general vocabulary
36
Opposites
Replace the words in bold in these sentences with a word from the box which has an opposite meaning.
VERBS
withdrew |
• fell • rewarded • loosened • refused (to let) • set |
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denied • |
deteriorated |
• abandoned • |
forbade • |
lowered |
demolished |
• retreated • |
refused • simplified |
• defended |
• rejected |
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1.They accepted the offer of a ceasefire.
2.He admitted telling lies in his original statement.
3.The army slowly advanced, leaving a trail of devastation in its path.
4.They agreed to meet to discuss the future of the organisation.
5.The minister attacked his party’s policies in a speech in Parliament.
6.The apartments blocks they built were the ugliest in the city.
7.He complicated matters by rewriting the original proposal.
8.They continued with their plans to assassinate the king when he opened the parliament.
9.He deposited £7,000 - half his college fees for the forthcoming year.
10.Relations between the two countries have improved considerably in the last year.
11.He permitted us to present our petition directly to the President.
12.The members of the commune were punished for their part in the revolution.
13.He raised the overall standards of the company within two months of his appointment.
14.As soon as the sun rose, the demonstrators began to appear on the streets.
15.Prices rose sharply in the first three months of the financial year.
16.As soon as he had tightened the knots, he pushed the boat out.
For reference, see the Easier English Dictionary for Students (978 0 7475 6624 3)
Opposites
ADJECTIVES
scarce |
• |
easy |
• |
approximate |
• |
dim |
• |
compulsory |
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delicate |
• |
innocent |
• |
detrimental |
• |
reluctant |
• |
crude |
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even |
• |
marked |
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• |
graceful |
• |
clear |
• |
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flexible |
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1.The meaning of his words was very ambiguous.
2.According to his colleagues, he’s a very awkward person to deal with.
3.When she first started dancing, she was very awkward.
4.His policies were beneficial to the economy as a whole.
5.We need exact figures before we embark on a new venture.
6.The jury decided he was guilty of the crime.
7.Add up all the odd numbers between 1 and 20 to get a result.
8.Despite the weather, supplies of food after the harvest were plentiful.
9.The laws protecting the green belt around the city are very rigid.
10.There is a slight difference in the way the company is run these days compared with a few years ago.
11.The device is very sophisticated and should only be operated by someone who is familiar with it.
12.The spices used in the production of some international dishes have a very strong flavour.
13.The strong light from the torch picked out details on the walls of the cave.
14.Attendance at afternoon classes should be voluntary.
15.A lot of students are willing to attend classes on Saturday morning.
Don’t forget to keep a record of the words and expressions that you have learnt, review your notes from time to time and try to use new vocabulary items whenever possible.
vocabulary general
37
For reference, see the Easier English Dictionary for Students (978 0 7475 6624 3)
general vocabulary
Addition, equation & conclusion
This module will help you to review more of the important words that we use to join ideas in an essay, a verbal presentation or sometimes in everyday speech (also see page 1 - Condition
- and page 9 - Contrast & comparison).
A. Put the following words and expressions into their correct place in the table depending on their function.
to |
sum |
up |
briefly |
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• |
it |
can |
be |
concluded |
that |
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• |
also |
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similarly |
• |
likewise |
• |
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besides |
• |
to |
conclude |
• |
too |
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in |
addition |
• |
in |
brief |
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• |
in |
the |
same |
way |
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• |
thus |
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what’s |
more |
• |
furthermore |
• |
moreover |
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• |
along |
with |
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to |
summarise |
• |
as |
well |
as |
• |
therefore |
• |
correspondingly |
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Addition |
Equation |
Conclusion |
(For example: and) |
(For example: equally) |
(For example: in conclusion) |
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B. Complete these sentences with one of the words or expressions from above. In most cases, more than one answer is possible.
1.Tourism brings much-needed money to developing countries. __________________________ , it provides employment for the local population.
2.__________________________ bringing much-needed money to developing countries, tourism provides employment for the local population.
3.Tourists should respect the local environment. __________________________ they should respect the local customs.
4.__________________________ industrial waste, pollution from car fumes is poisoning the environment.
5.In order to travel, you need a passport. __________________________ , you might need a visa, immunisation jabs and written permission to visit certain areas.
6.Drugs are banned in Britain - __________________________ weapons such as guns and knives.
7.All power corrupts. __________________________ , absolute power corrupts absolutely.
8.You shouldn’t smoke, drink, take drugs or eat unhealthy food. __________________________ , you should live a more healthy lifestyle.
9.The ozone layer is becoming depleted, the air in the cities is becoming too dirty to breathe and our seas and rivers are no longer safe to swim in. __________________________ pollution is slowly destroying the planet.
10.Your grades have been very poor for the past two years. __________________________ you need to work really hard if you want to pass your exams next month.
38
For reference, see the Easier English Dictionary for Students (978 0 7475 6624 3)
Task commands
Look at the list of tasks in the first list. In particular, look at the words in bold, which are telling the writer/speaker what he/she must do. Match these words with a suitable definition of the task command in the second list. Two of these definitions can be used more than once.
1. |
Account for the increased use of technology in modern society. |
______ |
2. |
Analyse the effects of climactic change around the world. |
______ |
3. |
Assess the improvements you have made in your English since you started using this book. |
______ |
4. |
Compare the lifestyles of young people in Britain and young people in your country. |
______ |
5. |
Define the word ‘hope’. |
______ |
6. |
Demonstrate the different features of this computer. |
______ |
7. |
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of growing up in a single-parent family. |
______ |
8. |
Elaborate on your feelings about capital punishment. |
______ |
9. |
Estimate the costs of setting up a website for the company. |
______ |
10. |
Evaluate how useful our class visit to the Bank of England was. |
______ |
11. |
Examine the causes of global warming. |
______ |
12. |
Explain the sudden interest in old-fashioned toys such as yo-yos. |
______ |
13. |
Identify the person who attacked you. |
______ |
14. |
Illustrate the problems the National Health Service is currently facing. |
______ |
15. |
Justify your reasons for refusing to help me. |
______ |
16. |
Outline the history of the motor car in the last fifty years. |
______ |
17. |
Predict the changes that we are going to see in information technology in the next ten years. ______ |
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18. |
Suggest ways in which you can become a more efficient student. |
______ |
19. |
Summarise your feelings towards a united Europe. |
______ |
20. |
Trace the development of nuclear technology from its earliest days. |
______ |
A.Describe what you think can be done in order to achieve something.
B.Tell in advance what you think will happen.
C.Explain, with real examples, why something has happened or is happening.
D.Give a brief history of something, in the order in which it happened.
E.Give the meaning of something.
F.Talk about something with someone else, or write about it from different viewpoints.
G.Calculate (but not exactly) the value or cost of something.
H.Give a broad description of something without giving too much detail.
I.Explain something closely and scientifically.
J.Write or talk about the different aspects (e.g., causes, results) of something.
K.Explain something in more detail than you did previously.
L.Look at two things side by side to see how they are similar or different.
M.Explain something in a few main points, without giving too much detail.
N.Say why something has happened.
O.Show or prove that something is right or good.
P.Show how something works, usually by physically operating it so that the other person knows what it does and how it works.
Q.Give a physical description of somebody.
R.Calculate the value of something.
vocabulary general
39
For reference, see the Easier English Dictionary for Students (978 0 7475 6624 3)