- •II. Types of meaning.
- •I. Structural types of words.
- •II. Affixation. Classification of affixes. Suffixes and prefixes.
- •III. Conversion (zero derivation).
- •Iy. Compounding. Classification of compounds. Criteria of compounding. Borderline cases (semi-affixes).
- •I. Definition of homonyms. Classification of homonyms.
- •II. Sources of homonymy.
- •III. Definition of synonyms. Classification of synonyms.
- •Iy. Sources of synonymy.
- •I. Stylistically marked and stylistically neutral vocabulary.
- •Br e Am e
Br e Am e
homely down to earth, domestic ugly (of people)
nervy nervous bold, full of nerve
pants underpants trousers
pavement footpath, sidewalk road surface
to tick off to scold to make angry
Same word, additional meaning in one variety
Common meaning Additional in Am E
bathroom room with bath/shower and room with toilet only
sink
dumb mute stupid
good fine, nice valid (as of tickets, offers)
school educational institution all institutions of any level
(primary, secondary)
to ship to transport by ship to transport by train,
plane, or trunk
Common meaning Additional in Br E
leader one who commands, guides an editorial
smart intelligent well-groomed
surgery a medical operation, an office of any doctor
or an operating room
Same word, difference in style, connotation, frequency of use
Br E usage Am E usage
autumn common, all styles poetic or formal
clever common, positive less common, negative
fortnight common, all styles uncommon, archaic
quite negative or neutral positive
Same concept or item, different word
Am E Br E
faucet tap
muffler (on a car) silencer
sophomore second-year student
washcloth face flannel
zero nought
line queue
can tin
gas petrol
couch sofa