Vocabulary:

memory – память

to process – обрабатывать

binary – двойной, бинарный, двоичный

digit – цифра, число

representation – изображение

tointerpret– объяснить, перевести

pattern– образец, модель

character– знак, символ

randomaccessmemory(RAM) – оперативное запоминающее устройство (ОЗУ)

chip– микросхема

storagedevice– запоминающее устройство

external– внешний

floppydisk– гибкий магнитный диск, дискета

hard drive – жесткий диск

TEXT № 6. The Bus

TASK: Read and translate the following text. Learn the vocabulary by heart. Do you know another way of the bus usage? Describe this way?

The bus is usually a flat cable with numerous parallel wires. The bus enables the components in a computer, such as the CPU and memory, to communicate. Typically, several bits at a time are sent along the bus. For example, a 16-bit bus, with 16 parallel wires, allows the simultaneous transmission of 16 bits (2 bytes) of information from one device to another. (361)

Vocabulary:

bus – шина

wire – провод, шнур

CPU (Central Processing Unit) – ЦП (центральный процессор)

transmission – передача

TEXT № 7. Input Devices

TASK: Read and translate the following text. Learn the vocabulary by heart.

Input devices, such as a keyboard or mouse, permit the computer user to communicate with the computer. Other input devices include a joystick, a rodlike device often used by game players; a scanner, which converts images such as photographs into binary information that the computer can manipulate; a light pen_, which can draw on_, or select objects from, a computer's video display by pressing the pen against the display's surface; a touch panel, which senses the placement of a user's finger; and a microphone, used to gather sound information. (546)

Vocabulary:

to permit – позволять

to include – включать

rodlike device – устройство в виде стержня

placement – расположение

TEXT № 8. The Central Processing Unit

TASK: Read and translate the following text. Learn the vocabulary by heart. Retell Briefly this text. Give the synonyms of the word information. Compose orally three sentences with this words.

Information from an input device or memory is communicated via the bus to the central processing unit (CPU), which is the part of the computer that translates commands and runs programs. The CPU is a microprocessor chip—that is, a single piece of silicon containing millions of electrical components. Information is stored in a CPU memory location called a register. Registers can be thought of as the CPU's tiny scratchpad, temporarily storing instructions or data. When a program is run, one register called the program counter keeps track of which program instruction comes next. The CPU's control unit coordinates and times the CPU's functions, and it retrieves the next instruction from memory.

In a typical sequence, the CPU locates the next instruction in the appropriate memory device. The instruction then travels along the bus from the computer's memory to the CPU, where it is stored in a special instruction register. Meanwhile, the program counter is incremented to prepare for the next instruction. The current instruction is analyzed by a decoder, which determines what the instruction will do. Any data the instruction needs are retrieved via the bus and placed in the CPU's registers. The CPU executes the instruction, and the results are stored in another register or copied to specific memory locations. (1321)