8 Open the brackets using the correct tense

1. My friend (study) at the department of Information Technology. 2. I (study) at the same department. 3. We (do) research all the time. 4. We (discuss) various problems at the seminar last week. 5. They (do) many operations on the computer yesterday. 6. Yesterday we (go) to the University library. 7. I (answer) all the questions at the exam in mathematics last month. 8. I hope we (solve) this algebraic problem soon. 9. I am sure they (do) their work in time. 10. I (compare) my results with yours tomorrow. 11. When he (come) I (calculate) my problem. 12. She (discuss) some questions with her instructor at this time yesterday. 13. I (wait) for you at 6 o'clock tomorrow. 14. He already (give) a short answer to my question. 15. I just (come) from London. 16. They already (go) home. 17. They (write) the program for the computer by June last year.

9 Open the brackets using the correct tense

1. My new laptop (work) very well. 2. These students (have) an opportunity to use computers at every lesson. 3. IBM (be) one of the largest computer companies in the world. It (manufacture) mainframes and PCs and (sell) its products all over the world. 4. Many years ago these computers (be) huge. 5. They (have) a meeting about the products website at the moment. 6. As the size of computers (diminish) while the power (increase), the term mainframe (fell out) of use. 7. - Oh, no, the printer (not / work)! - I (call) the IT department! 8. How long you (be) with Microsoft? 9. They (produce) printers for ten years. 10. - My computer (crash) on Monday, Tuesday and yesterday! - Oh, it (not / work) properly recently! 11. We (exchange) emails, but we never (meet). 12. Notebooks (be) computers that have all hardware in one package.

Part 3 - Тема 3 Всередині комп’ютерної системи.

1 Прочитайте та перекладіть текст (письмово), вивчіть виділені слова, напишіть 5 запитань до тексту (письмово)

RAM and ROM

When you run a program, the CPU looks for it on the hard disk and transfers a copy into the RAM. RAM (random access memory) is temporary or volatile, that is, it holds data while your PC is working on it, but loses this data when the power is switched off.

However, ROM (read only memory) is permanent and contains instructions needed by the CPU; the BIOS (basic input/output system) uses ROM to control communication with peripherals, e.g. disk drives.

The amount of RAM determines the number of programs you can run simultaneously and how fast they operate. It can be expanded by adding extra RAM chips.

UNITS OF MEMORY

The electronic circuits in computers detect the difference between two states: ON (the current passes through) or OFF (the current doesn't); they represent these states as 1 or 0. Each 1 or 0 is called a binary digit or bit. Bits are grouped into eight-digit codes that typically represent characters (letters, numbers and symbols). Eight bits together are called a byte. For example, 01000001 is used for the character A. Computers use a standard code called ASCII for the binary representation of characters.

In order to avoid complex calculations of bytes, we use bigger units. A kilobyte (KB) is 1,024 bytes; a megabyte (MB) is 1,024 kilobytes; a gigabyte (GB) is 1,024 megabytes; a terabyte (TB) is 1,024 gigabytes. We use these units to describe the RAM memory, the operating capacity of disks and the size of a program or document.

2 З’єднайте терміни з визначеннями (письмово)

1

LIVING WITH COMPUTERS 5

Computers: friend… 5

People who have grown up with PCs and Microchips are often called the digital generation. This is how some people answered when questioned about the use of computers in their lives: `I use an interactive whiteboard, like a large touchscreen monitor, at school. I find computers very useful in education.` 5

calculations: add, subtract, multiply

and divide.

3 Заповніть пропуски відповідними словами із тексту у вправі 1. (письмово)

1. … carry signals between different parts of a PC. 2. … cards improve the computer's performance. 3. The …uses ROM to control the input/output of data. 4. The main printed circuit board is called the … . 5. The brain of a computer is called … .

4 Прочитайте та вивчіть правила (усно)

WORD FAMILIES

It is useful to know how to build up word families by adding suffixes. Look at these examples:

Nouns Verbs Adjectives Adverbs

magnet, magnetism magnetize magnetic, magnetized magnetically

recorder, recording record recordable, recorded

digitizer, digitizing digitize digital, digitized digitally

Adding a suffix may change the pronunciation. Look at how the stress changes in these words:

photograph photographer photographic photographically

5. Заповніть пропуски відповідними словами із вправи 4 (письмово)

1. Sound and pictures can be stored … , as on a CD. 2. Blu-Ray Disc is a new … optical disc format developed by nine electronic manufacturers. 3. Hard disks are … storage devices. 4. A video … is used to convert analogue video into digital video files. 5. My digital voice … has a storage capacity of 2 GB.

6 Прочитайте та вивчіть правила (усно)

The suffix -ware refers to products of the same type. In computing, software refers to programs executed by a computer, as opposed to the physical devices on which they run - the hardware. It is commonly used to form jargon terms for classes of software.

freeware: available free of charge, but protected by copyright; it differs from 'free software', which can be changed and distributed subject to licence.

shareware: distributed similarly to freeware, except that it requires payment after a trial period.

malware: designed to infiltrate or damage a computer (e.g. viruses, trojan horses, spyware).

spyware: designed to monitor the actions of your computer and send this data via the Net.

adware: devised to display advertisements; some includes spyware.

groupware: enables a group of people connected to a network to work on the same project.

7 Знайдіть відповідь на запитання: What type of software do these descriptions refer to? (письмово)

1. software that periodically pops up advertising material; 2. collaborative software; 3. also known as 'try before you buy' software; 4. programs that you don't have to pay for; 5. short for malicious software;