
- •4.1. Read the text and state the objective of mathematics. Mathematization of natural sciences
- •4.2. Remember the words given below which are used to evaluate.
- •Information
- •4.3. Translate into Russian.
- •4.4. Complete the following sentences.
- •4.5. Write a detailed account of all the available information on your problem, mentioning also the information that is still needed.
- •4.6. Make up pairs of words using adjectives given below as attributes to the word "evidence".
- •4.7. Translate the following. Choose all the sentences showing lack of evidence.
- •4.8. Use the parts in а, в, с to compose sentences showing what the evidence obtained, suggests.
- •The evidence obtained from recent studies in this area
- •4.9.Complete the following sentences:
- •4.10. Characterize and give a possible interpretation of:
- •5.1. Read the text and give a Russian equivalent of the title. Scientific attitude
- •5.2. Distinguish between the following structures. Translate into Russian.
- •5.3. Try to evaluate an experiment using the words given below.
- •5.4.Translate the following sentences into Russian.
- •Further experiments of this kind were
- •5.6.Complete the following sentences.
- •5.7.Speak of your resent experiments starting what they have demonstrated, also, the conclusions you have made.
- •5.8. Characterize briefly pioneer experiments in your field of research.
Министерство образования Российской Федерации
Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования
ВОЛГОГРАДСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ
(ВолгГТУ)
Кафедра иностранных языков
Методические указания по английскому языку по теме:
«НОРМЫ НАУЧНОГО СТИЛЯ РЕЧИ»
для студентов групп ЦИПС
Волгоград, 2004
Методические указания по теме «Нормы научного стиля речи».
Английский язык /Сост. О.В.Леднева. - Волгоград: ВолгГТУ, 1986. – 28 с.
В paботе представлены различные задания, отражающие специфику стиля научной речи. Целью работы является совершенствование умений и навыков, необходимых как для бесед, дискуссий и других форм устного общения, свойственных ученым, так и для чтения и написания статей по специальности.
Печатается по решению редакционно-издательского совета
Волгоградского государственного технического университета
© Волгоградский государственный технический университет, 2004
UNIT 1
1.1. Read the text and find the word equivalent to «scientific method». Scientific меthod and меthods of sciense
It is sometimes said that there is no such thing as the so called «scientific method»; there are only the methods used in science. Nevertheless, it seems clear that there is often a special sequence of procedures which is involved in the establishment of the working principles of science. This sequence is as follows: (1) a problem is recognized, and as much information as possible is collected; (2) a solution (i.e. a hypothesis) is proposed and the consequences arising out of this solution are deduced; (3) these deductions are tested by experiment, and as a result the hypothesis is accepted, modified or discarded.
1.2. Remember some of the verbs followed by a preposition which, is retained in the passive structure.
to account for объяснять /служить объяснением, учитывать
to agree upon договариваться о
to call for требовать, призывать к
to deal with иметь дело с, рассматривать
to refer to ссылаться на, упоминать
to refer to аs называть
to rely on/upon полагаться на
to substitute for вводить, подставлять вместо
to think of думать о
to think of as считать
This method has been referred to in an earlier paper. I do not think this instrument can be relied upon. The data cannot be accounted for by the existing theory. Rapid development of chemical technology has been called for by the needs of the national economy.
1.3. Try to evaluate a method (technique or procedure) using the words given below.
Current, modern, up-to-date, improved, modified, new; old, out-of-date, outdated; conventional, routine.
Accurate, adequate, appropriate, suitable; precise, sensitive; effective, efficient, workable; practicable; satisfactory, good, useful, valuable; reliable; valid; promising.
Inaccurate, inadequate, inappropriate, unsuitable; insensitive, ineffective, inefficient, unworkable, unpracticable; unsatisfactory, poor useless; unreliable, invalid; laborious, time-consuming.
1.4. Translate into Russian.
The method these authors have used seems most efficient in performing studies of this kind. This is, without doubt, the most valid and practicable method of characterizing such units. The authors described a tedious but reliable method of preparation of pure material. The newly -developed method makes it possible to formulate a number of hypothesis, which is, in itself, its most valuable feature. The procedure described above is very laborious and time-consuming. It is therefore no longer applied in our studies of the phenomena.
1.5. Compose sentences using the parts in a, b, c.
A
The method they used
The technique the authors applied
The procedure we followed
The method applied in this study
The technique used in this set of experiment
The newly-developed method
The newly-elaborated technique
B
differs (greatly, essentially) from; is (a little, slightly, somewhat) different from; is quite (totally, altogether) different from; has something (little, much) in common with; has nothing in common with; has some (several, certain) advantages over; has many (few, no) advantages over; has certain limitations as compared with...
C
the routine one; the conventional one; other existing techniques; the one used earlier in similar studies; the one used earlier for the same purpose; the techniques which are now generally accepted; the methods which, now appear inadequate and out-of-date; the procedures which are now rarely applied in laboratory conditions; the techniques which are generally regarded as very inadequate for such purposes; the commonly used techniques some of which are, obviously, inappropriate now days; the current techniques used in such studies; the methods previously used in similar situations; the techniques used by other workers in the field; the one we employed in our recent experiments.