- •Министерство аграрной политики украины
- •Введение
- •Topic 1. An introduction to economics
- •Comprehension check
- •I. Give English equivalents to the following:
- •II. Read the international words and guess their meanings:
- •III. Are the following statements true or false?
- •IV. Fill in the gaps using the words given: Scarcity, income, interact, society, trends, management, economics, economy
- •V. Translate into English
- •VI. Answer the questions
- •Topic 2. The basic economic problem
- •Comprehension check
- •I. Give English equivalents to the following:
- •II. Read the words and guess their meanings:
- •III. Are the following statements true or false?
- •IV. Complete these sentences with the words in appropriate form and translate the sentences into Russian:
- •V. Translate into English:
- •VI. Answer some questions:
- •Topic 3. Factors of production
- •Comprehension check
- •I. Give Russian equivalents to the following:
- •II. Give English equivalents to the following:
- •III. Make sentences by adding a suitable beginning to the following:
- •IV. Agree or disagree with the following statements:
- •V. Fill in the gaps using the words given
- •VI. Translate into English
- •VII. Answer some questions:
- •Topic 4.
- •Types of business.
- •Types of business organization
- •What is business?
- •Starting a business
- •Types of business
- •Sole Trader
- •Partnership
- •Private Limited Company
- •Public Limited Company
- •The sole proprietor
- •Partnerships
- •Corporations
- •Companies and Organizations Background information about the organization.
- •Comprehension check
- •I. Give English equivalents to the following:
- •III. Complete the sentences using the proper forms of the verbs in the brackets:
- •IV. Translate into English:
- •V. Answer the questions:
- •Topic 5. Company structure
- •Study carefully the meaning of the following phrases and word combinations
- •Comprehension check
- •I. Give English equivalents to the following:
- •II. Read the words and guess their meanings:
- •Who is who?
- •III. Complete these sentences using the words from the list below and translate the sentences into Russian:
- •IV. Translate into English:
- •V. Answer some questions on the Text:
- •Topic 6. Accounting
- •Read and memorize the following words and word combinations:
- •Comprehension check
- •I. Give English equivalents to the following:
- •II. Give Russian equivalents to the following:
- •III. Read and translate the definitions of the basic accounting terms:
- •IV. Agree or disagree with the statements:
- •V. Fill in the gaps using the words given:
- •VI. Complete as in the text:
- •VII. Translate from Russian into English:
- •VIII. Answer some questions:
- •Topic 7. Financial statements
- •Vocabulary
- •Comprehension check
- •IV. For Russian terms in a column a find corresponding English definitions in column b.
- •V. Fill in the gaps using the words given:
- •VI. Are the following statements true or false?
- •VII. Complete the sentences referring to the information from the text.
- •VIII. Translate from Russian into English:
- •IX. Answer some questions:
- •Topic 8. Money and its functions
- •Vocabulary
- •Different kinds of money
- •Vocabulary
- •Comprehension check
- •I. Give English equivalents to the following:
- •II. Read the words and guess their meanings:
- •III. Read and translate the terms:
- •IV. Complete these sentences using the words from the list below and translate the sentences into Russian:
- •V. Are the following statements true or false?
- •VI. Translate into English:
- •VII. Answer some questions:
- •Topic 9. Banks and banking
- •Comprehension check
- •I. Give English equivalents to the following:
- •II. Read and translate the definitions of the basic banking services terms: Banking services
- •III. Complete these sentences with appropriate words оr word combinations and translate the sentences into Russian:
- •IV. Complete the following sentences in any way you like.
- •V. Translate into English:
- •VI. Summarize the contents of the Text using these questions as an outline.
- •Topic 10. Banking system
- •Vocabulary
- •Comprehension check
- •I. Give English equivalents to the following:
- •II. Read and translate the definitions of the basic banking terms:
- •III. Choose the necessary word and put it in the sentence:
- •IV. Translate into English:
- •V. Answer some questions:
- •Topic 11.
- •International banking and international economic institutions world bank
- •Comprehension check
- •I. Give English equivalents to the following:
- •II. Read the words and guess their meanings:
- •III. Are the following statements true or false?
- •IV. Fill in the gaps using the words given
- •V. Translate into English
- •International monetary fund (ifm)
- •Comprehension check
- •I. Give English equivalents to the following:
- •II. Read the words and guess their meanings:
- •III. Which of the following is true?
- •IV. Translate into English:
- •V. Answer some questions on the Text:
- •Topic 12. Monetary policy
- •Vocabulary
- •Comprehension check
- •I. Suggest the Russian equivalents:
- •II. Find in the text English equivalents for the following:
- •III. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text:
- •V. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •VI. Answer the questions:
- •Topic 13.
- •Import and export
- •Vocabulary
- •IV. Fill in the gaps using the words given
- •V. Read and translate into Russian:
- •Incoterms 2000
- •Incoterms
- •VI. Translate into English:
- •VII. Answer the questions:
- •Topic 14.
- •Insurance
- •Memorize the following words and word combinations:
- •Comprehension check
- •I. Give English equivalents to the following:
- •II. Substitute the proper English words from the list below for the Russian words in brackets.
- •III. Are the following statements true or false?
- •IV. The following sentences relate to various aspects of insurance. Choose the word which best fits each space.
- •V. Translate into English
- •VI. Answer some questions on the Text:
- •Topic 15.
- •International investing
- •Investors
- •Memorize the following words and word combinations:
- •Comprehension check
- •I. Give Russian equivalents to the following:
- •II. Complete sentences according to the information in the text.
- •III. Which explanation of economic terms is correct?
- •IV. Read and translate the definitions of the basic investment and securities terms:
- •V. Give Russian equivalents to the following:
- •VI. Choose the necessary word and put it in the sentence:
- •Interest
- •VII. Translate into English:
- •6.030509 «Учет и аудит», 6.030504 «Экономика предприятия»
- •98309 Г. Керчь, Орджоникидзе, 82.
Types of business
The different types of business organization to be found in the UK and most other capitalist countries may be classified under five headings: the sole proprietor, the partnership, the joint stock company, the cooperative society, and the public corporation.
|
Types of organization |
Legal form |
Ownership
|
Sources of finance |
Liability |
Who runs the business |
|
Sole trader
|
Little or no legal form
|
The proprietor
|
Personal savings, bank loan
|
Unlimited |
The owner |
|
Partnership |
Partnership Act 1890, written agreement among partners |
2–20 partners |
Capital provided by partners |
Unlimited, although some partners can have limited liability |
The partners |
|
Private Limited Company (LTD) |
Registered under Companies Act 1985 |
Shareholders 2 or more (no maximum) |
Issuing shares (restrictions On selling them), bank loan |
Limited |
The board of directions. Although the day to day running is done by the directors. Directors are elected by shareholders |
|
Public Limited Company (PLC) |
Registered under Companies Act 1985 |
Shareholders 2 or more (no maximum) |
Issuing shares (can be freely sold), bank loan |
Limited | |
|
Nationalised Industry |
Act of Parliament |
State owned |
Government assistance |
Limited |
Board of directors appointed by the government |
|
Co-operative |
Industrial and Provident Societies Acts |
Owned by members, whether the customers or workers |
Shares, .1 each with an upper limit of .10 000 |
Limited |
Management Committee elected by the members |
Sole Trader
|
Advantages |
Disadvantages |
|
1. Only a relatively small amount of capital is needed to start up the business. 2. The owner works for him or herself.
3. Decisions can be taken quickly.
4. Profits are not shared. |
1. Unlimited liability – could lose everything. 2. If the owner dies or is ill, hard to continue the business. 3. Difficult to obtain extra capital for expansion. 4. May lack ideas, as less people to ask. |
Partnership
|
Advantages |
Disadvantages |
|
1. More capital available 2. Each partner can specialise on a particular task. 3. Range of ideas available.
4. Partners can share any losses (and profits!) 5. Accounts need not be published. |
1. Unlimited liability 2. Action of one partner binding on others 3. May be problem of continuity on the death of a partner or if disagreement among partners 4. Capital may still be difficult to raise |