2. Робота над граматичним матеріалом. Revision.

47. Дайте загальну характеристик не особовим формам дієслова.

Оберіть потрібну форму герундія або інфінітива:

1 The teacher decided (accepting / to accept) the paper.

2 His father doesn’t approve of his (going / to go) to Europe.

3 We found it very difficult (reaching / to reach) a decision.

4 Donna is interested in (to open / opening) a bar.

5 George has no intention of (to leave / leaving) the city now.

6 We are eager (to return / returning) to school in the fall.

7 She refused (to accept / accepting) the gift.

8 Mary pretended (to be / being) sick yesterday.

9 Carlos hopes (to finish / finishing) his thesis this year.

10 They agreed (to leave / leaving) early.

11 Herry shouldn’t risk (to drive / driving) so fast.

12 He demands (to know / knowing) what is going on.

13 She is looking forward (to return / to returning) to her country

48. Поясніть правило узгодження часів. Виконайте модуль самостійної роботи за темою.

Convert into indirect speech.1. "I want to sit in the armchair," said the boy. 2. The secretary said to me: "The delegation ar­rived in Kyiv yesterday." 3. "Open the window, please," she said to me. 4. He said: "I shall light a fire and make myself breakfast." 5. "Don't run to the door when you hear the bell," said the woman to her little daughter. 6. She asked me: "How long are you going to stay here?" 7. Mary asked me: "Will you spend your vacation in Moscow?" 8. "Lock the door when you leave the house," said my elder sister to me. 9. "Have you received a telegram from your wife?" she asked Robert. 10. Mabel said: "Nothing will change my decision and I shall leave for Cape Town tonight." 11. "Please don't smoke in the room," said the old woman to her nephew. 12. "I am shivering with cold," said the girl.

3.Робота над текстом за професійним спрямуванням: Завдання до тексту

I. Вставте пропущені букви у словах першого абзацу.

II. Виберіть та вставте слова в другому абзаці.

III. У третьому абзаці оберіть правильну граматичну форму.

IV. Складіть план до тексту.

V. Поставте 10 запитань до тексту.

VI. Напишіть анотацію.

From The Chemistry

05.07. 2003

The Law of Preservation of Weight of Substances

By Stanley K. Brubaker

Let's consider in view of the nuclear-molecular doctrine organic laws of chemistry: preservations of weight of substances, constancies of structure, volumetric attitudes (relations) and law Avogadro.These laws confirm the nuclear-molecular doctrine – a basic of new chemistry. In turn, the nuclear-molecular doctrine has explained organic laws of chemistry.

The law of preservation of weight of substances for the 1) _______ time was formulated in 1748 by M.V.Lomonosov. Later (in 1756) he has 2) ________ proved this law. The modern formulation of the 3) _______is those: the weight of the substances entering 4) _______ reaction is equal to weight of the substances formed as a result of 5) _______. Irrespective of Lomonosov this law was formulated in 1789 by the French 6) _______ Lavoisier. He also has received experimental 7) ________of the law, having studied many reactions of oxidation of metals.

The new chemistry originates from M. Lomonosov's works – opening of the law of preservation of weight of substances, developments and applications in chemistry of the nuclear-molecular doctrine, modern chemistry – from opening the periodic law and periodic system of elements of D. Mendeleyev. The law of preservation of weight of substances can be (explained, explaining) from the point of view of the nuclear-molecular doctrine so: at chemical reactions, atoms do not disappear and cannot arise from (anything, something); the general number of atoms remains to constants before reaction.

ЛІТЕРАТУРА: 1. Барановська Т.В. Граматика англійської мови. Збірник вправ: Навч. посібник. Видання друге, виправлене та доповненею – Мова англ., укр. – Київ: ТОВ “ВП Логос-М», 2007. – 384с.

2. Л.В. Мисик, А.Л. Арцишевська, Л.Р. Кузнєцова, Л.Л. Поплавська. Англійська мова. Комунікативний аспект. / За ред. доц. Мисик Л.В. – Підручник. – К.: Атіка, 2000. – 368с.

Практичне заняття № 3

Тема: Реклама і суспільство.

Read the texts and discuss the text

Advertising has always played in immense role in our society. Without advertising, the average consumer would not be able to be told what to buy. They would have nothing in their home, because no one told them to buy anything. It has become fact that advertising affects our daily lives everyday. "In 1915, a person could go entire weeks without observing an ad. The average adult today sees some three thousand every day" (Twitchell 203). This study is based on the Circuit City advertisement for their newly priced high definition plasma televisions. There are six televisions on the advertisement along with every television playing the new released Star Wars Episode III. Every advertisement should be analyzed with great detail, which is what this study includes. Included is a complete analysis of the prices of the television, the incorporation of the newly released Star Wars film, and the “weasel words” that promote the purchase of the new home entertainment system.

The consumers need to be entertained by television, newspaper, and internet has launched a new type of advertising. Advertisers are beginning to use famous entertainers in their advertisements so that people pay attention to them. Almost every advertisement that is seen today has somebody that the consumer will recognize. Whether it be a movie star, a comedian, athlete, or a reality television star, the advertiser will make sure that a percentage of the viewing audience knows that person. Not only do they attract our attention with the use of somebody famous, they also attract our trust. By seeing this person on television all the time and especially if you like this person, you feel comfortable with the product almost immediately without even knowing what it is or does.

Try to analyse the advantages and disadvantages of the advertisement

The purpose of an ad is to influence you to purchase the product. If you select one brand of product over another brand of product, say a loaf of bread which you need, that's one thing. But, if you go out and purchase a product you don't need because an ad convinced you that you "had to have it", that's excessive consumption, which is wasteful.

Also, ads sometimes position a product as a status symbol - the cool thing to have - and if someone can't afford that product and buys a lesser expensive version (say, sneakers) they might be ridiculed by their peers.

Робота над текстом за професійним спрямуванням: Завдання до тексту

I. Вставте пропущені букви у словах першого абзацу.

II. Виберіть та вставте запропоновані у дужках слова (surface, carbon, body, graphite, water, example, forms) в другому абзаці.

III. В третьому абзаці підкресліть правильну граматичну форму, запропоновану в дужках .

IV. Переказ тексту

Importance of Carbon Chemistry

It is well known that the element carbon plays an important r_le in the life on Earth. If all the carbon and carbon compounds were suddenly rem_ved from the earth it would look like the s_rface of the mo_n? Many of the little every-day things would be qu_te impossible without the element carbon. The importance of carbon chemistry for man is great. Every month s_veral hundred new organic compounds are prepa_ed.

In an ordinary pencil, for_______, the inside of the pencil made from_______, which is an elementary form of carbon, the wood and the paint on the_______ of the pencil are all carbon or ________compounds. If carbon compounds were removed from the human_______, there would be nothing left except_______ and a small residue of minerals and the same is true for all______ of living matter.

There are nearly two (millions, million) different carbon compounds to have been studied and (describes, described) in the chemical literature with (thousand, thousands) of new ones, which are reported every year. Although ( there are, there is) 89 other naturally occurring elements, the number of known carbon compounds is many times greater than that of the known compounds which contain no carbon. The very large and important branch of chemistry, which studies and investigates carbon compounds, (call, is called) organic chemistry. The name "organic" comes from the past when chemical compounds (produced, produce) from ones-living matter were called "organic" and all other compounds were called inorganic.

VІ. Оберіть правильний переклад речень:

1. It is well known that carbon is very important element in the life on Earth.

A Відомо, що вуглець є важливим елементом у житті Землі.

B. Нам добре відомо, що вуглець є дуже важливим елементом у житті на Землі.

C. Добре відомо, що вуглець є дуже важливим елементом у житті на Землі.

2. New carbon compounds are reported every year.

A. Нові вуглецеві сполуки виникають щороку.

B. Нові вуглецеві сполуки обговорюватимуть щороку.

C. Щороку доповідають про нові вуглецеві сполуки.

3. The name "organic" comes from the past.

A. Назва «органічна» походитиме з минулого.

B. Назва «органічна» походила з минулого

C. Назва «органічна» походить з минулого.

4. Fuels, foods and many drugs are made of carbon compounds.

A. Паливо, їжа та більшість ліків зроблені зі сполук вуглецю.

B. Паливо, їжа та більшість ліків виробляють сполуки вуглецю.

C. Паливо, їжа та більшість ліків виготовлені для сполук вуглецю.

5. All of the clothes one wears cannot exist without carbon.

A. Весь одяг, що носять всі, не може існувати без вуглецю.

B. Весь одяг, що коли-небудь носиш, не може існувати з вуглецем.

C. Весь одяг, що носить кожен, не може існувати без вуглецю.

6. Величезна кількість вуглецевих сполук містить вуглець.

A. Much chemical compounds contain carbon.

B. A lot of chemical compounds contain carbon.

C. A few chemical compounds contain carbon.

7. Органічна хімія вивчає і досліджує вуглецеві сполуки.

A. Organic chemistry study and investigate carbon compounds.

B. Organic chemistry is studied and investigated by the carbon compounds.

C. Organic chemistry studies and investigates carbon compounds.

8. Багато щоденних речей були б неможливі без вуглецю.

A. Much of the every-day things would be dispossible without carbon.

B. A few of the every-day things would be mispossible without carbon.

C. Many of the every-day things would be impossible without carbon.

9. Деревина та фарба на поверхні олівця є вуглецевими сполуками.

A. A wood and a paint on the surface of the pencil are carbon compounds.

B. The wood and the paint on the surface of the pencil is carbon compounds.

C. The wood and the paint on the surface of the pencil are carbon compounds.

Робота над граматичним матеріалом. Revision.

1. Що таке пасивний стан дієслова?

2. Як утворюються часові форми пасивного стану в англійській мові?

3. Часові форми якої групи не вживаються у пасивному стані?

Перепишіть речення у пасивному стані:

Model: They grow wheat here. – Wheat is grown here.

1. The girls water the flowers every day.

2. We don’t discuss such questions at our meetings.

3. My sister teaches me English.

4. They will not finish the work tomorrow.

5. Mary has lost her keys.

6. Our music teacher was conducting the orchestra.

7. The travelers made camp not far from the village.

8. His assistant will meet the delegation.

9. The workers are repairing the road.

10. Somebody built this castle in the 16^th century.

Література:

1. Л.В. Мисик, А.Л. Арцишевська, Л.Р. Кузнєцова, Л.Л. Поплавська. Англійська мова. Комунікативний аспект. / За ред. доц. Мисик Л.В. – Підручник. – К.: Атіка, 2000. – 368с

Практичне заняття № 4

Тема: Роль вивчення іноземних мов у формуванні особистості майбутнього фахівця.

The answer should be easy. English is a universal language (global language in case we are not the only creature who can speak.) The world has changed. We can no longer live alone in our country anymore. If you want to learn the world you need to learn English....

With IT, we can open ourselves to the world and the only way we can connect to the world is to the universal language. If you are a business man you would have to learn English to expand your business to oversea. If you are students you would have to learn English for your own bright future or, at least, pass the exam.

If you are an employee you would have to learn English for the benefit of your career.

Even if you are just a street walker you still want to learn English to understand what's going on in the world....

No matter whom you are. Learn English is very important. You can't avoid it and do not avoid it before you getting too far behind.

Індивідуальне читання за фахом: Робота над текстом за професійним спрямуванням. текст “SOLUTION”

Any chemically and physically homogeneous mixture of two more substances is said to be a solution. It is possible to have solution of solids in liquids, liquids in liquids, gases in liquids, solids in solids, etc.

Depending upon the size of the dispersed particles we recognize true solutions, colloidal solutions and suspensions.

If sugar is dissolved in water and the ultimate sugar particle is of molecular dimensions, then a true solution is formed. On the other hand, if very fine sand is mixed with water, consisting of many molecules, then a colloidal solution is formed.

From the pharmaceutical point of view solutions of solids in liquids are of the greatest importance.

The extent of solubility of different substances varies, but it has a constant value at constant temperature.

1. solution — раствор

2. solid — твердое тело

3. liquid — жидкость

4. dimension — размер, величина

5. extent — степень

6. dispersed — рассеянные, распространенные

7. ultimate — элементарный

Ex 1 Translate into English:

рассеянные частицы (взвешенные частицы), растворяться в воде, элементарная частица, молекулярного размера, истинный раствор, коллоидный раствор, взвесь, с другой стороны, с фармацевтической точки зрения, степень растворимости, постоянная температура.

Ex 2 Answer the questions:

1. What is said to be a solution?

2. What solutions is it possible to have?

3. What solutions do we recognize?

4. How is a true solution formed?

5. How is a colloidal solution formed?

6. What can you say about the extent of solubility of different substances?

Робота над текстом за професійним спрямуванням: Poison

Poison is any agent that may produce chemically an injurious or deadly effect when introduced into the body in sufficient quantity. Some poison can be deadly in minute quantities; others only if relatively large amounts are involved. Factors of importance in determining the severity of a poison include the nature of the poison itself, the concentration and amount, the route of administration, the length of exposure, and the age, and physical health of the individual. If poisoning is suspected a physician or poison control center should be called immediately. The remainder of the poison and its container should be saved; the label may list ingredients, first aid measures, or antidotes. For most ingested poison emptying the stomach is the most important treatment; vomiting is best accomplished in the conscious individual by administering syrup of ipecac with large quantities of water. The major exceptions to this treatment are in cases of ingestion of corrosives, such as lye, and certain hydrocarbons, such as kerosene. In corrosive ingestions a small amount of milk may be given, but vomiting should hot be induced since the damage that may have already been sustained by the mucous membranes of the esophagus and stomach may advance to perforation; the patient should be seen by a physician as soon as possible. Hydrocarbons are extremely volatile, and the dangers of their being aspirated into the lungs when vomiting is induced are greater than their toxicity if absorbed into the body. In gas or vapor poisoning the patient should be carried to a nonpolluted atmosphere; artificial respiration should be employed if necessary. If any poison has been absorbed through the skin, all contaminated garments should be removed immediately and the skin washed with soap and water.

Робота над текстом за професійним спрямуванням: текст “D.LMENDELEYEV ”

D. I. Mendeleyev was the fourteenth and the last child of the Director of the Gymnasium at Tobolsk. After finishing school at the age of 16 he was taken by his mother to St. Petersburg and entered the Pedagogical Institute in 1850, took a degree in chemistry in 1856 and in 1859 he was sent abroad for two years for further training. He returned to St. Petersburg in 1861 as Professor of Chemistry and gave a course of lectures on chemistry at St. Petersburg's University. His lectures were always listened to with great interest and attention. Even in class of two hundred students everyone was able to follow his discussions from the beginning to the end. Interesting experiments were made in his classes.

In 1868 Mendeleyev began to write a great text book of chemistry, known in its English translation as the "Principles of Chemistry" Hard work preceded it. Mendeleyev made thousands of experiments and calculation, wrote a lot of letters, and studied many reports. Everything in the world that was known about chemical elements Mendeleyev knew. For months, for years he searched for missing data. All those data were being brought together and grouped in a special way.. When compiling this, he tried to find some system of classifying the elements some sixty in all then known whose properties he was describing. This led him to formulate the Periodic Law: "The properties of elements and, consequently, the properties of the simple and complex bodies formed from them are periodic functions of their atomic weights". The Law earned him lasting international fame. He presented it verbally to the Russian Chemical Society in October 1868 and published it in February 1869. But Mendeleyev was recognized as the author of the Periodic Law only after gallium, scandium and germanium had been discovered in France, Sweden and Germany and after the properties of a number of elements predicted by Mendeleyev had been confirmed.

In this paper he set out clearly his discovery that if the elements are arranged in order of their atomic weights, chemically related elements appear at regular intervals. The greatness of Mendeleyev's achievement lies in the fact that he had discovered a generalization that not only unified an enormous amount of existing information but pointed the way to further progress.

Today the Periodic Law is studied by millions of school children and by students at higher educational establishments of natural sciences and engineering. It is studied by philosophers, historians, teachers and chemists.

The law serves as a basis for thousands of researches. The Periodic Law crossed national boundaries and has become the property of all nations, just like the works of Newton, Lomonosov, Pavlov, Lobachevsky, Einstein and other. In our country the Russian Chemical Society, a number of higher and secondary schools, some industrial plants have been named after Mendeleyev. The Academy of Sciences and the Mendeleyev Society award the Mendeleyev Prize and the Mendeleyev Gold Medal for outstanding research work in chemistry.

1. honorary board — доска славы, почета

2. missing data — недостающие данные, сведения

3. when compiling this — собирая все материалы и факты

4. some sixty in all — всего около шестидесяти

5. verbally — устно.

Робота над текстом за професійним спрямуванням:

Evolution

People have always been curious about the creator of all animals and plants. There have been many divine^3, theories about how people came into being. However, research findings have proved that all animals including human beings have evolved from primitive ancestors. In 1859 Charles Darwin put forward his theory of evolution which claimed that all animals changed and developed during a continuous process. This process is brought about by the species¹¹ gradually adapting¹² to the demands of its environment, through a gradual genetic change.

To understand this complicated process some theoretical back-ground is necessary.

Inside each of our body's cells, there is a complex substance known as DNA. It looks like a very twisted ladder and its full name is deoxyribonucleic acid^.. Sections of DNA are known as genes. They give instructions about when different types of cells should develop, and whereabouts in the body they should be. DNA bears the genetic code which is a tremendously complicated set of instructions to the cells in the body, so that they will know how to develop. As a result of these complex instructions, we develop specialized liver cells, heart cells, hair cells, skin cells, and all other different types of cells which make up a body.

Larger strands of DNA are known as chromosomes. They are arranged in pairs. However, an ovum, a female cell capable of developing into a baby as well as a male cell which should fertilize it have only half of the chromosomes. In this way, when organisms reproduce themselves sexually, — by combining sperm from one parent with ova from another, — the new individual possesses characteristics of both parents.

The new combination of characteristics may be particularly beneficial.

The child may inherit the very best features of its parents and be healthier, stronger and fitter. Sometimes, there are slight mistakes made in the copying. When the special reproductive cells are made, and these can result in the new individual being different in someway. These mistakes are known as genetic mutations and sometimes are very beneficial. When these beneficial changes occur, evolution happens.

Every organism is in competition with other members of its species. So anything which helps this plant or animal to get an edge over the competition will be useful. The individuals with beneficial characteristics are more likely to survive if some natural change happens. This is known as natural selection which is all about the survival of the fittest — and the fittest is the one which is best adapted to its environment. It should be clear now that it is a mistake to think of evolution as a straight-line development leading up to the human being. This is only one of many different branches of evolution

Модуль самостійної роботи:

1. Повторення граматичного матеріалу.

2. Словник-мінімум для користувача комп’ютера.

3. Анотування газетної статті за фахом.

Індивідуальна робота за семестр:

1. Індивідуальне читання за фахом.

2. Словник-мінімум (за професійним спрямуванням).