Beginner one-piece
.pdfIndefinite Group of Tenses
Неозначенугрупучасіввживають |
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длявираженняді |
ї,щовідбувається |
теперішнь,минулочимайбутньомуч, сілевказуєнаїїхарактер,тривалість, |
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завершечипереіндшійістьабоуванняіїпевномумо ичитуулому |
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в |
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майбутньо.Дієслованеозначчасахможутьперенихклраїнськоюдатися |
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мовоюяк |
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дієсловамидоконаного |
, такінедоконаноговиду. |
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Present Indefinite (Simple) /Теперішнійнеозначенийчас
I Formation (Утворення) |
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to,втретій |
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Утворюєтьсязадопомогоюінфінітиваосновногодієсловабезч стки |
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особіоднини( |
he, she, it)дооснови |
дієсловадодз кінченняється |
–s.Дієслово to be |
змінюєтьсявідповідно( |
див.п.Дієслово |
) |
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to V, Vs / to be – am, is, are
I always drink black coffee in the morning. / He (she, it) often thinks about her. (Affirmative form)
Do you usually take a taxi to work? / Does he (she, it) know (no –s comes) anything about the country? (Interrogative form)
We don’t (do+not) play tennis in the evening. / He (she, it) doesn’t (does+not) read (no –s comes) much of classical literature. (Negative form)
II Usage (Вживання)
1. Длявиражен нязвичайної,повторюваноїдії теперішньому:
He gets up early as he is a taxi-driver. / Heavy trucks make a lot of noise.
2.Дії,яках рактеризуєпредметпостійно:
His dogs always attack the neighbors. / She misses you much when you leave.
3.Загальновідомихістин:
The Earth goes round the Sun. / A year has 12 months. / Water boils at 1000 C.
4.Запланованоїмайбутньоїдіїздієсл,щоознвруха: чаютьми
They move out tomorrow. / Do you leave this country next week?
IIITime-markers (Обставиничасу, часовімаркери)
Usually / often / always / seldom / sometimes (from time to time, occasionally) / rarely / constantly / never / every (day, week, month, year, century, weekend, time, summer, fall, etc.)
Past Indefinite (Simple)Минулий/ неозначенийчас
I Formation (Утворення)
Ванглійськіймопідчасвивчення |
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Past Simple слід виокремлювати двікатегорії |
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дієслів:правильні( |
regular)танеправильні( |
irregular)Прави. дієсутворюютьльніва |
Past |
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Simple додзаківанченняням |
–ed доосновидієсловабезча |
стки to, e.g. to play – played / to |
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travel – traveled,неправильнідієслутворюютьва |
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Past Simple по-різному (Список |
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неправильнихдієслів |
наведенонижче |
), e.g. to see – saw / to catch – caught. |
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дієслово to be змінюєтьсявідповідно. |
(див.п.Дієслово) |
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to VII (ed) / to be – was, were
Yesterday she ate all the sweets at home. / He was a good football player when he was young. (Affirmative form)
Did you sleep (VI) well last night? / Where did they travel (VI) last summer? (Interrogative form)
We didn’t (did+not) buy (VI) anything because we had no money left. / I didn’t call (VI) you because I lost your phone number. (Negative form)
II Usage (Вживання) |
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1. |
Длявираженняодноразовоїдії |
минулому: |
We entered the house in silence. / He met us at the station in time. |
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2. |
Рядупослідовнихдійуминулому: |
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He shut the window, switched off the light and went upstairs. / She took the dress, tried it on and paid cash.
3. Повторювандіїминул: омуї
I called her every day. / He made an entry in his diary every night.
III Time-markers (Обстчасу,часовімаркеривини)
Yesterday / the day before yesterday / last (night, week, month, year, century, summer, fall, weekend, etc.) / (a night, week, month, year, century, weekend, etc. ) ago
List of irregular verbs |
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Infinitive |
Past Simple |
Past Participle |
Translation |
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(Participle II) |
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to be |
was / were |
been |
бути |
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to beat |
beat |
beaten |
бити |
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to bear |
bore |
born |
нести,родити |
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to become |
became |
become |
ставати |
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to begin |
began |
begun |
починати |
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to bend |
bent |
bent |
згинати(ся) |
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to bet |
bet |
bet |
робитиставки, |
ся |
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заклад |
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to bite |
bit |
bitten |
кусати |
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to blow |
blew |
blown |
дути |
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to break |
broke |
broken |
розбивати,ламати |
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to bring |
brought |
brought |
приносити |
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to build |
built |
built |
будувати |
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to burst |
burst |
burst |
розр,вибухативатися |
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to buy |
bought |
bought |
купувати |
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to catch |
caught |
caught |
ловити,спіймати |
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to choose |
chose |
chosen |
вибирати |
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to come |
came |
come |
приходити |
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to cost |
cost |
cost |
коштувати |
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to cut |
cut |
cut |
різати |
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to deal |
dealt |
dealt |
матисправу |
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to dig |
dug |
dug |
копати |
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to do |
did |
done |
робити |
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to draw |
drew |
drawn |
малюолі( )ватицем |
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to drink |
drank |
drunk |
пити |
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to drive |
drove |
driven |
їхатиза(кермом) |
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to eat |
ate |
eaten |
їсти |
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to fall |
fell |
fallen |
падати |
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to feed |
fed |
fed |
годувати |
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to feel |
felt |
felt |
відчувати |
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to fight |
fought |
fought |
битися,боротися |
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to find |
found |
found |
знаходити |
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to fly |
flew |
flown |
літати |
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to forbid |
forbade |
forbidden |
забороняти |
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to forget |
forgot |
forgotten |
забувати |
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to forgive |
forgave |
forgiven |
пробачати |
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to freeze |
froze |
frozen |
замерзати |
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to get |
got |
got / gotten |
отримувати,діставати |
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to give |
gave |
given |
давати |
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to go |
went |
gone |
йти,їхати |
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to grow |
grew |
grown |
рости |
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to hang |
hung |
hung |
повисістра( ) тити |
to have |
had |
had |
мати |
to hear |
heard |
heard |
чути |
to hide |
hid |
hidden |
ховатися |
to hit |
hit |
hit |
вдарити,влуч ти |
to hold |
held |
held |
тримати,проводити |
to hurt |
hurt |
hurt |
кривдити,завдаватиболю |
to keep |
kept |
kept |
тримати,зберігати |
to know |
knew |
known |
знати |
to lay |
laid |
laid |
класти |
to lead |
led |
led |
вести |
to leave |
left |
left |
залишати |
to lend |
lent |
lent |
позичатикомусь( ) |
to let |
let |
let |
пускати,дозволяти |
to lie |
lay |
lain |
лежати |
to light |
lit |
lit |
освітлювати,запалювати |
to lose |
lost |
lost |
втратити |
to make |
made |
made |
робити |
to mean |
meant |
meant |
означати,матинамір |
to meet |
met |
met |
зустрічати |
to pay |
paid [pe1d] |
paid [pe1d] |
платити |
to put |
put |
put |
класти |
to read |
read [red] |
read [red] |
читати |
to ride |
rode |
ridden |
їхативерхи( ,навелосипеді) |
to ring |
rang |
rung |
дзвонити |
to rise |
rose |
risen |
вставати,підніматися |
to run |
ran |
run |
бігти |
to say |
said [sæd] |
said [sæd] |
говорити,сказати |
to see |
saw |
seen |
бачити |
to seek |
sought |
sought |
шукати |
to sell |
sold |
sold |
продавати |
to send |
sent |
sent |
посилати |
to set |
set |
set |
ставити,встановлювати |
to sew |
sewed |
sewn / sewed |
шити |
to shake |
shook |
shaken |
трясти |
to shine |
shone |
shone |
світи,сяяти |
to shoot |
shot |
shot |
стріляти,проростати |
to show |
showed |
shown |
показувати |
to shrink |
shrank |
shrunk |
скорочуватися,зсідатися |
to shut |
shut |
shut |
закривати |
to sing |
sang |
sung |
співати |
to sit |
sat |
sat |
сидіти |
to sleep |
slept |
slept |
спати |
to speak |
spoke |
spoke |
говорити |
to spend |
spent |
spent |
витрачати |
to split |
split |
split |
розщеплювати,ділити |
to spread |
spread |
spread |
поширювати |
to spring |
sprang |
sprung |
стр,виникатибати |
to stand |
stood |
stood |
стояти |
to steal |
stole |
stolen |
(у)красти |
to stick |
stuck |
stuck |
приклеювати,встромляти |
to sting |
stung |
stung |
жалити |
to stink |
stank |
stunk |
смердіти |
to strike |
struck |
struck |
бити,вдарибастувати, |
to swear |
swore |
sworn |
клястися |
to sweep |
swept |
swept |
мести |
to swing |
swung |
swung |
гойдатися |
to take |
took |
taken |
брати |
to teach |
taught |
taught |
вчити |
to tear |
tore |
torn |
рвати |
to tell |
told |
told |
розповідати |
to think |
thought |
thought |
думати |
to throw |
threw |
thrown |
кидати |
to understand |
understood |
understood |
розуміти |
to wake |
woke |
woken |
проки,будиатися |
to wear |
wore |
worn |
носити |
to win |
won [wΛn] |
won [wΛn] |
вигравати |
to write |
wrote |
written |
писати |
Future Indefinite (Simple)Майбутній/ |
неозначенийчас |
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I Formation (Утворення) |
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will (застаріле shall)длявсіхосіб |
Утворюєтьсязадопомдієсловагоюміжного |
to. |
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таінфінітиваосновногодієсловабезч стки |
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will+ to VI |
Скороченаформа:
I / he / she→I’ll/ it//he’you / we / they will ll / she’ll / it’ll / you’ll / we’ll / they’ll
He’ll be here soon. / I will remember this day in my life forever. (Affirmative form)
Will you come to my place tomorrow? / When will my grandparents plant a new garden? (Interrogative form)
They won’t (will+not) meet any more as they are apart. / They won’t stay for dinner with us because they must leave earlier. (Negative form)
II Usage (Вживання)
1. |
Длявираженняпостійної |
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абоодноразовоїспонтанноїдії |
майбутньому: |
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Oh, I’ve left the door open. I’ll go and shut it. / ‘What would you like to drink?’ ‘I’ll have |
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a lemonade, please.’/ She’ll find a new boyfriend soon. / Will you finish this book next |
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month? / I’ll call you tomorrow, cheer up. |
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2. |
Длявираженняп |
рипущеньчипланівнамайбутнєз |
живаннямфразтипу |
I think (I |
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don’t think) I’ll / I believe I’ll / I suppose I’ll: |
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I have a headache. I think I’ll stay at home this evening. / I don’t think I’ll go out tonight. |
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I have some work to do. / I suppose it won’t take long. |
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3. |
Англійськереченняскладздвохаєстьсяин |
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– головногоіпідрядного.У |
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підряднихреченняхумови( |
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Condition)післясполучник |
a if тапідряднихреченнях |
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часу( Time) післясполу |
чників till / until, unless (негативзначесполучників),няе |
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after, before, when, as soon as, as long as, on condition that, provided, in case |
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вживається Present Simple.Уголореченнівномуживається |
Future Simple.Якщо |
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підрядречеумовичасунстоїеня |
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тьнапершмісці,воновіддмуіляєтьсяд |
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головком.Команстогоею,якщовитьсяпореченьяднепо.рушенок
will+ to VI / to V, Vs (don’t / doesn’t / am, is, are)
I’ll give you a candy if you are good. / He’ll inform me when they arrive. / If he agrees, I’ll let you know. / We’ll meet when you are at home. / There won’t be a flood any more as soon as we call a roofer. / If we don’t get this money in time, we’ll become bankrupts. / I’ll stay angry unless you visit me.
III Time-markers (Обставиничасу |
,часовімаркери) |
Tomorrow / the day after tomorrow / soon / next (week, month, year, decade, century, weekend, summer, autumn, etc.) / in (через)
Continuous Group of Tenses
Тривгрупачвиражаєсівладіюякпроцес,щовідбутриває( )моментається |
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мовленняаботеперішнійперіодчасу( |
Present Continuous),тривалаякийсьмоментчи |
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періодчасувминулому( |
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Past Continuous),триватиме |
певниймомабочасунтріодв |
майбутньому( |
Future Continuous). |
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Present Continuous (Progressive) / Тепетриваішній |
лийчас |
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I Formation (Утворення) |
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to be y Present Simple та |
Утворюєтьсязадопомдієсловагоюміжного |
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дієприкметникатеперішньогочасу |
(Present Participle / Participle I) основногодієслова. |
am, is, are+Ving
Скороченаформа:
I am / he, she, it is / you, we,→I’mthey/ he’s,are doingshe’s, it’s / you’re, we’re, they’re doing
Mom is talking over the phone. / They are training now. (Affirmative form) Are you hurrying to work? / Is dad smoking in his study? (Interrogative form)
I’m not listening to you. / You may speak loud. The child isn’t (is+not) sleeping yet. / They aren’t (are+not) staying here any more. (Negative form)
IIUsage (Вживання)
1.Длявираженнядії,щовідбуваєтьсямоментмовлення:
Why are you wearing that funny hat? / What a smell! – Something’s burning!
2. Длявираженнятривалоїдії,не обов’язковомомент:влення
He is always grumbling. / She has a good sense of humor. She’s constantly laughing.
3. Запланованоїмайбутньоїдії:
I’m leaving tonight. / They are getting married in June. / We are planning tennis tomorrow.
Дієслово to go у Present Continuous зінфііншдієсловаітивомгозначаємаю«намір, |
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збираюсящосьзробити»Такепоєднання. мовжтакоживатисяеіу |
Past Continuous Tense |
(див.далі ) |
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am, is, are going+to do smth |
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We are going to make an apple pie tonight. / I’m going to stay in Scotland for two weeks. / I’ve heard she’s going to travel round the world. / They are going to cross the road to get to the river. / It’s cloudy. It’s going to rain soon. / I feel terrible. I think I’m going to be sick.
Пам’ятка: |
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Дієслова,щоневживаютьсяуформі |
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Continuous: |
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to believe |
to be |
to feel |
to like |
to own |
to know |
to have |
to want |
to think |
to contain |
to understand |
to see |
to wish |
to late |
to depend |
to recognize |
to hear |
to desire |
to hope |
to belong |
Проте,якщодієслова |
to have, to think, to admire вказунадіюякпроцес,тотьвони |
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мовжуиватисяформіть |
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Continuous. |
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I am having two classes of Math today./ I am constantly thinking about you./ When I look at this
masterpiece, I am admiring it.
III Time-markers (Обстчасу,часовімаркеривини)
Now / right now / at present / at the (this) moment
Past Continuous (Progressive) / Минулийтривалийчас
I Formation (Утворення) |
to be y Past Simple та |
Утворюєтьсязадопомдієсловагоюміжного |
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дієприкметникатеперішньогочасу( |
Present Participle / Participle I)основногодієслова. |
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was, were+Ving |
She was typing the documents yesterday from 5 to 7 p.m. / While I was working in the garden I hurt my back. (Affirmative form)
What were you doing at 10 o’clock last night? / Was it raining all the day yesterday? (Interrogative form)
She wasn’t wearing a dress at the party. / I wasn’t listening to the professor because it’s not interesting. (Negative form)
was, were going+to do smth
They were going to swim the river when somebody shouted ‘Crocodiles!’ / He was going to
travel by train but then he decided to take a car.
II Usage (Вживання)
1. |
Длявираженнятривалоїдії |
в певниймоум :нуломут |
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I was playing tennis yesterday from 6 to (till) 8 p.m. / He was sailing along the shore at 9 |
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p. m. yesterday. |
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2. |
Длявираженнятривалоїдії |
минулому, перерваноїодноразовоюдіє |
ю,дедієслов о |
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вираженев |
Past Simple: |
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He burnt (Past Simple) his hand when he was making (Past Continuous) coffee. / It was |
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snowing heavily when I got up. / She was taking a shower when the phone rang. |
3.Длявираженнядвоходноразовтривалдійуминулому,’єднаних сполучником while:
He was taking a photo of me while I wasn’t looking. / She was overhearing us while were talking.
IIITime-markers (Обстчасу,часовімаркеривини)
Yesterday from 3 to (till) 5 / yesterday at 6 / yesterday all the evening, afternoon, all day long / when somebody did something
Future Continuous (Progressive) /Майбутнійтривалийчас
I Formation (Утворення)
Утворюєтьсязадопомдієсловагоюміжного |
to be y Future Simple та |
дієприкметникатеперішньогочасу( |
Present Participle / Participle I)основногодієслова. |
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will be+Ving |
I think it will be raining all day tomorrow. / It’s late autumn, soon the leaves will be falling. (Affirmative form)
Will she be studying law when we come? / Will he be interviewing a celebrity when I decide to interrupt him? (Interrogative form)
I won’t be speaking out at the conference from 5 to 6 tomorrow. / I won’t be packing because my trip is cancelled. (Negative form)
II Usage (Вживання)
Уживаєдлявираженнятимчаспевнийїьсядії омментоувлення майбутньому
From 7 to (till) 8 p.m. I’ll be watching football match on television. / I’ll be shopping in the city center. Can I get you anything? / You’ll recognize her when you see her. She’ll be wearing a yellow hat. / At this time tomorrow he’ll be working. / This time next week I’ll probably be lying on a beautiful beach. / Next June we’ll be digging new potatoes at granny’s.
Праввживанняло Present Simple упідряднихреченняхумовичасузчасами групи Future подано вище( Future Simple п. 3, вживання)
Will you be passing the post office when you go out? / Will you be missing me when I’m
away?
III Time-markers (Обстчасу,часовімаркеривини)
At 5 o’clock tomorrow / from 6 to (till) 7 on Sunday / when I come (subordinate clauses of time and condition)
Perfect Group of Tenses
Перфектнідоконані( )часивиражаютьдію,щовідбуласядопевногомоментучи |
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періодувтеперішньомучасі( |
Present Perfect),минулому( |
Past Perfect),майбутньому |
(Future Perfect)Часи. цієїгрупивиражаютьнаявністькогосьрезульта |
тудії,пов’язаної |
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подальшими подіями. |
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Present Perfect
I Formation (Утворення) |
have / has (have – I, you, we, they; |
Утворюєтьсязадопомдієсловагоюміжного |
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has – he, she, it) тадієпрмичасукметниканулого( |
Past Participle / Participle II) основного |
дієслова. |
have / has+VIII(ed) |
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Скороченаформа:
I, you, we, they have done / he, she, it has done →I’ ve, you’ve, we’ve, they’ve done / he’s, she’s, it’s done
He has lost his key. / Ow, I’ve burnt myself.! (Affirmative form)
Look at your face! Have you ever shaven? / Who has broken my vase? It looks horrible! (Interrogative form)
I haven’t (have+not) done this yet. / He hasn’t (has+not) gone to Italy yet. (Negative form)
II Usage (Вживання)
1. Вживаєтьсяд |
лявираженнядії,якапочалася |
минуломуізакін |
чиласяв |
теперішньомуз |
результатом: |
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I’m a little frightened for I have lost my way. / Thanks for invitation, but I’ve seen this film already.
2. Present Perfect найчастішевживаєтьсяз:
прислівниками never / ever / just / already / not yet / lately / recently / up to now / up to the present:
I have never seen him. / Have you ever eaten this fish? / I’ve just arrived. / We have already painted his yacht. / They haven’t discussed this matter yet. / Have you heard from your sister lately? / I haven’t slept much recently. / He has been ill up to now (up to the present);
this morning (week, month, year) / today:
Have you met her this week? / How many cigarettes have you smoked today?;
прийменниками for, since
I haven’t seen him for ages. / He hasn’t seen his relatives since he left for Africa. / I haven’t been here since my childhood;
ізвисловами |
: this (it) is the first time: |
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This is the first time he has driven a car. / It’s the first time I’ve flown. |
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3. Presеnt Perfect невживаєтьсяреченнтак х |
оготипу: |
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Щовисказали? |
– What did you say? / Янерозчуввашого |
запитання. |
– I didn’t hear |
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your question. / Язабув. |
– I forgot. / Теперзрозуміло. |
– Now I understand. / Деви |
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купилицюкни |
гу? – Where did you buy this book? |
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III Time-markers (Обстчасу,часовімаркеривини)
Never / ever / just / already / not yet / lately / recently / up to now / up to the present / this morning (week, month, year) / today / for / since / this (it) is the first time
Past Perfect
I Formation (Утворення) |
had длявсіхосібта |
Утворюєтьсязадопомдієсловагоюміжного |
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дієпрмичасукметниканулого( |
Past Participle / Participle II) основногодієслова. |
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had+VIII(ed) |
Скороченаформа:
I / you / we / they / he / she / it had done →I’ d / you’d / we’d / they’d / he’d / she’d / it’d done
When I arrived at the party, Tom had already gone home. / I had finished my work yesterday by 5. (Affirmative form)
Had he gone to bed before I arrived? / Had she done her report yesterday by the evening? (Interrogative form)
My house was dirty because I hadn’t (had+not) cleaned it for weeks. / I was very nervous because I had never christened a baby before. (Negative form)
II Usage (Вживання)
1. |
Длявираженнядії,якавідбуласярані |
ше від іншоїминулоїдії,позначеної |
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дієсловому |
Past Simple: |
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When I got home, I found that someone had broken into my flat and stolen my fur coat. / |
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Bill had no longer had his car, he had sold it. |
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2. |
Длявираженняминулоїдії,щовжезакінчиласядопевного |
моментув |
минулому. |
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Цеймометакимипозн словочаєтьсполученнями |
, як: by 2 o’clock, |
by that |
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(certain) time, by the evening, etc. |
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They had got married by that time. / She had replied his message only by the next day. |
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3. |
Вживаєтьсязісполучниками |
hardly / scarcely / nearly / barely (щойно,яктільки |
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но),девиконуєтьінверсіяперес( підметаяприсудкановкамісцями):
Hardly had we entered the shop, when a shop-assistant came up to us. / Scarcely had he
returned home when it started to rain.
III Time-markers (Обстчасу,часовімаркеривини)
By 2 (3, 4…) o’clock yesterday / by that (certain time) yesterday / by the evening yesterday / …(when I…), etc.
Future Perfect
I Formation (Утворення) |
have длявс іхосіб y Future Simple |
Утворюєтьсязадопомдієсловагоюміжного |
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тадієпрмичасукметниканулого( |
Past Participle / Participle II) основногодієслова. |
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will have+VIII(ed) |
He will have spent all his money by the end of his holiday. / A child will have gone to bed when I come. (Affirmative form)
Will they have moved to their new house by the end of the month? / Will you have made a decision tomorrow by 2? (Interrogative form)
I hope you won’t (will+not) have forgotten me by then. / They won’t (will+not) have finished a
new subway station by June. (Negative form)
II Usage (Вживання)
Вживаєтьсядлявираженнямайбутньоїдії,щозакінчитьсядопевногомоменту |
aбо |
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допочаткуіншоїдіїв |
майбутньомупідрядних( реченняхумовичасу;дивись |
Future |
Simple п. вживання3, ) |
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I’ll have translated this article by the next Monday. / He’ll have finished his report by tomorrow. / She’ll have typed these documents by the time her boss comes. / I’ll have made an excellent plum pie when you come. / The train will have left by the time we arrive.
III Time-markers (Обстчасу,часовімарвини кери)
By 2 (3, 4…) o’clock tomorrow / by that (certain time) tomorrow / by the evening tomorrow / …(when I…), etc.
Perfect Continuous Group of Tenses
Часигрупи Perfect Continuous вираждію,якпочаласядоютьмомовленняенту
(Present Perfect Continuous Tense)абодмомоентувлення минуломучи в майбутньому
(Past Perfect Continuous Tense і Future Perfect Continuous Tense)ітриваєдоцьогомоменту.
Present Perfect Continuous (Progressive)
I Formation (Утворення)
Утворюєтьсязадопом гоюміжного |
дієслова to be y |
Present Perfect (have / has |
been)тадієприкметникатеперішньогочасу( |
Present Participle |
/ Participle I)основного |
дієслова. |
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have / has been+Ving
It has been raining for two hours. / He’s out of breath because he’s been running too fast. (Affirmative form)
Has this boy been crying that his eyes are red and wet? / How long have you been smoking? (Interrogative form)
I haven’t (have+not) been drinking orange juice for many years because I’m allergic to it. / She
hasn’t (has+not) been playing tennis since she was eight. (Negative form)
II Usage (Вживання)
Вживаєтьсядлявираженнядії,щопочаласяминуломуітри |
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валапротягом |
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певногоперіоду, |
сещепродовжується |
цеймоментабощойнозакінчилася |
. Зазвичай |
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вживається зобстчасувинами |
for / since: |
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I have been working in this office for 10 years. / I have been learning Spanish since we last met.
(переуклрмовоюадаємоїнськоютеперішнімчасом,діядосітриває) |
– Япрац юювцій |
фі10років.міЯвивч/ іспанськумовуювід |
нашоїостанньоїзустрічі. |
It’s wet outside. It has been raining hard. / Your clothes are dirty. Have you been fighting? (переуклрамовоюдаємоїнськоюминулимчасо,акцнарезультатінт) – Навулиці волого,йшдощ.Т/одягвійбрудний.Вибилися?
That man over there is red. I think he’s been sunbathing. / His hands are covered with oil because he’s been fixing his car in the garage. / She’s been looking for a new job since September. / Sorry, I’m late. How long have you been waiting for me here? / This lady has been
selling washing machines for half of her life.
III Time-markers (Обстчасу,часовімаркеривини)
For / since / how long / since when (упитальрече) нихнях
Past Perfect Continuous (Progressive)
I Formation (Утворення) |
to be y Past Perfect (had been для |
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Утворюєтьсязадопомдієсловагоюміжного |
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всіхосіб)тадієп |
рикметникатеперішньогочасу( |
Present Participle / Participle I)основного |
дієслова. |
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had been+Ving
The doctor was tired because he had been operating for several hours. / He’d been smoking for 30 years when he decided to give it up. (Affirmative form)
How long had you been listening to hard rock music before your neighbor complained? / Had she been sleeping hard that she didn’t hear the phone? (Interrogative form)
We couldn’t go skiing because it hadn’t (had+not) been snowing. / My car was rusty. I hadn’t
been using it for half of a century. (Negative form)
II Usage (Вживання)
Вживаєтьсядлявираженнятривалоїдії,якапочаласядокогосьмоментув минулому,продовжувал асявцеймоментабозакінчилася безпосередньопередним.
We had been climbing for six hours when at last we reached the top of the mountain. / Outside everything was in deep snow. It had been snowing hard all night. / Girls were exhausted because they’d been chatting for the whole night. / They had been living in the south of France when he died. / The orchestra had been playing for ten minutes when somebody began shouting. / We had