Exercises in Word Study

Ex.l. Study the following definitions. Make sure you understand them and can reproduce from memory.

Management achievement of organizational objec-

tives through people and other resources

top management managers who develop long-range

plans and interact with the government and the community

middle management managers responsible for developing

detailed plans and procedures to im­plement plans of top management

supervisory management people directly responsible for details

of assigning workers to specific jobs and evaluating performance

planning the process of setting goals for the or-

ganization and developing strategies to meet them

organizing the process of coordinating the work

effort of employees and assigning work activities to accomplish the company goals

directing guiding and motivating employees to

accomplish organizational objectives

controlling evaluating the organization's perform-

ance to determine whether it is accomplishing its objectives

Ex.2. Study the following additional definitions and translate them into your mother tongue:

decision making process of choosing among alternatives

objective specific result or target to be reached

by a certain time

leadership motivating or causing others to perform

activities designed to achieve specific objectives

great man theory leadership theory emphasizing that only

an exceptional person is capable of playing a prominent leadership role

strategic planning the process of determining the major

objectives of an organization; the adoption of courses of action, and the allocation of resources necessary to achieve those objectives

tactical planning planning focusing on short-term im-

plementation of current activities and the allocation of resources for those activities

Ex.3. Find the following words and phrases in the text. Translate sentences containing them into your mother tongue:

To achieve objectives; to be involved in production; to develop long-range plans; to make decisions; to implement the general plans; to evaluate performance; to put into action; managerial skills; ability; to create a work environment; to be skillful in; to set goals; to encom­pass decisions; to coordinate the efforts; to issue orders; to accomplish objectives.

Ex.4. Match the words in column one with their synonyms in column two:

objective ability, capacity

to evaluate to implement, to fulfill

skill goal, aim

to accomplish to value, to estimate

decision wages, payment

salary resolution, determination

to manufacture to decide, to resolve

to determine to produce, to make

Ex.5. Fill in the blanks with prepositions and adverbs where necessary:

Strategic Planning and Tactical Planning

Planning can be classified ... the basis ... scope or breadth. Strategic planning can be defined ... the process ... determining the primary objectives ... an organization and adopting courses ... action and allocating resources necessary to achieve those objectives. Strategic plans tend to be both broad and long range; focusing ... those organizational objectives that will have major impact... the organization ... a period ... several years. Strategic planning has a critical impact ... the destiny ... the organization since it provides long-run direction ... managers.

... contrast, tactical planning focuses ... the implementation ... activities specified ... the strategic plans. Tactical planning tends to be shorter-term than strategic planning, and focuses more ... current and near-term activities required to implement overall strategies.... the two types ... planning are different, both must be integrated ... an overall system designed to achieve organizational objectives.

Ex.6. Ask questions to fit these answers:

1. Managers direct the efforts of others toward the company goal.

2.Top managers devote their time to developing long-range plans for the company.

3. Middle managers may operate a branch of a department store chain.

4. First-line managers have direct and continuing contact with production personnel.

5. Every manager must possess three basic managerial skills,

6. The ability to create a work environment is crucial managerial skill at every level.

7. Conceptual skills involve a manager's ability to «see the picture».

8. Strategic planning has a critical impact on the destiny of the organization since it provides long-run direction for managers.

9. Tactical planning focuses on current and near-term activities, 10. Managers are continually involved with anticipating and preventing

problems.

Ex.7. Define or briefly explain the following key terms:

1. management

2. decision making

3. objective

4. leadership