MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

ALMATY UNIVERSITY OF POWER ENGINEERING AND TELECOMMUNICATION

Department of Social sciences

Discipline “Political science”

Semester work №1

The theme: “Political thought Ancient Greece”

Specialty: 5B071800- Electrical power engineering

Done by: Muhtarov A.N. Group: EPEe-15-11

Student’s surname & initials academic group code

Checked by: associate professor Baidildina S.H

Teacher’s academic degree, rank, surname & initials

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Content

Introduction 3

1. Political democracy 4

2. The ideal state of Plato 5

3. Correct and incorrect form of government according to Aristotle 10

Conclusion 15

List of reference 16

Introduction

Almost two and a half thousand years ago, Aristotle, classifying political regimes, has identified six ways of government - the three "right" and the three "wrong". The three correct ways of government he called a monarchy in which power belongs to one person, the aristocracy, in which power belongs to the few, and the polity in which power belongs to all people. "Wrong" - tyranny, oligarchy and democracy. With the right form of government by those who hold power to act for the common benefit, if not - for their own good.

Any mode of ancient and medieval Europe could be described in these six categories, as did historians, philosophers and theologians - from Polybius to Thomas Aquinas - do not converge except in specific denominations. For example, Aristotle distinguished "polity" and "democracy", Plato, Aristotle created the prototype classification distinguished between democracy "bad" and "good", Polybius - democracy and mob rule.

The story has been constant and predictable for centuries. Kingdom rose and reveled in riches, and the whims of the gods of fortune or sending them to envy and enemies. The kings ruled over extended spaces. Democracy or oligarchy flourished within the city-states. Sprawling city-states began to be controlled individually, the emperor, as a subject of power, and the substitute people.

The purpose of this work - the analysis of the political teachings of ancient Greece, including the consideration of the subject of political democracy, the teachings of Plato and Aristotle about the ideal state, consideration of these teachings in the context of ancient Greek culture.

1. Political democracy

One of the most surprising facts of world history is the emergence of well-developed democratic institutions in the Greek city somewhere at the turn of VIII-VII centuries. BC. Enough traditional is an attempt to present this type of organization of society as a direct precursor of modern democratic societies. Two versions of the emergence of the Greek polis are perhaps the most common. One, "romantic", to a certain extent following the Greek tradition proper to ascribe the establishment of a democratic order wise legislators, said the social policy unit intelligent product of "Greek genius".

Another, "socio-economic" version comes mainly from the characteristics of the nature of social and economic development of Greek society and, above all, of the "revolution hoplites" colonization, widespread maritime trade, seeing the profound link between the growth of economic independence and well-being of citizens and intentions to establish a democratic government.

None of these explanatory schemes are not able to fully show the real social dynamics of the process of democratic practices. In fact, if it's only wise legislator and the "national spirit", then why did not lead to success Solon's reforms, which were followed by the tyranny of Pisistratus, and the general explained kaleidoscopic change oligarchic, democratic and tyrannical regimes in many Greek city?

Ill-conceived legislation? But then the idea of ​​"Greek genius" is no longer valid. This problem has troubled many Greek thinkers, including Plato, who proposed and tried to put into practice (with extremely negative results for themselves) version of the meritocratic organization policy, borrowing and bringing to the extreme, some principles of organization of the state in Sparta.

Generally Sparta was an example for those thinkers (and not only in the period of antiquity), who saw in the state system primarily rational order, deliberately designed and installed by the legislator. He was actually set to about 100-150 years later than the law attributed to Lycurgus. The constant struggle for control over a large territory with a hostile population and created the sample egalitarian and highly militarized society, which is admired by many social engineering-oriented European political thinkers. Close by the type of political system of Cretan cities and, in all probability owes its existence the need for constant control over dependent Dorian conquerors of non-Greek origin population of the island.

"The wise legislators" are unlikely to really set the political form of government, which are known according to the classical period, and in fact this form of government emerged, probably under the influence of other factors. Whether these factors have been economic, or whether there was at least the dominance of economic factors in this process? Example of Sparta and Crete says rather the contrary - the economic life of the policy (at least in the classical time) deliberately suppressed (think iron money Sparta). The very argument about the economic nature of Greek democracy raises serious doubts because effective trade led to the concentration of enormous resources the hands of a relatively small number of families that can most generate oligarchic regime than democracy, as evidenced him - many oligarchic regimes in the most prosperous in economic terms, the Greek city and the constant struggle between oligarchy, democracy and tyranny over the VII-V centuries. BC.