9. National symbols of Ukraine.

The Constitution states that the national symbols of Ukraine shall be the National Flag, the National Emblem and the National Anthem.

The Ukrainian flag consist of two horizontal stripes of equal width. The top is blue, the bottom is yellow. Blue and yellow, the colours of the sky, mountains, streams and golden fields had symbolized Kyivan Rus’ long before the introduction of Christianity. With the acceptance of Christianity, blue and gold were incorporated into church symbolism. After the Mongol-Tatar invasion in the 1200s, the use of blue and gold was interrupted to be revived again in church ornaments and city crests sometime later. The banners of the Cossacks (XII century) were blue with gold stars, a gold cross or with pictures of saints rendered in gold.

The National Emblem is a trident. The first image of a trident appeared in the 9-th century A.D. When Ihor, Prince of Kyivan Rus’ from 912 to 945, sent ambassadors to sigh a treaty with the Byzantine emperor, they sealed the document with a trident. As a official emblem of Kyivan princes the trident was stamped on coins and seals; it was depicted on porcelain and frescos. The trident was endorsed as the National Emblem of Ukraine, and the blue and yellow flag – as a National Flag of Ukraine – by the Verhovna Rada in 1992.

The lyrics to the anthem of Ukraine were written by Pavlo Chubynsky – a scientist and poet – in 1862. The music was composed by M. Verbytsky.

9. National symbols of usa.

The national flag of the United States of America, often simply referred to as the American flag, consists of thirteen equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating with white, with a blue rectangle in the canton (referred to specifically as the "union") bearing fifty small, white, five-pointed stars arranged in nine offset horizontal rows of six stars (top and bottom) alternating with rows of five stars. The 50 stars on the flag represent the 50 states of the United States of America and the 13 stripes represent the thirteen British colonies that declared independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain and became the first states in the Union.

"The Star-Spangled Banner" is the national anthem of the United States of America. The lyrics come from "Defence of Fort McHenry", a poem written in 1814 by the 35-year-old lawyer and amateur poet, Francis Scott Key. The poem was set to the tune of a popular British song written by John Stafford Smith for the Anacreontic Society, a men's social club in London. "The Anacreontic Song" (or "To Anacreon in Heaven"), with various lyrics, was already popular in the United States. Set to Key's poem and renamed "The Star-Spangled Banner", it would soon become a well-known American patriotic song. "The Star-Spangled Banner" was recognized for official use by the Navy in 1889, and by President Woodrow Wilson in 1916, and was made the national anthem by a congressional resolution on March 3, 1931, which was signed by President Herbert Hoover.