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Введение в специальность СТ_doc

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В таблице приведены примеры других приставок, использующихся в английском языке.

при-

значение

 

примеры

auto-

самостоя-

autograph auto-pilot autobiography

bi-

дважды

 

bicycle

bilateral biannual bilingual

ex-

из

 

extract

exhale excommunicate

micro-

маленький

micro-cassette microwave microscopic

mis-

пло-

 

misunderstand mistranslate misinform

mono-

один/единстве

monotonous monologue monogamous

multi-

много

 

multi-national multi-purpose multi-media

over-

слишком

 

overdo

overtired oversleep overeat

post-

после

 

postwar postgraduate post-impressionist

pre-

до

 

preconceived pre-war pre-judge

pro-

в пользу

 

pro-government pro-revolutionary

re-

снова

или

retype

reread replace rewind

semi-

половина

 

semicircular semi-final semi-detached

sub-

под

 

subway

submarine subdivision

under-

недостаточ-

underworked underused undercooked

 

 

 

 

 

Суффиксы

Суффиксы существительных

-er, -or используются для названия человека, который выполняет какуюлибо деятельность или для обозначения приспособлений, при помощи которых выполняется какая-либо работа например: writer,worker,operator, supervisor.

pencil-sharpener,projector.

-er и -ee – могут быть противоположными по значению, означая человека, который делает что-либо сам (-er) и человека, который испытывает на себе какое-либо действие (-ee):employer/employee,sender/addressee.

-(t)ion/-sion/-ion используются для образования существительных из гла-

голов, например: complication pollution reduction alteration donation promotion admission

- -ism используется для выражения политических и идеологических убе-

ждений, например:Buddhism, journalism,Marxism.

-ist часто используется для обозначения иногда для обозначения профес-

сий, рода занятий, например: typist,physicist,terrorist,pianist.

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-ness используется для образования существительных из прилагательных,

например, goodness, readiness, forgetfulness, happiness, sadness, weakness. Прила-

гательные, заканчивающиеся на –y имеют–i- между корнем и суффиксом.

-ment, например,excitement,enjoyment, replacement. -ity, например, flexibility, productivity, scarcity. -hood, например,childhood,motherhood.

-ship, например,friendship,partnership,membership.

Суффиксы прилагательных

-able/-ible – имеют значение возможности совершения действия, обозна-

чаемого глаголом, например,drinkable,washable, readable. -ive, например,passive,productive,active.

-al, например, brutal,legal.

-ous, например,delicious,outrageous,furious. -ful, например,forgetful,hopeful,useful. -less, например, useless,harmless,homeless.

Суффиксыглаголов

-ise (или -ize) образуют глаголы от прилагательных, например: modernize,commercialise,industrialise.

-ify, например,beautify,purify,terrify.

-en, например,strengthen.

*One way to remember your growing technical vocabulary is to group words into sets, for example word families or word partners, words which go together.

Exercise 1. Fill in the missing words.

Verb Noun (subjects, Adjective

people, job, things)

 

adaptable

adjust

-

 

application

 

calculation

construct

 

52

 

consumer

 

 

 

convertible

 

depth

 

develop

 

-

 

diagnostics

 

distribute

 

 

-

 

electrical

-

electronics

 

estimate

 

 

 

 

hazardous

 

information

 

inspect

 

-

install

 

-

 

lubricant

 

 

 

magnetic

maintain

 

-

 

 

mechanical

perform

 

-

produce

 

 

 

regulation

-

resist

 

 

qualify

 

-

 

 

safe

 

separator

 

specialize

 

-

 

storage

 

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-

technical

 

tester

 

transportation

vaporize

 

 

width

Exercise 2. Each of these words is used with energy. Separate them into words which go before and words which come after energy.

change, chemical, conservation, conversion, electrical, heat, mechanical, nuclear, potential, solar

Exercise 3. Read the texts. Fill in the spaces using a suitable form of the given words.

Text A

Bamboo expert Jules Janssen is fond of the plant. Janssen is

1. botany

not a (1) _____ but a civil engineer. He works in a basement lab

2.

techno-

at the Eindhoven University of (2) _____ in Holland. While his

logical

 

colleagues are engaged in the finer points of better bridges and

3. think

faster freeways, he gives (3) _____ to the pleasing practicalities of

 

 

bamboo houses. Janssen believes that for building (4) _____

4. afford

housing in tropical countries, bamboo is usually best. It is stronger

5.

com-

than wood and brick, and concrete. Consider the (5) _____ test.

press

 

Compared with, say, concrete, bamboo can withstand twice as

6. contrast

much force bearing down on it. A short, straight column of bam-

boo with a top surface area of 10 square centimetres could support

7. tradition

an 11,000-pound elephant. In this regard, bamboo is as strong as

8. govern

steel. This is not to say that no one ever builds with bamboo. On

 

 

the (6) _____ : countries as geographically and culturally distinct

9. large

as New Guinea, Columbia, and Thailand have built (7) _____

10. consult

bamboo structures for centuries. But these are village-scale. Large

 

 

(8) _____-funded, bureaucracy-approved projects have been re-

 

 

 

 

 

54

luctant to embrace bamboo – until now, thanks (9) _____ to the efforts of Janssen and a group of international bamboo experts and enthusiasts. Since 1947, when aid workers in South Asia approached the Eindhoven University for advice on how to construct bamboo school roof, Janssen has volunteered his services as a (10) _____ to tropical countries seeking information on cultivating and building with bamboo. The largest of these efforts has been the National Bamboo Project in Costa Rica.

Text B

Dear Sir or Madam,

 

I read your (1) _____ in the International Business maga-

1. adver-

zine and I am writing for more information concerning entry (2)

tise

_____ for the course in the English Language.

2. require

 

Could you tell me what language (3) _____ are required? I

3. qualify

do not possess the First Certificate and would like to know if (4)

4. accept

_____ on the course depends on having the FCE?

 

In fact, as I am a (5) _____ for the international oil com-

5. account

 

pany I would be interested in a course which focuses on language

6. develop

(6) _____ for both social and (7) _____ purposes.

7. busy

I would also like to know the (8) _____ from the college to

8. distant

London and if (9) _____ at all classes is obligatory, or whether an

9. attend

occasional (10) for the purpose of travel be acceptable.

I look forward to hearing from you.

10. absent

Yours faithfully,

 

Marcus Fernandez

 

 

 

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