Contents

Preface

Part I

Introduction

1.1

1.2

The Object of Lexicology and Its Relationship to Other Branches of Linguistics

Methods and Procedures of Lexicological Analysis

Part II

The Structure of the English Lexicon

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

Words and their Associative Fields

Word Families

Word Classes

Semantic, or Lexical, Fields

Part III

Synchronic and Diachronic Approaches to the Structure of the English Vocabulary

3.1

3.1.1

3.1.2

3.2

3.2.1

3.2.2

3.2.3

3.2.4

3.2.5

3.2.6

Synchronic Approach to the Structure of the English Vocabulary

Common, Literary, and Colloquial Layers

Neologisms

Diachronic Approach: Etymological Survey of the English Word-Stock

Definition of Etymology

English Lexemes of Native Origin

Borrowed, or Loan, Lexemes

Classification of Borrowings according to the Degree of Assimilation

Etymological Doublets and Triplets

Folk Etymology

Part IV

The Word

4.1

4.2

4.2.1

4.2.2

4.2.3

4.2.4

4.2.5

4.2.6

4.2.7

4.2.8

4.2.9

Defining a Word

Morphological Structure of Words

Free and Bound Morphemes

Roots and Affixes

Stems

Types of Affixes

Derivational and Functional Affixes

Cliticization

Internal Change/Alternation

Suppletion

Reduplication

Part V

Word-Formation

5.1

5.2.1

5.2

5.3

5.3.1

5.3.2

5.4

5.5

5.6

5.7

5.8

5.9

5.10

Derivation/Affixation

Types of Derivational Affixes

Stress and Tone Placement

Compounding

Classification of Compounds

Endocentric and Exocentric Compounds

Reduplication

Conversion

Blending

Eponyms

Backformation

Clipping

Acronyms and Abbreviations

Part VI

Semantics

6.1

6.2

6.3

6.3.1

6.3.2

6.3.3

6.3.4

6.3.5

6.3.6

6.4

6.5

Types of Semantics

Word Meaning

Types of meaning

Grammatical Meaning

Lexical Meaning

Denotative Meaning

Connotative Meaning

Differential Meaning

Distributional Meaning

Phonetic, Morphological, and Semantic Motivation of Words

Semantics and Change of Meaning

Part VII

Sense Relations

7.1

7.2

7.3

7.4

7.5

7.6

7.7

Similarity of Sense

Oppositeness of Sense

Sense Categories: Hyponymy

Sense Categories: Meronymy

Related Senses

Unrelated Senses: Homonymy

Semantic Deviance

Part VIII

Word Groups and Phraseology

Elena Arsentiewa

8.1

8.2

8.3

8.4

8.5

8.6

8.6.1

8.6.2

8.7

8.8

8.9

8.9.1

8.9.2

Basic Features of Word-groups

Phraseology

Definition of a Phraseological Unit

The Criteria of Phraseological Units

Classification of Phraseologisms

The Origin of Phraseological Units

Native Phraseological Units

Borrowed Phraseological Units

Semantic Structure of Phraseological Units

Phraseological Meaning

Semantic Relations of Phraseological Units

Similarity of Sense

Oppositeness of Sense

Part IX

Major Differences between American and British variants of the English Language

9.1

9.2

9.3

Differences in Vocabulary between AE and BE

Spelling Differences between AE and BE

Grammatical Differences between AE and BE

Part X

Lexicography

10.1

10.1.1

10.1.2

10.1.3

Main Types of Dictionaries

Non-linguistic Dictionaries

Linguistic Dictionaries

Non-alphabetical Dictionaries

Glossary