Grammar exercises
Passive voice forms
II.
with; 2. by; 3. with; 4. with; 5. by; 6. by; 7. by; 8. with
III.
are needed, be signed; 2. won’t be overheard; 3. is never answered, are kept, have been written; 4. had been watered, had been cut; 5. is suspected, has been arrested, is being questioned, will be identified; 6. was being re-organised, had been moved; 7. has been stolen;8. has been promoted; 9. is being redecorated; 10. had not been offered; 11. have been told; 12. were being cut; 13. are cured
IV.
She is being taken care of by her friends.
This film is being talked much about.
He can be relied on.
Such behavior can’t be approved of.
He was operated on two days ago.
Your essays will be looked through this week.
The tickets have just been paid for. They will be delivered to you.
She was named after her grandmother.
This professor’s lectures are always listened to with great interest.
The child will be looked after while you are away.
V.
My neighbor is very proud of her new grandson who was born last week.
I’m very fond of this old brooch because it belonged to my grandmother.
I’m afraid I can’t lend you my bike. It’s being repaired this week.
If you aren’t careful with the hammer, someone will be hurt.
When did you discover that the money had disappeared?
Children under the age of seven are not allowed in this pool.
The film is based on a famous novel.
You will be taken to your hotel by taxi.
Seat belts must be worn at all times.
Oh, no! Our flight has been cancelled.
VII.
It is known that Frank has admitted his mistake. Frank is known to have admitted his mistake.
It is expected that the CEO will have come back by the time of the meeting. The CEO is expected to come back by the time of the meeting.
It is said that there is an underpass connecting these two buildings. These two buildings are said to be connected by an underpass.
It is reported that two people were injured in the explosion. Two people are reported to have been injured in the explosion.
It is believed that fruit is good for health. Fruit is believed to be good for health.
It is thought that the burglars broke into the house through the window. The burglars are thought to have broken into the house through the window.
It is reported that the shopping centre was badly damaged by the fire. The shopping centre is reported to have been badly damaged by the fire.
It is alleged that the criminal was wearing a black mask. The criminal was alleged to be wearing a black mask.
It is expected that the company will go bankrupt next year. The company is expected to go bankrupt next year.
It is known that this fund was established ten years ago. The fund is known to have been established ten years ago.
Defining / Non-Defining Relative clauses
VIII.
2. Brian, who is still at school, is the captain of our local team. (not essential)
3. London, which is the capital of England, attracts many foreign visitors. (not essential)
4. The man whose wife is seriously ill is very sad (essential)
5. This parrot, which comes from Africa, is a clever mimic. (not essential)
6. The children who play with my son are coming round for tea. (essential)
7. Brighton, where my cousin lives, has a famous pier. (not essential)
8. English weather, which is often bad, is the subject of many conversations. (not essential)
9. The woman whose car was stolen last night has called the police. (essential)
10. Kate’s job, which involves working long hours, makes her very tired. (not essential)
11. George, who is American, is the best student in our class. (not essential)
12. The soldier who fought the most bravely is being awarded a medal. (essential)
13. The house where/in which my grandparents lived is being demolished. (essential)
14. Their argument, which continued throughout the night, was finally resolved. (not essential)
15. The Sussex coast, which is in the south of England, is very beautiful. (not essential)
16. Not everybody who is coming to my party is bringing me a present. (essential)
17. California, which is on the west coast of America, attracts actresses, surfers and musicians. (not essential)
18. This cake, which I bought yesterday, tastes delicious. (not essential)
IX.
2. who/that (S not omitted)
3. which/that (O can be omitted)
4. who/that (O can be omitted)
5. who/that (S not omitted)
6. which/that (O can be omitted)
7. which/that (S not omitted)
8. who/that (S not omitted)
9. which/that (O can be omitted)
10. which/that (O can be omitted)
11. which/that (S not omitted)
12. who/that (S not omitted)
13. which/that (O can be omitted)
14. who/that (O can be omitted)
15. which/that (O can be omitted)
16. who/that (S not omitted)
X.
2. This ice cream, which comes from Italy, is delicious. ND omitted
3. The town where I grew up was very small. D not omitted
4. James, whose hobby is rock climbing, has broken his leg. ND omitted
5. The sweater which/that Jenny bought me is too big. D not omitted
6. The subjects which/that I am studying are very difficult. D not omitted
7. The school where I first went has closed down. D not omitted
8. The country which/that I want to visit most of all is China. D not omitted
9. Angela, whose best friend lives in Madrid, has gone on holiday to Spain. ND omitted
10. The boutique which/that is by my house is having a sale. D not omitted
11. The book which/that I’m reading is very exciting. D not omitted
12. Miss Hunter, who works at the bank, has been promoted. ND omitted
13. Terry, whose father is also a mechanic, has just repaired our car. ND omitted
XI.
2. That’s the beach where I used to go swimming.
3. Steven lives in Bradford, which is a city in the north of England.
4. July was the month when my sister was born.
5. This is my new coat, which I bought in yesterday’s sale.
6. This is the factory where my father used to work.
7. That’s the man whose wife is a famous actress.
8. America is the country where the best hamburgers are made.
9. Jo is an actress who has just finished making her first film.
10. That’s the dog which/that always barks when you approach it.
11. 1966 was the year when a great fire destroyed much of London.
12. Christmas is the time when people buy each other presents.
13. Sheena is a pop star, who had a hit record last year.
14. Smoking is a bad habit, which causes many deaths every year.
15. These are the children whose mother is a policeman.
16. That’s the hospital where I had an operation.
XII.
2. The film about which I’m writing was made in 1958.
The film (which/that) I’m writing about was made in 1958.
3. She’s the girl about whom they were talking.
She’s the girl (whom/who/that) they were talking about.
4. That’s the restaurant where/to which we go every Saturday.
That’s the restaurant (which/that) we go to every Saturday.
5. This is the island where/on which we spent our holiday.
This is the island (which/that) we spent our holiday on.
6. These are the Joneses with whom we went to the theatre.
These are the Joneses (who/whom/that) we went to the theatre with.
7. That’s the hotel (that/which) we used to stay at every summer.
That’s the hotel where/at which we used to stay every summer.
8. It’s Mr Smith from whom I got all the information.
It’s Mr Smith who/whom I got all the information from.
9. This is the knife which he cut the bread with.
This is the knife with which he cut the bread.
10. Mrs Andrews is the woman from whom I’ve received a letter.
Mrs Andrews is the woman whom/who/that I’ve received a letter from.
XIII.
It was a lovely experience which I will never forget. I stayed with Louise, who is my French cousin. She introduced me to Pierre, whose knowledge of Paris is amazing. I loved the boulevards, which are so wide and elegant. The Eiffel Tower is, of course, a great sight that/which is famous all over the world. My favourite building, however, was the Invalides, which was built in the 17th century. At the end of the week I thanked Pierre, who had been very kind.