Learning activities

I. Translate the following words, pointing out prefixes and suffixes.

1. Different, difference, to differ, indifference

2. To depend, dependence, dependant, independent, independence

3. System, systematically

4. Classification, to classify, class

5. To help, a help, helpless, helpful

6. Power, powerful, powerless

7. Beauty, beautiful

8. Rich, richness, to enrich

9. To exist, existence

10. To describe, description, descriptive.

II. Find in the text sentences with the following expressions and translate.

No one knows, many of them, in this way, to do smth with great care, to keep rack of, according to, for example, in turn, to be in doubt, down through the ages, up to the present time.

III. Explain the use of modal verbs and their equivalents in the following sentences.

1. We cannot see the stars at night. 2. This article may help me. 3. He can read books by English writers in the original. 4. We may distinguish these colors. 5. This writer may or may not come. 6. The problem can be solved in November. 7. We were not able to sleep at night yesterday. 8. The headmaster says he is not allowed to come on Friday. 9. Everybody must work hard to become a good specialist. 10. You are to come to the office at 5.

IV. Use modal verbs as it is shown in the example. Write and translate the sentences.

Example: Colors are distinguished (can). – We can distinguish colors.

1. Several reports are made (must).

2. More trading centers are established (have to).

3. Various languages are studied (can).

4. New experiments are conducted (may).

5. More textbooks are written (should).

6. No creatures are found on that planet (can).

7. No stars are seen on a dark night (can).

8. Fresh newspapers are sold (may).

9. The text is translated (be to).

10. Different dyes are produced (may).

Find sentences with modal verbs in the text. Explain the use of modals. Translate into Russian.

V. Translate into English.

1. Никто не знает точное число видов растений и животных, живущих на земле.

2. Многие из них настолько малы, что их можно разглядеть только при помощи микроскопа.

3. Чтобы следить за развитием какого-либо вида растения или животного, нужно изучать его с большим вниманием.

4. В соответствии с системой классификации Линнея каждому растению и животному было присвоено двойное латинское название.

5. В некоторых случаях различия между растениями и животными трудно заметить.

6. Например, существуют одноклеточные живые организмы очень похожие на растения.

VI. Translate into Russian, paying attention to the underlined words.

а) 1. I borrowed one of your books.

2. I have not a pen. Can you lend me one?

3. One cannot always find time for reading.

b) 1. He is very kind to animals.

2. It was kind of you to help us.

3. What kind of tree is this?

c) 1. 3,13,33 are numbers.

2. A number of books are missing from the library.

3. They were fifteen in number.

d) 1.There’s no way through.

2. Can you find your way home?

3. Look this way ,please.

4. I don’t like the way he looks at me.

e) 1. It was cold there even in July.

2. You seem even busier than usual today.

3. Her teeth are white and even.

VII. Group the words according to the type of building.

Meat-eating, one-celled, spiny-skinned, jointed-legged, plant-eating, heat-loving, broad-leaved, bloom-producing.

VIII. Make your own words and translate them into Russian.

Dead, to stand; warm, to require; egg, to lay; long wool; fur, to bear; warm, blood; thin, wall; red, neck; short, time.

IX. Translate into English.

Длиннохвостый, голубоглазый, широкоплечий, добросердечный, длинноногий, холоднокровный, кроветворный, газообразующий, кровососущий.

X. Answer the questions:

1. In what two large groups are all living things divided?

2. Why was the system of classification set up?

3. How are plants and animals sorted?

4. What is further classification of animals?

XI. Translate the text into Russian and then back into English, compare your version with the original.

a) In this rich varied world there are large plants, like trees, some of which are the largest living things. There are plants, thousands of which can live in a small drop of water. There are helpful plants that man cultiva­tes, and harmful ones. Plants that live in water, and those that live only on lane; plants that produce flowers and fruit, and others that do not; plants that live for hund­reds of years and plants that live for only a few hours.

Green plants are so common that you may never stop to think how wonderful and how important they are. A good way to begin our general study of plants is to compare them with animals.

b) What Life Functions are. As we study more about plants and animals and how they live, we shall see that all of them perform several functions in common. These are called life functions. One way of studying animals and plants is to begin with their life functions. These life functions are: sensation (irritability), motion, food-taking, nutrition (digestion, absorption, circulation, assimilation), respiration, excretion and reproduction.

TEXT 4.

Read and translate the following words:

to synthesize, oxygen, exception, range, sparse, dissolved, alkaline, to average, variety, habitat, distribution, depth, dweller, cover, competitor, protein, predatory, poisonous.