- •Pregnancy
- •The endocrine glands and pregnancy
- •Why is hCG so important?
- •Relationship between hCG, estrogen, and progesterone
- •Placental secretion of Estrogen
- •Other Hormones During Pregnancy
- •Other Hormones During Pregnancy
- •Pregnancy
- •First Trimester
- •Second Trimester
- •Second Trimester – Breasts Dev
- •Third Trimester
- •Development of the Fetus
- •Germinal Stage – Week 1 & 2
- •Embryonic Stage – Week 2 to 8
- •Fetal Stage – 9 Weeks to Birth
- •The Effects of Pregnancy on the Mother
- •Effects of Pregnancy on the Mother
- •Effects of Pregnancy on the Mother
- •Effects of Pregnancy on the Mother
- •Effects of Pregnancy on the Mother
- •Childbirth (Partition)
- •Initiation of Labor
- •Stages of Labor
- •Stages of Labor
- •Stages of Labor
Other Hormones During Pregnancy
•Estrogen and Progesterone inhibit release of GnRH, FSH, & LH
•Prolactin levels increase during pregnancy
•Relaxin relaxes pelvic ligaments in preparation for parturition and also inhibits contractions in the uterus
–First two months comes from the corpus luteum in response to hCG
–Later in pregnancy relaxin is secreted by the endometrium
Other Hormones During Pregnancy
•Insulin release from the pancreas increases in response to a decreased sensitivity to insulin
–Gestational diabetes
•Aldosterone from adrenal glands promote sodium and water retention in the mother
•Cortisol from adrenal glands promote increased body fat and increased appetite
•Increased thyroid hormones T4 and T3 increase basal metabolic rate
–increased heart rate which increases the rate of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus
Pregnancy
•Usual gestation time is 280 days
•First Trimester – Month 1 to 3
•Second Trimester – Month 4 to 6
•Third Trimester – Month 7 to delivery
First Trimester
•Tiredness
•Nausea
•Vomiting
•Morning sickness
•Breast tenderness