Books for lectures / Gompert Signal Transd / Index

ALK-5 (activin-receptor like kinase-5),

mutations in cancer, 437–438

Bayliss, William Maddock, 10

605, 610, 627

apocalmodulin, three-dimensional

BCR (B-cell receptor), 381

ALL (acute lymphoblastic leukaemia),

structure of, 226

Bcr-Abl, mutations in, 752–754, 753

532, 704, 726

AR (androgen receptors), 276, 471,

Bcr-Abl fusion story, 746–749

-actinin, 223, 236

669

domain architecture, 747

-adrenergic receptors, 38, 39, 69, 72

Arabidopsis, 4

origin, 746

-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-

AraC, 740

Beatson, George Thomas, 273

isoxazolepropionic acid, see

arachidonate, 143, 147

benzo[a]pyrene, 577

AMPA

arachidonic acid (5,8,11,14-

Berdoe, Edward, 9

-bungarotoxin

eicosatetraenoic acid), 26, 206,

Bernard, Claude, 5, 45

blocks neuromuscular transmission,

676

Best, 544

48

archaea, 132, 472, 764

-galactosidase, 133

staining of nicotinic receptors, 48

ARE, 579

-adrenergic receptors, 38, 39, 69, 72,

-subunit, 51, 83, 88

area code, 377

245, 355, 777

determine G protein diversity,

armadillo, 421, 723

agonists, 38–39, 40

89–92

arrestins, 98, 99, 100

antagonists, 39–40, 40

interacting with membrane and

aspirin, 27, 357, 543

hydropathy plots of, 56

other proteins, 92–94

astrocytes, 196, 587, 589

receptors distinction, 40–42

-type mating factors, 113

ATF2 (activating transcription factor-

-adrenergic transduction system, in

aluminium fluoride, 142

2), 464, 581, 582

insect cells, 117–119

Alzheimer’s disease, 43, 707

ATF3 (activating transcription factor-

-arrestins, 348

Amanita muscaria, 44

3), 466, 608, 616

-blockers, 40, 41

amino acids, 24, 245, 388, 472, 563,

ATP, 21, 54, 81, 200, 207, 246, 422, 745,

-catenin, 426–434

668, 771, 781

752, 783–784

-catenin/TCF transcription

AMP (anti-Mullerian hormone), 627

cAMP generated from, 133, 133

complex., 430

AMP-activated kinase, see AMPK

economical manufacture of, 82, 83

destruction, 427

AMPA ( -amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-

atrial natriuretic factor, see ANF

localization, 424–426, 432

4-isoxazolepropionic acid), 55,

Atropa belladonna, 44

mutations in cancer, 437–438

209, 215

atropine, 13, 16, 17, 44, 45

partners, 426

AMPA receptors, 55

atypical C1 domain, see AC1

Wnt signalling, 421–422

Amphioxus, 4, 278

atypical PKCs

-COP, see RACKII

AMPK (AMP-activated kinase), 563

isoforms, 255

-endorphin, 4

ancestral steroid hormone receptor, 4

proteins interacting with, 262–263

-hairpin, 609, 613

androgen receptors, see AR

autocrine, 25, 26, 147, 584, 744

-subunit, 83

ANF (atrial natriuretic factor), 4, 22

Axel, Richard, 178

2-adrenergic receptor

annexins, 236

Axin, 611

membrane topology of, 57

‘anoikis’, 400

and APC complex, 426

-subunits, 94–97

antagonists, 39–40, 40

mutations in cancer, 437–438

membrane tethers of, 96

antennapedia, 712

axons, 177, 178, 589

as signalling proteins, 97

anticancer drugs, 740

PIX, 588

anti-inflammatory drugs, 488

B

betaglycan, 605

antimetabolites, 737–739

bHLH protein, 717

anti-Mullerian hormone, see AMP

B-lymphocyte receptor, 514

bile acids, 277, 290

AP-1, 464, 521, 578–580, 591, 627

B7, 516

binding affinity, measurement of,

complexes, 579

Bacillus acetylcholini, 14

30–31

regulation, 580–581

Bacillus anthracis, 334

binding site heterogeneity, 30

AP-2, 713, 715, 720

Bacq, Zenon, 16

bithorax, 712

APC (adenomatous polyposis coli

BAMBI (BMP, activin membrane-

BK virus, 530

protein), 425, 436, 437, 588,

bound inhibitor homologue),

Black, Sir James, 739

590, 591, 722

607, 621, 628

bleomycin, 740

and -catenin localization, 424–426

Banting, 544

BMJ contrasts, 8

different mutations, 437

Bayer Company, 543

BMP proteins, 599, 619

BMP2 (bone morphogenetic protein-

CaMKIII, 229

Caenorhabditis elegans, 255, 278, 328,

2), 628

CaMKIV, 229

331–332, 567, 585, 586, 599,

Bordetella pertussis, 143, 144

Ca2 -calmodulin dependent enzymes

726

bradykinin, 26

Ca2 -calmodulin-sensitive

calabar bean, 16

Brat (brain tumor protein), 436

adenylyl cyclases and

calcineurin, 223, 230–231, 520, 682

bride-of-sevenless (boss), 329

phosphodiesterase, 231–232

calcineurin B, 519

Brown-Séquard, Charles Edouard, 5

calcineurin, 230–231

calcium

Bruegel, Pieter, 14

nitric oxide synthase, 232–233

and evolution, 187–188

Btk Bruton’s tyrosine kinase, 786

plasma membrane Ca2 ATPase

as negative regulator, 167–170

Buck, Linda, 178

(PMCA), 229

calcium-binding by proteins, 221,

Bungarus multicinctus, 48

Ras guanine nucleotide exchange

222–223

busulphan, 740

factor, 229–230

Ca2 signals, decoding, 224

Butenandt, Adolf Friedrich Johann,

Ca2 -calmodulin-sensitive

calmodulin, 225–226

274

adenylyl cyclases and

kinases, regulated by, 226–229

phosphodiesterase, 231

polypeptide modules binding Ca2 ,

C

Ca2 channels, store-operated,

224

210–211

troponin C, 226

c-Abl, 742, 746, 747, 748, 752

Ca2 -induced Ca2 -release, 202

calcium-binding motifs and domains,

inhibitor of, 750–752

Ca2 influx through plasma

779

regulation of, 749

membrane channels,

calcium-dependent enzymes, not

structure of, 748

208–209

regulated by calmodulin, 233

c-Cbl, 519

receptor-operated channels, 209

calpain, 234

c-Fos, 342, 616

TRPM2 channels, 209

cytoskeletal proteins, 236

c-Jun, 342, 616

voltage-operated channels,

DAG kinase, 234

c-myc, 342–343, 614, 709

208–209

neuronal calcium sensors, 233–234

C-Raf, 334–335

Ca2 ionophores, to rise Ca2 , 191

Ras GEFs and GAPs, 234–236

C-TAK1, 346

Ca2 microdomains and global

synaptotagmin, 234

C1 domains, 256

cellular signals, 214

calcium effectors

as protein–protein interaction

in electrically excitable cells,

Ca2 -calmodulin dependent

domain, 256

214–215

enzymes

C2 domain, 224, 256–257, 780–781

in non-excitable cells, 216

Ca2 -calmodulin-sensitive

C3 and C4 domains, 257

Ca2 mobilization and Ca2 entry,

adenylyl cyclases and

Ca2 , 519

193–194, 194

phosphodiesterase, 231–232

free, bound, and trapped, 189–190

Ca2 -promoted Ras inactivator, see

calcineurin, 230–231

regulation of adenylyl cyclase, 141

CAPRI

nitric oxide synthase, 232–233

polypeptide modules binding, 779

Ca2 -sensitive photoproteins, 192

plasma membrane Ca2 ATPase

Ca2 and Mg2

Ca2 signals

(PMCA), 229

approximate levels of, 189

decoding, 224

Ras guanine nucleotide

distinguishing, 188–189

in electrically excitable cells,

exchange factor, 229–230

Ca2 -ATPase (PMCA), 222

214–215

calcium-binding by proteins, 221

Ca2 -ATPase (SERCA), 190, 222

cardiac muscle, 215

Ca2 signals, decoding, 224

Ca2 by cyclic ADP-ribose and NAADP,

nerve cells, 215

calmodulin, 225–226

elevation of, 204–206

skeletal muscle, 214–215

kinases, regulated by calmodulin,

Ca2 by sphingosine-1-phosphate

Caax motif, 105

226–229

(S1P), elevation of, 206–208

cachexia, 493

polypeptide modules binding

Ca2 calmodulin, 619

CADASIL, 726

Ca2 , 224

pathway, 353

cadherins, 387–392, 387, 389, 426

troponin C, 226

Ca2 -calmodulin-activated protein

in central nervous system, 439

calcium-dependent enzymes, not

kinases (CaM-kinases), 226,

in contact inhibition, 438

regulated by calmodulin, 233

228

subfamilies, 390–391

calpain, 234

CaMKI, 228

cADPR (cyclic ADP-ribose), 205

cytoskeletal proteins, 236

CaMKII, 228–229

structures, 204

DAG kinase, 234

calcium effectors (continued )

carboplatin, 737, 740

adenomatous polyposis coli

neuronal calcium sensors,

carcinoma, 299

(APC) and localization of

233–234

CARD domain, 521

-catenin, 424–426

Ras GEFs and GAPs, 234–236

cardiac muscarinic K channel, 97

canonical Wnt pathway, 419–424

synaptotagmin, 234

cardiac muscle, 215

contact inhibition, cadherin in,

calcium signaling, paradigms of

CARMA1, 518, 521, 522

438

skeletal muscle, initiation of

Carrel, Alexis, 303

non-canonical signal

contraction in, 237–239

cartilage link proteins, 395–397,

transduction pathways, 438

smooth muscle contraction, 239

396

small intestine villous epithelium,

triggering neurotransmitter

CAS (Crk-associated substrate), 400,

434–436

secretion, 236–237

401

signalling through adhesion

calcium influx factor, see CIF

casein kinases, see CK

molecules, examples of, 439

calcium sensors and metabotropic

cassette, 711

AM and differentiation

receptors, 63–64

catecholamines, 3, 38

regulation, 439

calcium signaling, paradigms of

catenins, 392

cadherin in the central nervous

neurotransmitter secretion,

Cbl, 349, 521, 715

system, 439

triggering, 236–237

CBP (CREB binding protein), 534–535,

Raf-1-mediated cell

skeletal muscle, initiation of

628

transformation, occludin

contraction in, 237–239

CD3, 516, 517, 658

prevention of, 440

smooth muscle contraction, 239

CD4, 516, 517

TGF type I receptor–occludin

calcium signals, in non-excitable cells,

CD8, 516, 517

interactions, 439–440

216

CD22, 381

cell division cycle protein 42, see

CalDAG-GEF, 498

CD28, 516, 521

Cdc42

calmodulin, 222, 225–226, 225, 519,

CD34, 393

cell fate, determination of, 433

620

CD44, 395–397

cell proliferation and integrins,

calmodulin kinases, 222, 226–229

CD45 and immune cell function

403–406

calpain, 223, 234

regulation, 528, 535,

cell transformation in cancer, 308–309

calreticulin, 222

658–660

central nervous system, see CNS

calsequestrin, 222

CD95, 489

Cephalochordata, 4

Cambrian Explosion, 4, 315

CDC25 gene product, 111, 330

cetuximab, 743, 744

CAMK, 244

Cdc42 (cell division cycle protein 42),

CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane

cAMP, 34, 180–181

500, 590, 591

conductance regulator), 136,

cAMP gated K channel, 251

CDK2, 617, 675, 753

228

cancer

CDK4 (cyclin dependent protein

cGMP, 159, 180–181, 232

definitions, 306, 310

kinase-4), 617, 619, 626

CGP 531716, 750

essence of cancer, 307

CDK8, 709, 710, 712

CGP 57148B, 750

genetic alterations, 308–309

cell activation, by over-expression of

chaete, 720

malignancy, alterations dictating,

receptor, 68–69

chelating agents, 189

307–308

cell–cell contacts, 418, 419

chemokines, 26, 489, 494–500, 526

and transformation, 309–310

cell cycle inhibitors, FAK-mediated

chemotactic peptides, 486

cancer drugs testing, different

regulation of, 404–405

chemotaxis, 494

approach in, 754–757

cell cycle regulation, 343–344

chemotherapy, 736, 738

cancer therapy, alternative targets

cell differentiation regulation,

antimetabolites, 737–739

for, 742

adhesion molecules in

combination chemotherapy,

candela (cd), 168

adherens junctions destabilization,

740–741

canonical Wnt pathway, signalling

417–419

cytotoxic antibiotics, 737

through, 419–424, 429

-catenin, Axin, and APC in

drugs, good and bad, 739–740

canonical’ NF- B pathway, 462

human cancers, mutations of,

purine pathway to, 739

CAPRI (Ca 2 -promoted Ras

437–438

chlorpromazine, 53

inactivator), 235

-catenin, partners of, 426

cholecystokinin, 21, 22

CAR (constitutive androstane

( -catenin-dependent) canonical

cholera-induced diarrhoea,

receptor), 284, 290

Wnt pathway, 426–434

mechanism of, 143

cholera toxin, 143–146

corollary, 4

CYP3A4, 290, 291

cholinergic receptor, 43

‘corpora non agunt nisi fixate’, 452

CYP7A1 gene, 290

cholinergic receptor subtypes, 44

cortisol, 4

CypA (cyclophilin A), 683

ligand-gated ion channels, 54–55

Corynebacterium diphtheriae, 143

cys-loop receptors, 54

muscarinic receptors, 45–46

COUP-TF family, 279

cystic fibrosis transmembrane

nicotinic receptors, 44–45

Cowden disease, 560

conductance regulator, see

architecture of, 50–54

cPML (cytosolic promyelocytic

CFTR

ion channels, 46–49

leukemia protein), 628

cytochrome c, 403

cholinesterase, 43

CRACM, 211

cytochrome P450 proteins, 289, 290

cholinesterase inhibitors, 43

CRD (cysteine-rich domain ), 334, 336

cytokine-induced signalling, 527

Chondrodendron tomentosum, 45

CRE, 579

cytokines, 26, 305, 306, 489

chorda, 618

CREB, 578

Wnt family, 420–421

chronic myelogenous leukaemia, see

transcription factor, activation of,

cytoskeletal proteins, 236

CML

248–250

cytosol, 274

Chu Chen-Heng, 274

CREB-mediated gene expression,

cytosol Ca2 , 190–191

chymotrypsin, 65, 766

pathways leading to activation

concentration elevation, 198

CI-1033, 743

of, 249

Ca2 influx through plasma

ciclosporin, 683

CREB1 (cyclic cAMP responsive

membrane channels, 208–209

ciclosporin A, 230, 520, 683

element binding protein-1),

Ca2 release from intracellular

CICR, 202–203

591

stores, IP 3 and ryanodine

CIF (calcium influx factor), 212–213

cripto, 605–606

receptors, 200–203

cisplatin, 737, 738, 740

Crk (CT10 virus regulator of protein

by cyclic ADP-ribose and NAADP,

CK (casein kinases), 244, 428–430

kinase), 325

204–206

claudins, 382–383, 382

Crk adaptor protein, 397

depleted stores, replenishing,

Claviceps purpurea, 14

CRM1 (chromosome region

209–213

Clermont, 43, 44

maintenance-1 protein

by sphingosine-1-phosphate,

clonidine, 39, 70

homology), 628

206–208

Clostridium perfringens, 383

CRMP2 (collapsin respone mediator

monitoring in individual cells,

CMGC, 244

protein-2), 590, 591

194–195

CML (chronic myelogenous

Croonian lecture (1906), 17

cytosol-resident receptors, 282–284,

leukaemia), 532, 742, 746

croton oil, 253

283

successful treatment of, 752

Croton tiglium, 253

cytosolic PTPs, 644–645

CNS (central nervous system), 21, 43

Csk (c-Src kinase), 534, 535

cytotoxic antibiotics, 737

coactivators, 287–288

CSL, 704, 708, 709, 724

cytotoxic T cells, 515, 625

cochaperone p23, 282

CTP, 81

cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), 515,

Cohen, Stanley, 300, 301

‘cuddle hormone’, 28

624, 624

Coleus forskohlii, 142

curari, 17

Coley’s toxins, 488

cyclic ADP-ribose, see cADPR

D

colour discrimination, 163

cyclic AMP (cAMP), 34, 131–133

combination chemotherapy, 740–741

and amplification of signals,

D-Ras, 101

common mediator Smads, 608, 611

245–246

DAG (diacylglycerol), 147, 234, 326,

communication, levels of, 376

generated from ATP, 133

517, 518, 519, 545

complement, 377

cyclic GMP, 166–167

PKC activation, 253, 255, 256, 259

confocal microscopy, 196

cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase

sources, 259, 260

constitutive androstane receptor, see

(1A–C), 223

DAG kinase, 223, 234, 263

CAR

cyclin-dependent kinases, 291, 785

Dale, Henry Hallett, 12, 13, 185

contact inhibition, cadherin in, 438

cyclin dependent protein kinase-4,

dance of death, 14

conventional agonists, 67

see CDK4

Danio rerio, 713

conventional PKCs, 255

cyclo-oxygenase, 544

Darmlumen, 618

core promoter, 287

cycloheximide, 350

daughterless, 717

corepressors, 288–289

cyclophilin A, see CypA

DBD (DNA-binding domain), 281

Corkscrew (Csw) pathway, 655

cyclophosphamides, 740

DD (death domain), 455, 456, 489, 492

death domain, see DD

Drosophila Groucho, 424

EGF receptor (EGFR), 302, 318, 326,

decapentaplegic (Dpp), 607

Drosophila melanogaster, 318, 328

350, 405

Delta, 337, 703, 706, 713, 714, 724

DSL proteins, 703

activation, 321

Delta-like 3 (DLL3), 726

DSP (dual specificity phosphatases),

EGTA, 189, 189

DeltaD, 722

644, 645, 661, 663

Ehrlich, Paul, 452, 736

Deltex, 715

in development, 665–667

eicosanoids, 26, 277

dendrites, 589

MAP kinases regulation, 662–665

receptor binding, 61

density enhanced PTP (DEP-1),

PTEN, 668–671

eiF-4E (initiator factor-4E), 341, 559,

657–658

dual specificity phosphatases, see DSP

566

dephosphorylation, 250, 433, 438,

Dvl (dishevelled), 592

EILDV, 378

528–529, 641

dynamin, 713

ELAM-1 (endothelium leucocyte

deribosylation, 146–147

dynestrol, 274

adhesion molecule-1), 378

desensitization, 54, 100

electric organs, 47–48

desmoplakin, 392

E

Electrophorus, 48

DFP (diisopropyl fluorophosphate), 54

11-cis–retinal, 58, 161, 163, 165, 170

DHPR (dihydropyridine receptor), 208,

E-cadherin, 388, 419, 433, 625

Elion, Gertrude, 739

214, 237

E. coli, 133, 136, 753

Elk (Ets-like factor), 342

diabetes mellitus, 544, 557, 648, 650

E-selectin, 378, 395, 493

ENaC Na channel, 469

diacylglycerol, see DAG

E2-ubiquitin conjugation protein

endocrine, 25

Dickkopf (Dkk), 431

(UbcH7), 620

endocytosis, 713–714, 715, 716

Dictyostelium, 115, 136, 150, 771

E3-ubiquitin ligases, 469, 470

endoglin, 605, 606

Dictyostelium discoides, 133

early response genes, 342–343

endorphins, 4

Dictyostelium discoideum, 771

EB1 (end binding protein-1), 592

endothelial nitric oxide synthase, see

dihydrofolate reductase, 739

Eccles, John, 16

eNOS

dihydropyridine receptor, see DHPR

EDRF (endothelium-derived relaxing

endothelial cell adhesion molecule,

dihydropyridines, 208

factor), 232

489–492

diisopropyl fluorophosphate, see DFP

EEA-1 (early endosome antigen-1),

endothelium-derived relaxing factor,

dishevelled protein, 589, 590, 723

778, 786

see EDRF

dissociation constant (KD), 30, 188

eEF2 (elongation factor 2), 229

Enhancer of Split, 709, 711–712

‘distorted’ conformation, 53

EF-hand motif, 224, 779

eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide

DJ-1, 669

effector enzymes coupled to GTP

synthase), 292

DNA binding, 284–257, 285

binding proteins

ENTH/ANTH, 777

DNA-binding domain, see DBD

adenylyl cyclase

Epac, 251–252, 252

Domagk, Gerhard, 739

ATP, cAMP generated from, 133

Ephedra sinica, 4

dopamine, 38, 42, 68

cyclic AMP, 131–133

ephedrine, 3–4

Dos, 657

regulation, 134, 136–146

Ephrin (Eph) receptors, 435

doxorubicin, 738, 740

structural organization, 134–136

epidermal growth factor, see EGF

dPKC1 (Drosophila PKC-1) (D.

ADP-ribosylation of -subunits,

epinephrine, see adrenaline

melanogaster), 592

146–147

epithelial adherent junctions, 392,

Dpp gene, 607

phospholipase C, 147

393

Dras pathway, 655

inositol phospholipids, signalling

epithelial cells migration, in intestinal

Driesch, Hans, 701

role for, 147

crypts, 434

Drk protein, 330–331

isoenzymes of, 148–150

epithelial mesenchymal

Drosophila, 101, 210, 255, 264, 283,

phospholipase family, 147–148

transformation (EMT), 419, 419,

587, 599, 709, 711, 712, 713

PLC , 150

623, 625–627

adenomatous polyposis coli (APC),

regulation, 151–153

EPO (erythropoietin), 515

425

effector genes, of Notch signalling,

Epsin, 713, 779

Notch and sensory progenitor cells,

709–712

ER (estrogen receptor), 277, 284

716–727

EFS (embryonal Fyn-associated

ErbB receptor family, 318, 319

Wnt pathway, 420, 421, 422, 423,

substrate), 401

ErbB2, 318, 405, 742, 743, 745

434

EGF (epidermal growth factor), 4, 23,

ergot, 14–16

X chromosome of, 701

291, 301–302, 405, 743

ergotamine, 14

ERK (extracellular signal regulated

neurotransmitters and

G proteins, 83, 494

kinase), 291, 349–353, 583

neuropeptides, 27

7TM receptor linkage, 83

activation of, 250–251

vasoactive agents, 26–27

-subunits, 88

ERK1, 349, 592

intracellular messengers, 27, 28

diversity, 89–92

ERK2, 349

binding affinity measurement,

evolutionary relationship, 91

ERK3, 350

30–31

functions, 90

ERK4, 350

binding heterogeneity, 30

sites interacting with

ERK5, 351

cAMP, 34

membranes/proteins, 92–94

erlotinib, 743, 745

down-regulation of receptors,

-Subunits, 94–97

erysipelas, 488

33–34

functions, 97

erythropoietin, see EPO

KD and EC50, 31–32

negative feedback signals, 98

eserine, 16, 43

ligands to receptors, binding of,

signal transmission, 97

estradiol, 3, 4, 292

29–30

activation without subunit unit

estrogen receptor, see ER

spare receptors, 32–33

dissociation, 111–119

Ets (E-26), 342

5 -AMP, 246

GTPase cycle, 84–86

eubacteria, 132

FK506, 200, 683

heterotrimeric, 83–84

European Pharmacopoeia, 11

FKBP12, 200, 683

monomeric, 83

EVH1 domains, 776

fluorescence resonance energy

receptor affinity modulation, 87

EXEL 7647/EXEL 0999, 743

transfer, see FRET

switching off activity, 86–88

exocytosis, 234

fluorescent Ca2 indicators, 192–193

GABA ( -aminobutyric acid), 27, 55

extracellular matrix, 397, 400

fluorophores, 196

GABA receptor, 45

extracellular signal regulated kinase,

fMLP, 494

gag, 101, 742

see ERK

focal adhesion complexes, 387, 400

gallamine, 45

focal adhesion kinase, see FAK

-aminobutyric acid, see GABA

F

follicle stimulating hormone, see FSH

-secretase, 439, 707, 708, 714, 722

formylmethionine (fMet), 486

GAPs (GTPase activating proteins),

F-actin, 236

forskolin, 142–143, 143

108, 235

Fab fragment, 745

Fos, 342, 580

gastrin, 21, 22

FAK (focal adhesion kinase), 400, 401,

Fos-c (feline osteosarcoma cellular

GCAP (guanylyl cyclase activating

403, 404–406

homologue), 592

protein), 168

farnesyl transferase inhibitors, 105,

Foster’s Textbook of Physiology, 5

GCN4, 578

106

4E-BP1, 566

gefitinib, 743, 746

FAS ligand, 489

FRET (fluorescence resonance energy

GEFs (guanine nucleotide exchange

FERM domains, 776

transfer), 114–117, 116, 197

factors), 111, 236

FGF (fibroblast growth factor), 432,

Fringe, 707

gelsolin, 223, 224, 236

617, 618

Frizzled (Fz), 66, 590

gene cassettes, 711–712

FGFR (fibroblast growth factor

fruit fly, 328–331

gene complex, 711–712

receptor), 617

FSH (follicle stimulating hormone), 22,

gene expression

fibrinogen, 378, 383

25, 249–250

activation, 614

fibroblast growth factor, see FGF

Fura2, 193, 193

regulation, 422

fibroblast growth factor receptor, see

furin, 489

repression, 614

FGFR

Fus3, 344, 345

gene theory, 701

fibronectin, 395, 418, 625

FXR, 279, 282, 290

germline mutations, 668

Finkel–Biskis–Jinkins murine

Fyn, 517

GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein),

osteosarcoma virus, 578

FYVE, 777–778

629

first messengers, 21, 22–23

GFP (green fluorescent protein), 197,

hormones, 25

G

276

common aspects, 28

GHRH (growth hormone releasing

cytokines, 26

G-protein-linked receptors, 354

hormone), 145

growth factors, 25

G protein receptor kinase (GRK2/

Gilman, Alfred G., 1

lipophilic messengers,

ARK), 39

Gley, Eugene, 544–545

27–28

G protein receptor kinase family, 98

Glivec/Gleevec, 736, 750

hsp70, 282

inflammatory mediators, 483,

JAK-STAT pathway, down-

hsp90, 282, 754

485–486, 485, 487

regulation of, 527–529, 530

human immunodeficiency virus, see

inhibitory Smads, 608, 620, 621

interferon regulatory factors (IRFs),

HIV

innate immune system, 451

464–465

human papilloma virus (HPV), 530

IRF family, of transcription factors,

interferonreceptor, see INF-

human Siglec adhesion molecules,

464–466

receptor

381

microbial universe, sensing,

interferons, 305, 353, 523

Huxley, Andrew, 16

452–453, 454

classifications, 524

hyaluronan, 395

proteasome complex, 471–477

receptors, 524

hydrophobic motif, see HM 259

SUMO and sumoylation, 471

interferon- -receptor, 523, 524,

hydrophobicity, 51, 51

TLR4-induced gene transcription,

525–526, 528–529

466–467

interleukin-1 receptor, see IL-1R

I

toll receptor in Drosophila,

interleukin-2 receptor, see IL-2R

453–464

interleukin-2, see IL-2

ICAM (intercellular adhesion

ubiquitylation, 467–470

interleukin-3, see IL-3

molecule), 379, 489

iNOS, 232

interleukin-6, see IL-6

ICAM-1, 493

inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate, see IP3

interleukin-8, see IL-8

ID1 (inhibitor of DNA-binding), 617

inositol phospholipids, signalling role

intracellular 7TM receptor domains

IFN- receptor-1, 524, 528–529

for, 147

and signal transmission, 73

IFN-stimulated response element

inositol triphosphate, 545

intracellular calcium, 185

(ISRE), 464, 526

inositol trisphosphate receptors,

Ca2 and Mg2 , distinguishing,

IFNAR1, 524, 526, 528

200–202

188–189

IFNAR2, 524, 525

inside-out signalling, 397–398, 399

Ca2 microdomains and global

IgE-R (high-affinity receptor for IgE),

insulin, 4, 22, 23, 70

cellular signals, 214

515

IRS, PI3-kinase, PKB

Ca2 signals, in electrically

IL-1 , 455

in glycogen synthesis regulation,

excitable cells, 214–215

IL-1R (interleukin-1 receptor), 262

554

calcium signals, in non-excitable

IL-2R (interleukin-1 receptor), 514

receptor structure, 555

cells, 216

IL-2 (interleukin-2), 265, 514, 516,

insulin receptor signalling, 543

calcium and evolution, 187–188

658

glycogen synthesis regulation,

cytosol Ca2 , low level of, 190–191

IL-3 (interleukin-3), 529

554–566

cytosol Ca2 concentration,

IL-6 (interleukin-6), 292, 467

PI 3-kinase, PI(3,4)P2 and PI(3,4,5)P3,

mechanisms elevating, 198

IL-8 (interleukin-8), 452, 494, 497, 503

546–554

Ca2 by cyclic ADP-ribose and

imatinib, 736

3-phosphorylated inositol

NAADP, elevation of, 204–206

CML and Bcr-Abl fusion story,

phospholipids, 566–567

Ca2 by sphingosine-1-

746–749

through phosphoinositides,

phosphate, elevation of,

development, 750–752

545–546

206–208

molecular mechanism of inhibition

INT3, 708

Ca2 influx through plasma

by, 752

integrins, 383–384, 384, 386, 494, 498,

membrane channels, 208–209

immunocytokines, 26

498

Ca2 release from intracellular

immunoglobulin receptors, 207

and cell proliferation, 403–406

stores, IP 3 and ryanodine

immunoglobulin superfamily,

and cell survival, 400–403

receptors, 200–203

378–379, 379

inactive to primed, 384–386

replenishing depleted stores,

immunophilin, 200, 230–231, 282, 683

primed to active, 387

209–213

immunoreceptor tyrosine-based

intercellular adhesion molecule, see

extracellular calcium and activation,

activation motif, see ITAM

ICAM

191

IMP (impedes mitogenic signal

interferon (IFN) receptors, signalling

using Ca2 ionophores, to rise

propagation), 346, 347

through, 523

Ca2 , 191

InaC, 265

alternative pathways, 526

free, bound, and trapped Ca2 ,

InaD, 264–265, 264

classification, 524

189–190

INFreceptor, 525–526

interferonreceptor and STAT

intracellular Ca2 concentration,

inflammation, 483–487

proteins, 525–256

sensing changes in, 191