Examples
|
Nominative |
egl-e |
egl-es |
|
Genitive |
egl-es |
egļ-u |
|
Dative |
egl-ei |
egl-ēm |
|
Accusative |
egl-i |
egl-es |
|
Locative |
egl-ē |
egl-ēs |
|
Vocative |
egl-e |
egl-es |
|
Nominative |
bend-e |
bend-es |
|
Genitive |
bend-es |
benž-u |
|
Dative |
bend-em |
bend-ēm |
|
Accusative |
bend-i |
bend-es |
|
Locative |
bend-ē |
bend-ēs |
|
Vocative |
bend-e |
bend-es |
Sixth declension
To the sixth declension belongs feminine nouns which ends with -s in singular nominative.
For nouns of sixth declension the consonants preceding case ending is to be palatalised in plural genitive:
|
Consonant(s) before ending |
Palatalised to |
|
l |
ļ |
|
n |
ņ |
|
s |
š |
|
t |
š |
|
v |
vj |
|
z |
ž |
|
sn |
šņ |
|
kst |
kš |
The case endings for fifth declension nouns are given in following table ( diminutives has no ending in singular vocative ):
|
|
Nom. |
Gen. |
Dat. |
Acc. |
Instr. |
Loc. |
Voc. |
|
sing. |
-s |
-s |
-ij |
-i |
-i |
-ī |
-s |
|
plur. |
-is |
-u |
-īm |
-is |
-īm |
-īs |
-is |
Example
|
Nominative |
gov-s |
gov-is |
|
Genitive |
gov-s |
govj-u |
|
Dative |
gov-ij |
gov-īm |
|
Accusative |
gov-i |
gov-is |
|
Instrumental |
gov-i |
gov-īm |
|
Locative |
gov-ī |
gov-īs |
|
Vocative |
gov-s |
gov-is |
Adjectives
Adjectives in Latvian have two types of endings: the indefinite endings and definite endings. The case generation of adjectives is determined by gender and type of ending. The masculine adjectives with indefinite ending are declined as nouns of first declension, the feminine nouns with indefinite ending are declined as nouns of 4th declension. The endings of indefinite adjectives are showed in Table 1 and endings of definite adjectives are showed in Table 2. The declension rules for superlative and comparative degrees are similar.
Table 1. Indefinite declension.
|
Gender |
Number |
Nomin. |
Gen. |
Dat. |
Acc. |
Loc. |
Voc. |
|
masc. |
sing. |
-s |
-a |
-am |
-o |
-ā |
- |
|
masc. |
plur. |
-i |
-us |
-iem |
-us |
-os |
- |
|
fem. |
sing. |
-a |
-as |
-ai |
-u |
-ā |
- |
|
fem. |
plur. |
-as |
-u |
-ām |
-as |
-ās |
- |
Table 2. Definite declension.
|
Gender |
Number |
Nomin. |
Gen. |
Dat. |
Acc. |
Loc. |
Voc. |
|
masc. |
sing. |
-ais |
-ā |
-ajam |
-o |
-ajā |
-ais |
|
masc. |
plur. |
-ie |
-o |
-ajiem |
-os |
-ajos |
-ie |
|
fem. |
sing. |
-ā |
-ās |
-ajai |
-o |
-ajā |
-ā |
|
fem. |
plur. |
-ās |
-o |
-ajām |
-ās |
-ajās |
-ās |