Reported speech. Косвенная речь.

При переводе повествовательного предложения из прямой речи в косвенную производятся следующие изменения:

а) повествовательное предложение вводится союзом that, который, однако, часто опускается.

e.g.: He says, “They will achieve success”. – He says (that) they will achieve success.

б) личные и притяжательные местоимения заменяются по смыслу:

e.g.: He says, “I’ve just seen your elder brother.” – He says (that) he has just seen my elder brother.

в) если после глагола to say имеется предложное дополнение, указывающее на лицо, к которому обращена речь, то он заменяется глаголом to tell.

e.g.: She has said to me, “I’m awfully tired” – She has told me that she is awfully tired.

Если глагол в главном предложении стоит в Simple Past, Past Continuous или Past Perfect, то время глагола прямой речи должно быть заменено в соответствии с правилами согласования времен.

Direct Speech	Reported Speech
Simple Present Present Continuous Simple Past Present Perfect Simple Future	Simple Past Past continuous Past Perfect Past perfect Future in the Past

При переводе из прямой речи в косвенную заменяются следующие указательные местоимения, наречия времени и места:

Direct Speech		Reported Speech
this- these now today yesterday the day before yesterday tomorrow the day after tomorrow next week (month, year) last week (year)		that-those then that day the day before two days before the next day; the following day in two days’ time the following (the next) week (month, year) the previous week(year), a year (a week) before
Direct Speech			Reported Speech
He said, He said to me,	“Peter is looking through the paper now”. “I went to see them the day before yesterday.” “I’ll go there tomorrow.” “My father died a year ago.”		He said (that)	Peter was looking through the paper then. he had gone to see them two days before. he would go there the following day. his father had died year before.

Примечание: 1. При переводе из прямой речи в косвенную Simple Past и Past Continuous могут сохраняться без изменений, если указано время совершения действия.

e.g.: He said, “Bernard Shaw visited the Soviet Union in 1928”. – He said that Bernard Shaw visited the Soviet Union in 1928.

2. При переводе из прямой речи в косвенную не изменяется.

e.g.: He said to me, “The book had been out by last June”. – He told me (that) the book had been out by the previous June.

3. а) Если говорящий сообщает о происходящем в тот же день, то наречия времени не изменяются.

e.g.: At breakfast this morning he said, “I’ll be very busy today”. – At breakfast this morning he said that he would be very busy today.

б) Наречия будущего времени могут корректироваться в зависимости от того, когда передается косвенная речь.

e.g.: On Monday John says to Tom, “I’m leaving the day after tomorrow.” On Tuesday Tom sees Bill and says to him, “John said he was leaving tomorrow.” On Wednesday Tom may say to Ben, “John said he was leaving today.”