978-3-8484-4254-6 Изданный вариант менеджмент

ɜ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɧɟɬ ɧɢɱɟɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɫɟ ɫɭɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɟɥɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɬɢɩɵɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɤɬɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚ ɧɟɫɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɰɟɥɨɝɨ ɤ ɫɭɦɦɟ ɜɫɟɯ ɟɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɱɟɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɰɟɥɨɝɨ ɨɬ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɫɚɦɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɬɟɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɬɨ ɰɟɥɨɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨ ȼ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚɯ ɰɟɥɨɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɬ ɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɟɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ȼ ɧɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚɯ ɰɟɥɨɟ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ȼ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚɯ ɰɟɥɨɟ ɪɚɜɧɨ ɫɭɦɦɟ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɉɨ ɦɵɫɥɢ Ȼɨɝɞɚɧɨɜɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɛɵɜɚɟɬ ɬɚɤɨɜɨɸ ɧɟ ɜɨɨɛɳɟ ɧɟ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɨ ɚ ɥɢɲɶ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹɦ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɦ

ɋɪɟɞɢ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ Ȼɨɝɞɚɧɨɜ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɞɜɚ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɢɩɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɫɤɟɥɟɬɧɵɣ Ⱦɥɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɜɫɟ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ ɢɝɪɚɸɬ ɪɨɥɶ ɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɋɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɧɢɡɲɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɨɤ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚɦɢ Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɟ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɋɤɟɥɟɬɧɵɣ ɬɢɩ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɟɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɲɶ ɨɧ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɱɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɹ ɧɟɠɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɨɬ ɝɪɭɛɨɣ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ

ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɭ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɸɬɫɹ Ȼɨɝɞɚɧɨɜɵɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ

ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ Ʉ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɴɸɝɚɰɢɹ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɢɧɝɪɟɫɫɢɹ ɜɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɢ ɞɟɡɢɧɝɪɟɫɫɢɹ ɪɚɫɩɚɞ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɦ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟɦɩɨɞɛɨɪ ɡɚɢɦɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɢɡ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɦ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ȼ ɬɟɤɬɨɥɨɝɢɢ ©ɩɨɞɛɨɪɭªª ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɨɬɛɨɪɭ ɭɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɢɛɨ Ȼɨɝɞɚɧɨɜ ɫɱɢɬɚɥ ɱɬɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɮɨɪɦ ɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ Ɉɬɛɨɪ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɧ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɢɯ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɚɞɤɚ ȼ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɢ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɬɛɨɪɵ ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɜɫɸ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɭ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɉɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɬɛɨɪ ɭɫɥɨɠɧɹɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɪɚɡɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɵɬɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɢɣ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɬɛɨɪ ɭɩɪɨɳɚɟɬ ɷɬɨɬ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɹɟɬ ɢɡ ɧɟɝɨ ɜɫɟ ɧɟɩɪɨɱɧɨɟ ɧɟɫɬɪɨɣɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɜɨɟ ɜɧɨɫɢɬ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɢɜɚɹ ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ Ȼɨɝɞɚɧɨɜ ɫɱɢɬɚɥ ɱɬɨ ©ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɨɩɨɥɧɹɹ ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭɝɚ ɨɛɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɫɬɢɯɢɣɧɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɸɬ ɦɢɪª Ɋɨɫɬ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɜ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɭ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɬɜɚ

ɉɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ɪɹɞɚ ɭɱɟɧɵɯ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɟ ɪɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɬɟɤɬɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɫ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɛɳɟɧɚɭɱɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɤɚɤ ɤɢɛɟɪɧɟɬɢɤɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɥɢɡɦ ɬɟɨɪɢɹ ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮ ɫɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɚ ɢ ɬ ɩ ȼ ɬɟɤɬɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɢɞɟɹ ɢɡɨɦɨɪɮɢɡɦɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɛɚɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɤɢɛɟɪɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɨɛɳɚɹ ɬɟɨɪɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ Ȼɟɪɬɚɥɚɧɮɢ Ɍɟɤɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹɰɟɩɧɚɹ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɡɚɤɨɧ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɢɯ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɚ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ

ɜɟɪɧɵɦɢ ɫ ɤɢɛɟɪɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ȼ ɬɟɤɬɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɜɨɫɯɢɳɟɧɚ ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɢɞɟɣ ɤɢɛɟɪɧɟɬɢɤɢ ɢɞɟɹ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɜ ɬɟɤɬɨɥɨɝɢɢɛɢɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ

ɏɨɬɹ ɬɟɤɬɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɜɫɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɢɞɟɢ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɟ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɬɟɨɪɢɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɢ ɤɢɛɟɪɧɟɬɢɤɨɣ ɨɧɚ ɩɪɟɬɟɧɞɨɜɚɥɚ ɧɚ ɧɟɱɬɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɟɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ ɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɤɬɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ Ȼɨɝɞɚɧɨɜ ɨɲɢɛɨɱɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɥ ɨɛɳɟɧɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɤɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɟɤɬɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɤɚɤ ɜɫɟɨɛɳɢɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɫɬɨɥɶ ɠɟ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɚɤ ɢ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɢɟ ɬɟ ɠɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɦɨɝɭɳɢɟ ɩɪɟɬɟɧɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɡɚɦɟɧɭ ɭɫɬɚɪɟɜɲɟɣ ɢ ɧɟɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɧɨɣ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɢ Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɪɟɲɚɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɫɤɚɡɚɥɚɫɶ ɧɚ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɤ ɨɩɟɪɟɞɢɜɲɟɣ ɫɜɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɬɟɤɬɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɜɵɬɟɫɧɢɜ ɟɟ ɢɡ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɢɞɟɣ Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɬɟɤɬɨɥɨɝɢɸ ɤɚɤ ɧɚɭɤɭ ɨɛ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɨ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɫɜɹɡɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɚɥɨ ɧɟɨɬɴɟɦɥɟɦɨɣ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ

Ɍɟɨɪɢɢ ɥɢɞɟɪɫɬɜɚ

Ʌɢɞɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɚ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ Ʉ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɦ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɚ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɣ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɱɟɬ Ʌɢɞɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɚɤɰɟɧɬɢɪɭɟɬ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ

ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɚɯ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɯ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɡ

ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɨɜ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɥɢɞɟɪɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɞɟɪɨɜ ȼ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɟɨɪɢɣ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɞɟɪɫɬɜɚ

©ɋɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɬɟɨɪɢɹ ɥɢɞɟɪɫɬɜɚª ɢɥɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɚɹ ɬɟɨɪɢɹ ɥɢɞɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɥɢɞɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɦɟɠɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ Ʌɢɞɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɧɟ ɫ ɱɟɪɬɚɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɚ ɫ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɨɦ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɟɺ ɰɟɥɹɦɢ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɦɢ ɢ ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɥɢɞɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ Ɍɨɬ ɤɬɨ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɥɢɞɟɪɨɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɟɧ ɜ ɬɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɞɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɢɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɋɢɬɭɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɬɟɨɪɢɹ ɥɢɞɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɚɤɰɟɧɬɢɪɭɟɬ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ

ɩɨɞɛɨɪɚ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɢ ɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɄɚɧɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɬɟɨɪɢɹ ɥɢɞɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɜɵɞɜɢɝɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɩɥɚɧ ɩɪɢ

ɜɵɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɚ ɧɚ ɪɨɥɶ ɥɢɞɟɪɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɬɨɪɫɤɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɳɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɱɟɫɬɨɥɸɛɢɟ ɛɟɫɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ

Ɍɟɨɪɢɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ

ɘɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ ɷɬɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɜ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɦ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɟ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɱɟɬɤɢɟ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɤɚɤ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɰ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɟɪɚɡɞɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɢɦɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɧɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɢɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ȼ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɦ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɟ ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɚɦɢ ɤɚɤ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɥɢɰɚ

ɂɞɟɹ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɢɬɶ ɤɪɭɝ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɨɫɨɛɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɫɨɸɡɨɜ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɥɚ ɜɨ,, ± ,ɞ ɧ ɷ ɛɭɪɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ

ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɫɪɟɞɢɧɵ ɤɨɧɰɚ ;,; ɜɟɤɚ ɞɚɥɢ ɦɨɳɧɵɣ ɬɨɥɱɨɤ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɰɚɯ ɉɨɹɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ ɤɚɤ ɋɚɜɢɧɶɢ ɂɟɪɢɧɝ Ƚɢɪɤɟ Ⱦɟɪɧɛɭɪɝ ɋɚɥɥɟɣɥɶ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɟɦɟɰɤɢɯ ɢ ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɫɤɢɯ ɰɢɜɢɥɢɫɬɨɜ

ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɈɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɟɬ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɹ ɢɯ ɜɨɥɸ ɜ ɜɨɥɸ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɹ ɟɣ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɜ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɦ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɟ ɨɬ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɦɟɧɢɈɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɨɜ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ ɜ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɚɤɚɹ ɟɝɨ

ɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɚɤɰɢɨɧɟɪɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɨɣ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɨɜ ɛɟɡ ɱɟɝɨ ɧɟɦɵɫɥɢɦɚ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɚɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ

Ɉɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɢɫɤɚ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɶ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɢɫɤ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚ ɫɭɦɦɨɣ ɜɤɥɚɞɚ ɜ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɨɦ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɝɢɛɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ

ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɥɢɰɭɉɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ± ɷɬɨ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɩɪɢɫɭɳɢɟ ɟɦɭ

ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɟ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɚ ɜɫɟ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɦɨɝɥɚ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ Ʉ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ

Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɜ ɱɟɬɤɨɣ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɟɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɬɨɦɭ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɹ

ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɟɞɢɧɭɸ ɜɨɥɸ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ

Ɉɛɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɬɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɨɬ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɥɢɰɟ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ

ɋɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɧɟ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɬ ɩɨ ɟɝɨ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɦ ɚ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ ɧɟ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɩɨ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɦ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ

ȼɵɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɦ ɨɬ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɱɬɨ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɥɢɰɭ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɨɬ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɬɶ ɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɧɟɫɬɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɢɫɬɰɨɦ ɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɱɢɤɨɦ ɜ ɫɭɞɟ ɗɬɨ ɢɬɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɢ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɬɚ ɰɟɥɶ ɪɚɞɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɧɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ȼ ;,; ɜɟɤɟ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɪɹɞ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɨɪɢɣ

ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɧɚɭɱɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɞɢɫɤɭɫɤɭɫɫɢɢ ± ɷɬɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɨ ɬɨɦ ɤɬɨ ɢɥɢ ɱɬɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɬ ɟ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɨɦ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ

ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɨɬɜɟɬɚ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɱɬɨ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɡɚ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟɦ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɞɜɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɸɳɢɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɤɨɟɝɨ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɫɨ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɸɳɢɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ

Ʉ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ Ɏ Ʉ ɋɚɜɢɧɶɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɜɲɚɹ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ©Ɍɟɨɪɢɢ ɮɢɤɰɢɢª ɉɨ ɜɡɝɥɹɞɚɦ Ɏ Ʉ ɋɚɜɢɧɶɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ

ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟɦ ɜɨɥɟɣ ɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶ ɜ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɟɬ ɡɚ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɥɢɰɚɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɥɢɰɟɬɜɨɪɹɟɬ ɢɯ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɪɢɛɟɝɚɹ ɤ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɢɤɰɢɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɜɵɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɚɛɫɬɪɚɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ Ɍɟɨɪɢɹ Ⱥ Ȼɪɢɧɰɚ ɫɯɨɠɚ ɫ ɬɟɨɪɢɟɣ ɮɢɤɰɢɢ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɟɬ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ Ⱥ Ȼɪɢɧɰɚ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɥɢɲɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɬ ɟ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɧɢ ɱɬɨ ɢɧɨɟ ɤɚɤ ɫɚɦɨ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ

ȼɬɨɪɚɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɬɟɨɪɢɣ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɢɡ ɬɟɡɢɫɚ ɨ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɰ ɤɚɤ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɚ ɧɟ ɜɵɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɢɤ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɨɪɢɢªɈ Ƚɢɪɤɟ ɭɩɨɞɨɛɥɹɥ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɹ ɟɝɨ ɤɚɤ ɧɟɤɭɸ ɫɨɸɡɧɭɸ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɨɬɥɢɱɧɵɣ ɨɬ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɫɨɸɡɟ ɥɸɞɟɣ

ɋɚɥɥɟɣɥɶ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɜɲɢɣ©ɪɟɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɬɟɨɪɢɸªɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɡɚɹɜɥɹɥ ɨ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɰ ɤɚɤ ɨɫɨɛɵɯ ɫɭɶɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɧɟɫɜɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɤ ɫɭɦɦɟ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɨɜ ɫɭɦɟɜ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɰ ɩɪɢɫɭɳɟɣ ɜɡɝɥɹɞɚɦ Ɉ Ƚɢɪɤɟ

ȼ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ɰɢɜɢɥɢɫɬɢɤɟ ɜɨɡɨɛɥɚɞɚɥɨ ɩɪɚɝɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɦɧɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ©ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɬɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɩɨɩɵɬɨɤ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚ ɨ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɥɢɰɟ ɧɢɱɟɝɨ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɥɟɝɱɟ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɩɵɬɤɢ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɨ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɧɢɱɟɝɨ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɛɟɫɩɥɨɞɧɨɝɨª ȼ±ɝɨɞɵ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɯ ɰɢɜɢɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɫɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɧɚ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɤɚɤ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɰ ȼ

ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɣ ɰɢɜɢɥɢɫɬɢɤɟ ɜɨɡɨɛɥɚɞɚɥɚ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ ɱɬɨ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɥɸɞɫɤɢɦ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɨɦ ȼ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɪɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɬɪɚɤɬɨɜɤɢ

©Ɍɟɨɪɢɹ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɚªɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɚɹ Ⱥ ȼ ȼɟɧɟɞɢɤɬɨɜɵɦ ɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɢɡ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɢ ɫɥɭɠɚɳɢɯ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɫɟɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɋɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɜɡɝɥɹɞɵ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɋ ɇ Ȼɪɚɬɭɫɶ Ɉ ɋ ɂɨɮɮɟ ɢ ȼ ɉ Ƚɪɢɛɚɧɨɜ

©Ɍɟɨɪɢɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚªɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɚɹ ɋ ɂ Ⱥɫɤɧɚɡɢɟɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɨ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɡɚ ɤɚɠɞɵɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɟɦ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤ ɟɝɨ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ±ɫɚɦɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɥɸɞɫɤɨɣ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɫɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɤ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɨɦɭ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɭ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ± ɷɬɨ ɫɚɦɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ

©Ɍɟɨɪɢɹ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪɚª ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɥɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ ɘ Ʉ Ɍɨɥɫɬɨɝɨ ɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɢɡ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨ ɝɥɚɜɧɚɹ ɰɟɥɶ ɧɚɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɚɜɚɦɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ±ɷɬɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɜ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɦ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɟ ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪ ɭɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɟɧ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɬ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɚ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɨɧ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɰɟɥɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ

ȼ ɟ ɝɨɞɵ ;,; ɫɬɨɥɟɬɢɹ ɜ ɋɋɊ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɨɪɢɹ©ɩɟɪɫɨɧɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚª ȿɟ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɤɢ ɫɱɢɬɚɥɢ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɟɞɢɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɢɦ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɦ Ɂɧɚɱɢɬ ɨɛɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ȿɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶ ɢ

ɩɟɪɫɨɧɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɟɬ ɧɚɞɟɥɹɹ ɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɚ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɚɜɚɦɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ

ȼ ɩɹɬɢɞɟɫɹɬɵɟ ɝɨɞɵ ;; ɫɬɨɥɟɬɢɹ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɚ ɬɟɨɪɢɹ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɤɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɹɫɶ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɬɚɰɢɟɣ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ ± ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɩɨɩɵɬɤɢ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɥɸɞɫɤɨɣ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬ ɗɬɚ ɬɟɨɪɢɹ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɚɹ ɜ ɰɢɜɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɭɤɟ ɤɚɤ ɬɟɨɪɢɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɰ ȿɟ ɩɪɢɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ Ⱦ Ɇ Ƚɟɧɤɢɧ ɢ Ȼ Ȼ ɑɟɪɟɩɚɯɢɧ ɉɪɨɬɢɜɧɢɤɢ ɷɬɨɣ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɧɟ ɛɟɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɥɢ ɧɚ ɬɨ ɱɬɨ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɰɢɜɢɥɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɧɟ ɜɫɹɤɚɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɟɫɬɶ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ Ⱥ ɷɬɭ ɡɚɞɚɱɭ ɬɟɨɪɢɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɤɚɤ ɧɟ ɫɬɚɜɢɬ

Ɍɟɨɪɢɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ Ɉ Ⱥ Ʉɪɚɫɚɜɱɢɤɨɜ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɥɟɠɚɬ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɫɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɟɞɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɧɝɚɠɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɜ ɤɨɪɵɫɬɧɵɯ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ

Ɍɟɨɪɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ Ⱥ Ⱥ ɉɭɲɤɢɧ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɟɟ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɫ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɨɣ ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɱɟɦ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɟɟ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ Ⱦɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɷɬɨ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɢɯ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɞɟɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɚ Ɉɞɧɢ ɫɜɨɢɦɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɸɬ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬ ɞɥɹ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɭɠɟ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜ ɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ

Ɉɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɦ

ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɩɪɚɜ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɨɜ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɟɡ ɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ȼ ɬɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɜ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɯ ɫɥɭɠɟɛɧɵɦɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɜ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɠɟ ɦɟɪɟ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɡɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɧɨ ɧɟɫɟɬ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ

Ƚɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɞɚɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɉɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɬɱɚɫɬɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜ ɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɪɟɪɨɝɚɬɢɜɚ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ Ɉɪɝɚɧ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ±ɷɬɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɬɟɪɦɢɧ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɳɢɣ ɥɢɰɨ ɟɞɢɧɨɥɢɱɧɵɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɢɥɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɭ ɥɢɰ ɤɨɥɥɟɝɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɵ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɛɟɡ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɬɨ ɭɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɣ ɛɟɡ ɞɨɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɜɨɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɫɟɛɹ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ

ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɫɞɟɥɨɤ ɫ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɫ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɣ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɟɫɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɚɹ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚ ɡɧɚɥɚ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɜɟɞɨɦɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɡɧɚɬɶ ɨ ɬɚɤɨɦ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ

ȼ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɬɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ±ɷɬɨ ɫɮɟɪɚ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɜ ɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ȼ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɱɥɟɧɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɭɠɟ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜ ɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ