Бауманн У., Перре М. - Клиническая психология

(Lazarus, 1991).

.

,

, .

2.

, , , ;

,

. ,

,

.

.

31.2. : 1) ,

,

, 2) 3)

.

3. : ?

;

, ,

. .

, , ,

. , , (Farley, 1986)

, «Big T» (« »). « »

«thrill-seeking», « ».

,

, .

, , ,

. ,

.

,

(Motivationslage). ,

, . ( ,

, ), ,

; , .

, ,

. , , ,

« ». : « ,

, „ “.

. .

„ “. ,

» (Buchheim, 1995). , ,

, .

«sensation-seeking-personality» ( ,

),

,

(Zuckerman, 1979).

, , ,

, , ( . Simon, ., Stacy, A., Sussman, S. & Dent, C., 1994). ,

, (Shekim, Bylund, Franke & Alexson, 1990; Brocke, Beauducel & Tasche, 1996). , . ,

;

(Netter & Rammsayer, 1991).

(Yates, 1970; Gabbard & Coyne 1987; Manuzza, Klein, Bessler, Malloy & LaPadula, 1993). , ,

(Eysenck, 1964),

. , .

, , Fiedler, 1994.

A (Rosenman, Brand, Jenkins, Friedman, Straus & Wurm, 1975; Glass, 1977; Harrell, 1980), ,

, , «

». ,

, ),

, « » .

A (Friedman et al., 1984; Mendes de Leon, Powell & Kaplan, 1991; Thoresen & Powell, 1992)

, , (

. Köhler, 1995).

4. :

: ,

(Seligman, Abramson, Semmel & Baeyer, 1979),

.

,

. ,

.

: , , .

: « » ( ), «

» ( ), « » ( ), «

» ( ), « » ( ), « » ( ).

, ( . .

),

.

, , :

( , ) ,

. , , ,

. : « ,

», « , , ;

».

( . Antaki & Bewin, 1982).

.

,

.

( ),

. ,

, ,

,

. «

» (Wolpe, 1958)

(Bandura, 1977; 1982; Bandura & Adams, 1977; Biran & Wilson, 1981).

. (Ellis, 1962; Ellis & Grieger, 1977)

».

: « , ,

».

,

. , , ,

, .

, : «

. ,

».

» « ».

( , , ,

« »).

, , . 31.3.1.

31.3.1. : (Walen et al., 1980, S. 119)

. ? ,

. , , ?

. !

. , ?. !

. , ; ?. , .

. , ,

, , , .

---

,

,

.

.

, , , ,

,

( Miranda, Persons & Byers, 1990).

,

( ), ,

, . mood priming,

. (Segal & Ingram, 1994) ,

, .

(Watkins, Vache, Verney, Muller & Mathews, 1996)

(Roberts & Kassel, 1996). ,

, .

.

, .

.

. ,

(Giesler, Joseph & Swann, 1996), , ,

.

. « »

. ,

— , .

,

.

.

. . . .

, , .

(Fisher & Fisher, 1992; Fisher, Fisher, Williams & Malloy, 1994),

, (Fisher, Fisher, Misovich, Kimble & Malloy, 1996). : ,

( ),

. ,

, :

1., ,

( ,

, ; ,

,

).

2.,

. , , ,

.

3.« , »,

, . «...social comparison others in the video attempt to influence attitudes toward safer behaviors by stressing that the discomforts of condom use are miniscule compared with the real-life catastrophes they have experienced with HIV and AIDS, and also suggest that it is becoming progressively more normative and expected to practice safer sex» («...

, ,

„ “ ,

, ,

, „ " » ( . .) Fisher et all., 1996, S. 118).

,

. ,

.

.

,

. ,

, ,

( ,

): :

-: , ,

, ;

-:

, ;

-: ,

, , , ,

( , ), ;

-: « » («Szene»),

;

-:

, , ,

.

,

, .

,

, ,

. :

) ( )

.

) , .

) .

) , .) , .

)

(Nakano, 1996).

. ,

, . . ,

. , 1)

( ,

, , ,

; . (Lewinsohn, 1974)

) 2) , ( .

. 31.3.2). , , ,

( , ,

), ,

,

,

.

.

(«token economies»),

, ( . .

,

), — . , ,

:

( . Skinner, 1969;

). ,

(Florin & Meyer-Osterkamp, 1974; Paul & Lentz, 1977).

, , (

), ,

. ,

,

. ,

,

(Garcia et al., 1973; Watson & Uzzell, 1981).

31.3.2. (Hamilton & Waldman,

1983)

,

,

, ,

.

20- , ,

. , ,

, ,

.

. , ,

, .

: )

; ) ; )

) ,

. ,

(«tokens»), ,

( , , ,

. .).

.

, : )

, . . « »

, , ; ) « »

, ;) ,

.

, ,

, (

; Beck, 1978).

,

, ,

.

( )

;

. ,

, .

, , ,

, . ,

.

.

( ) .

,

,

. ,

,

, .

, ,

, , .

.

---

, ( ,

) ,

( , ) ,

(Hsu, 1986) ( . . 31.3.2).

6.

. , ,

( . 31.2). (Meichenbaum & Goodman, 1971)

.

.

, .

,

, ,

— .

( ) ( . Kirkley et al., 1985; Ordman & Kirschenbaum, 1985).

«

»,

, (Marks, 1981).

( , )

.

.

. .

,

,

).

,

(Bourne, Ekstrand & Dunn, 1988).

,

(Hunt & Hampson, 1980).

, , ,

, ,

,

(Pelham, Bender, Caddell, Booth & Moorer, 1985).

,

.

.

.

,

( ) .

: ( ,

) . ,

:

, (Lando, 1977). ,

. , « »

( , ) ,

, (Harbison, McAllister, Quinn & Graham, 1974).

(Cautela, 1966, 1967; Gold & Neufeld, 1965),

.

, (Masters & Johnson, 1970).

«Sensate Focus»,

,

.

?

,

4 . ,

, (Elkin, 1994).

, . .

. (Jacobson et al., 1996) ,

. : 1)

; 2) , . .

, ; 3)

.

150« »

. , —

, — , . .

. ,

. (

, ) ,

,

. , .

, ,

.

( )

,

. ,

(Skinner, 1953), ,

, ,

. ,

( « » ,

).

, , ,

.

, , , ,

,

. , , ,

.

, , ,

,

. , , « » ,

,

,

( . Garfield, 1994, ,

,

). ,

,

. , .

, ,

», (Brehm & Brehm, 1981).

, ,

, , ,

, ( « »),

. , ,

, , , ,

, , , ,

, . .

« », ,

(Rosenhan & Seligman, 1989). , , :

,

, ,

, , , ( ),

« », , ( ,

, ,

?). ,

, ,

. , ,

, . ,

, , ;

.

,

.

, .

(Satir, 1973; Stierlin, 1975; Haley, 1977; Hoffmann, 1982), «

». ,

, — ( ,

, ,

, ), ,

.

« » (cost-benefit analysis),

,

.

(Meichenbaum & Turk, 1994) , , (Horvath; 1993)

, . ,

, , ,

(Vereycken, 1988): «Angst is geen schlechte raadgever» (« — » ( .

.)). , ,

, — , .

,

. (Meichenbaum & Turk, 1994) :

, ,

,

, . ,

. — , .

8.

,

. , , ,

, . , per se; . ,

30.3, .

9.

Antaki, C. & Bewin, C. R. (1982). Attributions and psychological change: Applications of attributional theories to clinical and educational practice. London: Academic Press.

Bandura, A. (1977). Self efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavior change. Psychological Review, 84, 191-215.

Bandura, A. (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist, 37, 122-147. Bandura, A. & Adams, N. E. (1977). Analysis of self-efficacy theory of behavior changes. Cognitive

Therapy and Research, 41, 287-310.

Beck, A. T. (1978). Depression Inventory. Philadelphia: Center for Cognitive Therapy.

Biran, M. & Wilson, G. T. (1981). Treatment of phobic disorders using cognitive and exposure methods. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 48, 886-887.

Bourne, L. E., Ekstrand, B. R. & Dunn, W. L. S. (1988). Psychology. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

Brehm, S. S. & Brehm, J. W. (1981). Psychological reactance: A theory of freedom and control. New York: Academic Press.

Brocke, B., Beauducel, B. & Tasche, K. (1996). Biopsychologische Grundlagen und Verhaltenskorrelate von Sensation seeking: Zur crossmodalen Validierung eines biopsychologischen Traits (AG) (Vortrag auf dem 40. Kongreß der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie 22.-26. September). München.

Buchheim, L. G. (1995). Die Festung. Hamburg: Hoffmann & Campe.

Cautela, J. R. (1966). Treatment of compulsive behavior by covert sensitization. Psychological Record, 16, 33-41.

Cautela, J. R. (1967). Covert sensitization. Psychological Reports, 20, 459-468.

Elkin, I. (1994). The NIMH treatment of depression collaborative research program: Where we began and where we are. In A. E. Bergin, & S. L. Garfield (Eds.), Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change (4th ed., pp. 114-139). New York: Wiley.

Ellis, A. (1962). Reason and Emotion in Psychotherapy. New York: Lyle Stuart.

Ellis, A. & Grieger, R. (Eds.). (1977). A Handbook of Rational-Emotive Therapy. New York: Springer. Eysenck, H. J. (1964). Crime and Personality. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.

Farley, F. (1986). The Big T in personality. Psychology Today, 44-50. Fiedler, P. (1994). Persönlichkeitsstörungen. Weinheim: Beltz.

Fisher, J. D. & Fisher, W. A. (1992). Changing AIDS-Risk Behavior. Psychological Bulletin, 111, 455-

474.

Fisher, J. D., Fisher, W. A., Misovich, S. J., Kimble, D. L. & Malloy, T. E. (1996). Changing AIDS risk behavior: Effects on an intervention emphasizing AIDS risk reduction information, motivation, and behavioral skills in a college student population. Health Psychology, 15, 114-123.

Fisher, J. D., Fisher, W. A., Williams, S. S. & Malloy, T. E. (1994). Empirical Tests of an information- motivation-behavioral skills model of AIDS-preventive behavior with gay men and heterosexual university students. Health Psychology, 13, 238-250.

Florin, I. & Meyer-Osterkamp, S. (1974). Ansätze zur Verhaltenstherapie bei Schizophrenen. In C. Kraiker (Hrsg.), Handbuch der Verhaltenstherapie (S. 465-486). München: Kindler.

Friedman, M., Thoresen, C. E., Gill, J. J., Powell, L H., Ulmer, D., Thompson, L, Price, V. A., Rabin, D. D., Breall, W. S., Dixon, T., Levy, R. & Bourg, E. (1984). Alteration of Type A behavior and reduction in cardiac recurrances in postmyocardial infarction patients. American Heart Journal, 108, 237-248.

Gabbard, G. O. & Coyne, L. (1987). Predictors of response of antisocial patients to hospital treatment.

Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 38, 1181-1185.

Garcia, E., Guess, D. & Brynes, J. (1973). Development of syntax in a retarded girl using procedures of imitation, reinforcement, and modelling. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 6, 299-310.

Garfield, S. L. (1994). Research on client variables in psychotherapy. In A. E. Bergin, & S. L. Garfield (Eds.), Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change (4th ed., pp. 190-228). New York: Wiley.

Giesler, R. B.Josephs, R. A. & Swann, W. B. (1996). Self-verification in clinical depression: The desire for negative evaluation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 105, 358-368.

Glass, D. C. (1977). Behavior patterns, stress, and coronary disease. Hillsdale, N.J.: L. Erlbaum.

Gold, S. & Neufeld, I. (1965). A learning theory approach to the treatment of homosexuality. Behavior Research and Therapy, 2, 201-204.

Haley, J. (1977). Direktive Familientherapie: Strategien für die Lösung von Problemen. München: Pfeiffer.

Hamilton, S. B. & Waldman, D. A. (1983). Self-modification of depression via cognitive-behavioral intervention strategies: A time series analysis. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 7, 99-106.

Harbison, J. J., McAllister, H., Quinn, J. T. & Graham, P. J. (1974). Verhaltensmodifikation sexueller Störungen. In Ch. Kraiker (Hrsg.), Handbuch der Verhaltenstherapie (S. 425-444). München: Kindler.

Harrell, J. P. (1980). Psychological factors and hypertension. Psychological Bulletin, 87, 483-501. Hoffmann, L. (1982). Grundlagen der Familientherapie. Hamburg: Isko-Press.

Horvath, A. T. (1993). Enhancing motivation for the treatment of addictive behavior: Guidelines for the psychotherapist. Psychotherapy, 30, 473-480.

Hsu, L. K. G. (1986). The treatment of anorexia nervosa. American Journal of Psychiatry, 143, 5.

Hunt, D. D. & Hampson, J. L. (1980). Transsexualism: A standardized psychosocial rating format for the evaluation of results of sex reassignment surgery. Archives of sexual behavior, 9, 225-236.

Jacobson, N. S., Dobson, K. S., Truax, P. A., Addis, M. E., Koerner, K., Gollan, J., Gortner, E. & Prince, S. E. (1996). A component analysis of cognitive-behavioral treatment for depression. Journal of