VIII. Write down the following sentences in the Indirect Speech.

1. "I have been in London for a month but so far I haven't had time to visit the Tower", said Rupert.

2. "Whose car did you borrow last night?" I said to him.

3. "Wear a wig if you don't want to be recognized", I advised him.

4. “From one of the windows of my flat I can see the Eiffel Tower", he said.

5. "Have you done this sort of work before?" said his new employer.

6. "Don't use bent coins in a slot machine", I warned him.

TEST III

Task 1. Read the text and answer in writing the questions that follow. Translate your answers into Russian.

British Constitution

In England there is no one document or fundamental body of law that can be described as a ‘constitution’. The absence of any such document or of distinction between public and private law has led the suggestion (perhaps first made by Alexis de Tocqueville) that there is no constitution in England. Unlike the US constitution the English constitution is not a systematic written statement of law and has no existence apart from the ordinary law; it is indeed part of that very law. The magna Carta, the Petition of Right, the Habeas Corpus Act, the Bill of Rights, and the Act of Settlement are the leading enactments; but they are in no sense a constitutional code; and, without a host of judicial decisions, other statutes of much less importance, and a mass of custom and convention, these statutes would be unworkable.

The sources of English constitutional law are statutes, judicial precedent, textbooks, law books, the writings of historians and political theorists, the biographies and autobiographies of statesmen, the columns of every serious newspaper, the minutiae of every type of government record and publication. This is what is meant by saying the English constitution is ‘unwritten’: it is not formally enacted; its rules have to be sought out in a dozen fields, not in any one code.

Similarly, it is flexible, and here the contrast is with a rigid constitution. There are no special safeguards for constitutional rules. Constitutional law can be changed, amended, or abolished just like any rule of private law. So the English constitution may be altered and in the past it has been altered, through a slow addition to custom, by an act of Parliament, or by judicial interpretation. There is no field in which Parliament is forbidden to legislate.

1. What is the structure of the British constitution?

2. Why is the British constitution considered to be flexible?

3. What are the sources of English constitutional law?

4. What is the difference between the British and American Constitutions?

Task 2. Use the proper form of the verb in the Active Voice. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. Our Republic (establish) friendly relations with many countries already.

2. I wonder if he (succeed) in his exams which he (take) in a month.

3. The accident (happen) yesterday.

4. Cultural relations between Belarus and other countries (develop) now and (develop) in the future.

5. The President of the Republic of Belarus (be) the Head of the state since 1994.

6. Read this article about the American constitution while I (do) the translation.

Task 3. Use the proper form of the verb in the Passive Voice. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. His leg (hurt) in an accident last month.

2. The Tower of London (use) as a prison centuries ago, and now it (use) as a museum.

3. The case (discuss) for a long time already.

4. A lot of enterprises (reconstruct) in our Republic now.

5. A bill must (pass) in the house of Commons, (adopt) in the House of Lords, and (give) royal assent by the sovereign.

6. His guilt (establish) by the police lately.

Task 4. Paraphrase the sentences starting with the given word. Translate these new sentences.

1. The Prime Minister forms the government.

The government …..

2. The Lords passed a money bill yesterday.

A money bill …..

3. The police have already arrested the criminal.

The criminal …..

4. Pine forests, numerous beautiful lakes cover the territory of Belarus.

The territory of Belarus …..

5. The jury is discussing the case now.

The case …..

6. The sovereign grants membership of the privy Council to eminent people of Britain.

Eminent people of Britain …..

Task 5. Put questions to the following statements starting them with the words in brackets. Mind the word order of interrogative sentences.

1. The British government includes about 20 the most important ministers. (how many?)

2. The Council of the Republic is the chamber of territorial representation. (what?)

3. The judge has passed the sentence already. (who?)

4. The Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus is a collective body. (what kind?)

5. A bill becomes an Act of Parliament after the Queen signs it. (when?)

6. In the USA the laws are made in Congress. (where?)

Task 6. Use the most suitable modal verb (must, can, may, should, have to, be able to) to complete the sentences and then translate them.

1. One ….. obey the law.

2. Don’t worry. You ….. use my phone to call the police.

3. The teacher says I ….. complete my project by Monday.

4. I think you ….. apologize.

5. I am sure he ….. enter Law College. He is a very hard-working boy.

6. The Committee ….. continue the discussion of the bill.

Task 7. Complete the sentences applying the rule of sequence of tenses.

1. I knew that she (be worried0 by the letter she (receive) on Monday.

2. The judge said that the witness (be given) a chance to explain the details of the case.

3. They announced that the Parliament (adopt) a new Bill already.

4. I was sure I (recognize) the woman when I (meet) her again.

5. The speaker stressed that the political situation in the country greatly (influence) the decision of the committee.

Task 8. Render the following passage into English.

В Великобритании не существует единого документа, который был бы официально признан конституцией страны. Однако существует неписанная конституция, состоящая из трех категорий: норм статутного права, норм прецедентного права, норм, представляющие собой прецедентные обычаи. Все эти категории составляют так называемую Британскую конституцию.