World around us –Student’s Book (2013-2014) unit 1: physical geography

TASK 1. Read the following quotations and decide how far you agree with all of them.

Geography frequently takes a back seat to history in the social studies classroom, but teaching geographic literacy is essential if students are going to understand the challenges and opportunities of our complex world. (an American geography school teacher)
The study of geography is about more than just memorizing places on a map. It's about understanding the complexity of our world, appreciating the diversity of cultures that exists across continents. And, in the end, it's about using all that knowledge to help bridge divides and bring people together. (Barak Obama, USA president)
War is God's way of teaching Americans geography. (Ambrose Bierce - an American journalist and short story writer)
Without geography, you're nowhere. (Jimmy Buffett, an American singer–songwriter)

Geography has made us neighbors. History has made us friends. Economics has made us partners, and necessity has made us allies. Those whom God has so joined together let no man put asunder. (John Fitzgerald Kennedy, 35th US President)

TASK 2. Fill in the gaps with the words and phrases from the box and read the definition of geography.

languages	natural features	oldest	discovery	scientific fields	politics
astronomy	major branches	related to	landscapes	basic components	water
impact	four spheres	humans	planet earth	mother of all sciences

The science of geography is likely the ______ (1) of all sciences. Geography is the answer to the question that the earliest ______ (2) asked, "What's over there?" Exploration and the ______ (3) of new places, new cultures, and new ideas have always been ______ (4) of geography. Thus, geography is often called the ""______ (5) as studying other people and other places led to other ______ (6) such as biology, anthropology, geology, mathematics, ______ (7), chemistry, among others.

Today, geography is commonly divided into two ______ (8) - cultural geography (also called human geography) and physical geography.

Cultural geography is the branch of geography dealing with human culture and its ______ (9) on the earth. Cultural geographers study ______ (10), religion, foods, building styles, urban areas, agriculture, transportation systems, ______ (11), economies, population and demographics, and more.

Physical geography is the branch of geography dealing with the ______ (12) of the earth, the home of humans. Physical geography looks at the ______ (13), air, animals, and land of the ______ (14), that is, everything that is part of the ______ (15) - the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere. Physical geography is closely ______ (16) geography's sister science - geology - but physical geography focuses more on the ______ (17) at the surface of the earth and not what is inside our planet.

TASK 3. Match the ‘land’ words with their definitions.

Part 1

1	a village	a	a large mass of land surrounded by sea
2	a desert	b	an area of land that is controlled by its own government, president, king
3	a jungle; jungles	c	a country considered as a political organization = a nation
4	a town	d	an area of a state or country that has its own government to deal with local matters
5	a state	e	a large town, that has been given an official title by a king or queen in Britain, or by the state government in the USA
6	a county	f	a large area with houses, shops, offices etc where people live and work, that is smaller than a city and larger than a village
7	a continent	g	a very small town in the countryside
8	a pole	h	the hottest part of the world, which is around the equator
9	a city	i	a thick tropical forest with many large plants growing very close together
10	a country	j	a large area of land where it is always very hot and dry, and there is a lot of sand
11	the tropics	k	the most northern or most southern point on a planet, especially, the Earth

Part 2

12	an altitude	l	the area close either to the North Pole or the South Pole
13	the Torrid Zone	m	an imaginary line drawn around the middle of the Earth that is exactly the same distance from the North Pole and the South Pole
14	steppe (the steppes)	n	a geographic coordinate that specifies the north or south position of a point on the Earth's surface
15	alpine tundra = аlpine meadows	o	a geographic coordinate that specifies the east or west position of a point on the Earth's surface
16	a hemisphere	p	the height of an object or place above the sea
17	a latitude = a parallel	q	a large area of land without trees, especially in Russia, Asia, and eastern Europe
18	the Temperate Zone	r	a vast treeless zone lying between the ice cap and the timber line of North America and Eurasia and having a permanently frozen subsoil
19	the Frigid Zone	s	the central latitude zone of the earth, between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn
20	a polar circle	t	either the northern or the southern half of the earth as divided by the equator, or the eastern or western half as divided by a meridian
21	a longitude = a meridian	u	a type of natural region that does not contain trees because it is at high altitude
22	tundra	v	parts of the earth's surface lying between the Arctic Circle and the tropic of Cancer and between the Antarctic Circle and the tropic of Capricorn
23	the Equator	w	the area between the Arctic circle and the north pole or between the Antarctic circle and the south pole

TASK 4. Seven parts of the sentences have been removed from the text. Fill in the gaps with parts of the sentences from A to H. There is one extra part of the sentence which you do not need to use.

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