The past participle passive

The past participle passive can normally be formed only from transitive verbs. The masculine nominative of past participle passive is formed by adding -s to the infinitive form of active verb. The participle is used as adjective and has the same declension rules as adjectives.

Examples

Indefinite declension

	Masc., sing.	Fem., sing.	Masc., plur.	Fem., plur.
Nominative	celt-s	celt-a	celt-i	celt-as
Genitive	celt-a	celt-as	celt-u	celt-u
Dative	celt-am	celt-ai	celt-iem	celt-ām
Accusative	celt-u	celt-u	celt-us	celt-ās
Locative	celt-ā	celt-ā	celt-os	celt-ās

Definite declension

	Masc., sing.	Fem., sing.	Masc., plur.	Fem., plur.
Nominative	celt-ais	celt-ā	celt-ie	celt-ās
Genitive	celt-ā	celt-ās	celt-o	celt-o
Dative	celt-ajam	celt-ajai	celt-ajiem	celt-ajām
Accusative	celt-o	celt-o	celt-os	celt-ās
Locative	celt-ājā	celt-ajā	celt-ajos	celt-ajās

The present participle active in -dams

This participle exists only in nominative. It has masculine and feminine, singular and plural forms. The verbal participle with -dams is formed from the infinitive stem by adding -dam- and corresponding ending. If the imperfect stem ends with -z, -t or -d then -z- is written in the -dams participle. The endings of the participle are shown into following table.

Gender	Singular	Plural	Reflexive
masculine	-dams	-dami	-damies
feminine	-dama	-damas	-damās

Examples

Gender	Singular	Plural	Reflexive
masculine	mez-dams	mez-dami	mez-damies
feminine	mez-dama	mez-damas	mez-damās

The present participle active in -ošs

The present participle in -ošs is formed from intransitive verbs. They are formed from the stem of first person singular of the present tense by adding -ošs. For verbs of fourth group of first conjugation with infinitives -st, zt the participle is formed from unpalatalized second person singular. The participle is used as adjective and has the same declension rules as adjectives.

Reflexive participle of the -ošs is quite rare. This participle is defective into declension. The case endings for reflexive participle are given into followings table.

Gender	Number	Nomin.	Gen.	Dat.	Acc.	Loc.
masc.	sing.	-	-ās	-	-os	-
masc.	plur.	-ies	-os	-	-os	-
fem.	sing.	-	-ās	-	-os	-
fem.	plur.	-ās	-os	-	-ās	-