- •Сыктывкар 2009
- •The subject of biology
- •Learning activities
- •I. Group the words according to the root.
- •II. Choose Russian equivalents for English words.
- •III. What is the meaning of the following words in the text?
- •IV. Find in the text synonyms for these words.
- •VI. Define the tense of the predicate and put the sentences into interrogative and negative forms.
- •Is he studying Biology?
- •The stuff of life
- •Learning activities
- •VI. Ask questions to the underlined words and word-combinations.
- •VII. Agree or disagree with the following statements.
- •VIII. Answer the questions.
- •IX. Translate into English.
- •X. Read and translate the text into Russian and then back into English, compare your version with the original:
- •XI. Read the text and reproduce it in Russian.
- •XII. Speak about protoplasm.
- •Animals and plants
- •Learning activities
- •I. Translate the following words, pointing out prefixes and suffixes.
- •II. Find in the text sentences with the following expressions and translate.
- •III. Explain the use of modal verbs and their equivalents in the following sentences.
- •IV. Use modal verbs as it is shown in the example. Write and translate the sentences.
- •V. Translate into English.
- •VI. Translate into Russian, paying attention to the underlined words.
- •General zoology.
- •Learning activities.
- •What is missing? Find the missing noun in the reading.
- •II. Find Russian equivalents for the English words and expressions. Arrange them in pairs.
- •III. Choose the correct word corresponding to the definitions below.
- •IV. Restate the following sentences according to the pattern.
- •V. Here are some answers. What are the questions?
- •VI. Rearrange these series of words to form sentences.
- •VII. Put in “little”, “a little”, “few”, “a few”.
- •VIII. Give Russian equivalents to the following English phrases.
- •IX. Give short answers to the following questions.
- •X. Study these sentences with Participle I and II. Define the function of the Participle. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •XI. Are these statements true or false?
- •XII. Make up a plan of the text in the form of special questions. Retell the text using your plan.
- •I. Answer the questions.
- •II. Choose the correct word corresponding to the definitions below.
- •VIII. Correcting mistakes.
- •IX. Make up a plan of the text. Retell the text according to your plan.
- •I. Vocabulary.
- •II. Answer the questions.
- •III. Choose the correct word corresponding to the definitions below.
- •IV. Restate the following sentences according to the pattern.
- •V. Rearrange these series of words to form sentences (or questions).
- •VI. Paraphrase the following sentences. Remember that
- •Instead of we can say
- •VII. Here are some answers. What are the questions?
- •VIII. Check your comprehension.
- •IX. Give English equivalents of the following phrases. Use them in sentences of your own.
- •X. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •XI. Correcting mistakes.
- •I. What is missing? Find the missing adverbs in the reading.
- •II. Vocabulary.
- •III. Answer the questions.
- •IV. Change the following statements to questions supplying short answers.
- •V. Choose the correct word corresponding to the definitions below.
- •VI. Restate the following sentences according to the pattern.
- •VII. For or since?
- •VIII. Rearrange these series of words to form sentences ( or questions).
- •IX. Form the comparative and superlative of the following adjectives.
- •X. Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases.
- •XI. Here are some answers. What are the questions?
- •XII. Check your comprehension.
- •Give English equivalents of the following phrases. Use them in sentences of your own.
- •XIV. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •XV. Correcting mistakes.
- •I. Vocabulary.
- •II. Answer the questions.
- •III. Change the following statements to questions supplying short answers.
- •IV. Choose the correct word corresponding to the definitions below.
- •V. Restate the following sentences according to the pattern.
- •VI. Rearrange these series of words to form sentences (or questions).
- •VII. Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases.
- •VIII. Using prepositions.
- •IX. Here are some answers. What are the questions?
- •X. Check your comprehension.
- •XI. Give English equivalents of the following phrases. Use them in sentences of your own.
- •XII. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •XIII. Correcting mistakes.
- •Add 'few', 'a few', 'little', 'a little', as appropriate.
- •I. What is missing? Find the missing adjectives in the reading.
- •II. Vocabulary.
- •III. Oral questions.
- •IV. Choose the correct word corresponding to the definitions below.
- •V. Restate the following sentences according to the pattern.
- •VI. Rearrange these series of words to form sentences (or questions).
- •VII. Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases.
- •VIII. Use 'no' / 'none' or 'not any'.
- •IX. Here are some answers. What are the questions?
- •X. Add 'it', 'them', ‘one', 'ones', 'some' or 'any' — or nothing.
- •XI. Check your comprehension.
- •XII. Give English equivalents of the following phrases. Use them in sentences of your own.
- •XIII. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •XIV. Correcting mistakes.
- •Learning activities
- •I. Group the words according to the root.
- •II. Arrange the following in pairs of synonyms.
- •III. Find the Russian equivalents of the English words arrange in pairs.
- •IV. Fill in articles where necessary. Explain the use of articles in these sentences.
- •V. Translate the sentences paying attention to the Infinitive. Define the function of the Infinitive.
- •VI. Answer the following questions:
- •VII. Memorize the expressions from the text, use them in translating the Russian sentences into English.
- •VIII. Read and translate the text with a dictionary:
- •IX. Write a dictation.
- •X. Give the key words to the text. Give the summary.
- •I .Arrange, the words to form a sentence.
- •II. Answer these questions in short simple sentences. Your answers must follow each other so that all your sentences will form a complete paragraph. Your paragraph will be a precis of the piece.
- •III. Explain the meaning of the italicized words and phrases as they are used in the passage.
- •IV. Join the following sentences using the connecting words in brackets. Omit the words in italics.
- •VI. Study the form of the sentences.
- •VII. Explain the meaning of "since" in these sentences.
- •VIII. Write all kinds of questions (general, special, alternative, disjunctive) to the following sentences.
- •IX. Agree or disagree with the following statements.
- •X. Translate into English.
- •A white-eyed fly
- •Learning activities
- •I. Find synonyms for the following words in the text.
- •II. What is the meaning of the following words in the text?
- •III. Pay attention to the combination/translate them into Russian.
- •IV. Find the Russian equivalents of the English words arrange in pairs.
- •V. Fill in the missing words. Compare your variants with those in the text.
- •VI. Analyse the constructions Complex Subject with the Infinitive and Complex Object with the Infinitive. Translate the sentences.
- •VII. Translate the sentences into English, using words and expressions from the text.
- •VIII. Here are the answers. What are the questions?
- •IX. Write a dictation.
- •X. Give the key words (phrases) to the text. Give the summary.
- •XI. Translate without a dictionary. Guess the meaning of unknown words from the context. Give the main idea of each paragraph:
- •Improvement of plants
- •Learning activities
- •I. Form nouns from the verbs below, according to the model
- •II. Find synonyms for the following words in the text.
- •III. Find the Russian equivalents of the English words, arrange in pairs
- •IV. What is the meaning of the following words (in the text)?
- •V. Read and translate the following sentences bearing in mind the various meanings of the words in bold type:
- •VII. Memorize the following phrases. Translate the sentences into English, using the phrases below.
- •IX. Translate into English.
- •X. Ask 10 special questions to the text in written form.
- •XI. Give the key words to the text. Give the summary.
- •XII. Translate the text without a dictionary:
- •XIII. Translate the text in writing with a dictionary paying attention to infinitive constructions (you are given 30 min.)
- •Food factors
- •Learning activities.
- •I. Read and translate the following attributive word combinations.
- •II. Arrange the following words in pairs of
- •Synonyms
- •Antonyms
- •III. What is the meaning of the following words in the text?
- •IV. What parts of speech are the following words in the text?
- •V. Find the Russian equivalents of the English words arrange in pairs.
- •VI. Write questions to the following sentences beginning with the words in brackets.
- •VII. Analyse the “-ing” and “-ed” forms in the sentences, state their functions.
- •VIII. Translate the following into Russian.
- •IX . Answer the questions:
- •X. Translate the sentences using words and expressions from the text.
- •XI. Translate the text without a dictionary. Guess the meaning of the unfamiliar words.
- •XII. Read the following passages and present their summary in Russian to your class-mates. Work in pairs.
- •Learning activities.
- •I. Give Russian equivalents to these words:
- •II. Use the words from Ex. I in the correct form to complete the sentences:
- •Find pairs of synonyms.
- •IV. Find English equivalents to the following word and combinations in the text:
- •V. Read and translate the sentences with the emphatic construction It is (was) … who(that) …
- •VI. Write as many questions as possible to the following sentences.
- •VII. Read the sentences containing non-finite forms of the verb (Infinitive, Gerund, and Participle). Define their functions. Translate into Russian.
- •VIII. Study the following sentences. Define forms of the Subjunctive Mood. Translate into Russian.
- •IX. Answer the questions:
- •X. Write out the sentences expressing the main idea of the text. Give the title to the text.
- •Antarctica: the world park?
- •Iceberg-a source of fresh water
- •Cold? Britain Is Actually Getting Hotter
- •The day of the dinosaur
- •The microscope
- •The basis of life in the sea
- •Yosemite
- •America's Last Great Wilderness
- •Список литературы:
Add 'few', 'a few', 'little', 'a little', as appropriate.
1. She had ___ interest in biotechnology.
___ biologists have studied this method of reproduction at Oxford University.
3. There's no blood left, but you can take ___ mucus for your investigation.
4. people have ever been to the North Pole.
5. There is hope of finishing the experiment this month.
6. These viruses have very ___ common characteristics.
7. They could find only ___ molds in that sample.
8. Prof. Silver is busy today, but he has ___ time to spare tomorrow.
TEXT 9.
Read and translate the following words:
to circulate through, to account for, readily, to spare, constituent, fraction, nutriment, convey, proper, carbon dioxide, fight off, adult.
Blood
Blood is the red fluid that circulates through the body by way of the blood vessels. It is a very complex substance, and more is constantly being learned about it. It is the flowing part of the circulatory system, which may be called the transportation system of the body.
The adult human body contains between 5 and 6 quarts of blood, weighing about 7 to 8 pounds and accounting for about 5% of the body weight. If about one-third of the blood is lost, death usually occurs (unless the blood is replaced). A pint of blood, however, can be readily spared at proper intervals. Blood in the arteries is bright red in color; blood in the veins is much darker, sometimes a brownish red.
Blood consists of many elements, liquid and solid. These include red and white blood cells, blood platelets, and blood plasma. The plasma is the liquid part of the blood, something over 90% water. In it are dissolved essential elements that have to be carried from one place to another. These include, for example, organic constituents, such as blood sugar (glucose) arid urea; inorganic elements, such as sodium and calcium; gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide; and secretions from the endocrine glands (hormones), antibodies, enzymes, and plasma proteins.
The plasma proteins make up about 7 to 8% of the plasma. By electrical methods developed during and after World War II, these proteins can be broken down into various fractions. Best known is the fraction called gamma globulin, which contains antibodies against several diseases, notably measles and polio.
Among the many specific functions of the blood are the following: (1) It transfers oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and the body cells; (2) It carries from the digestive system the nutriments that cells need and gets rid of their waste products via the kidneys and other organs of excretion; (3) It conveys hormones; (4) It helps regulate body temperature; (5) It provides substances that fight off infection.
Wordlist:
blood vessel - кровеносный сосуд
circulatory system - система кровообращения
quart - кварта (равна 1,14 л)
pound - фунт (англ. =453,6 г)
pint пинта (мера емкости=0,57л)
(blood) platelet - тромбоцит, кровяная пластинка
urea - хим. мочевина
globulin - глобулин (белковое вещество)
kidney - анат. почка
excretion - физиол. выделение
proper - правильный; надлежащий
LEARNING ACTIVITIES