english 2 курс материалы в помощь / Muster list
.docEMERGENCY PLAN (MUSTER LIST)
The ship and the seafarer can encounter many different types of emergencies.They can arise from various causes:
Fire/Explosion can arise due to failure or faulty operation of the equipment, by self-ignition caused by carelessness with open fire or smoking in the bunk.
Collision can be caused by failure of machinery or rudder, insufficient watchkeeping or navigation faults.
Grounding or stranding can be caused by navigation faults, failure of machinery or rudder, bad weather or the ship dragging its anchor.
Leakage occurs when the ship’s hull, deck or hatches are damaged.
Icing can be dangerous for smaller vessels. It reduces stability of the vessel, possibly resulting in capsizing.
Man-over-board. To rescue a person fallen overboard, a fast and efficient action is required from the crew.
The above mentioned emergencies present danger to human lives. Most of them can lead to abandoning and loss of the ship.
In order to cope with an emergency situation in the best way, it is necessary to plan ahead. Muster lists, or Emergency plans shall be placed on board all ships according to SOLAS. ML are drawn out to instuct each crew member what to do in an emergency. ML differ from ship to ship depending on the company, type of ship and the size of the crew. ML specify in detail the alarm signals, the actions of the crew members on hearing the alarms, muster stations and the location of various equipment.
ML are displayed in the navigating bridge, the officers’ and crew’s messrooms and smoking rooms, at the control stations of the engine room and at any other position where the Muster decides necessary for the crew to see. There must be specific instructions for each crew member in his cabin in English and his mother tongue. The instuctions specify: 1. The general fire and lifeboat alarm signals 2. What action is to be taken on hearing these signals 3. The crew member’s assigned duties. (In case if he isn’t assigned, he shall be available at the muster station and to the Master or the officer in charge).
ML shall be studied by all crew members carefully to clearly understand what his duties are in case of emergency. Make sure you know the answers to the following questions: 1. What is my task? Do I understand what to do? 2. Where do I have to arrive? 3. Where is the equipment to be used? 4. Who gives the orders? 5. Whom shall I report to? 6. What are the alarm signals of the ship?
To better get prepared for an emergency, drills are held on board each vessel. During drills malfunctioning equipment can be found. You can also ask questions as to your duties . During an emergency there is no time to answer questions. Various drills take place at least once a month. Each abandon ship drill shall include the following actions: 1.Summoning the crew and the passengers at the muster stations 2.Reporting to stations and preparing for their duties 3. Making sure the lifejackets are donned correctly 4. Lowering at least one lifeboat 5. Starting and operating the engine At least once every three months each lifeboat must be launched with its assigned operating crew aboard and manoeuvred in the water.
The General Emergency Signal is seven or more blasts followed by one long blast on the ship’s whistle and is supplemented by the electrically operated bell or klaxon. The sound shall be heard even in the remotest spaces of the ship. On hearing this signal you must don your lifejacket and proceed to the muster station, unless you are given specific duties, i.e. closing watertight doors. However this signal doesn’t mean ‘Abandon the ship’. Although lifeboats must be prepared and lowered to the embarkation deck, they must not be embarked. The order ‘Abandon the ship’ is given by the Master verbally thruogh the public addresser or any available loudspeaker. After the order ‘Abandon the ship’ is given lifeboats are lowered onto the water.
Upon outbreak of fire immediately get in touch directly or by telephone with the duty officer on the bridge, the duty officer in the engine room or press the fire alarm button. Fire alarm signals are sounded by means of alarm bells and alarm sirens both activated by depression of the fire alarm button. Bells and sirens will operate continuously until stopped from the bridge. On hearing the fire emergency signal each crew member shall proceed to the assigned muster station and carry out the assigned duties. However the watchkeeping officers and crew on deck and in the engine room including helmsman and lookout shall remain at their stations until relieved or until driven away by the fire.
There are basic rules to fire extinction: 1. Limit spreading of the fire 2. Cool the material on fire 3. Cut off air supply Firefighters should work in teams of two (where possible), and a fire hose is to be handled by at least two men. When entering spaces on fire an additional hose should be kept ready for assistance. Air supply to compartments on fire must be cut off or reduced.
Fire drills shall take place each month to practise procedures and the use of fire-fighting equipment.