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ISBN 966-7809-24-2

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3

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<klmi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Jha^•e E•g•cg_ ijh]jZfm\Zggy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

AZ^Zq• e•g•cgh]h ijh]jZfm\Zggy 7

<eZklb\hkl• hkgh\gh€ aZ^Zq• e•g•cgh]h ijh]jZfm\Zggy 9

Kbfie_dkgbc f_lh^ j•r_ggy aZ^Zq• e•g•cgh]h ijh]jZfm\Zggy 11

Jha^•e G_e•g•cg_ ijh]jZfm\Zggy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

AZ]ZevgZ aZ^ZqZ g_e•g•cgh]h ijh]jZfm\Zggy 19

DeZkbn•dZp•y f_lh^•\ g_e•g•cgh]h ijh]jZfm\Zggy 21

Jha^•e H^gh\bf•jg• f_lh^b g_e•g•cgh€ hilbf•aZp•€. . . . . . . . . 24

F_lh^b ijyfh]h ihrmdm 24

F_lh^ jhaih^•em •gl_j\Zem gZ\i•e 24

F_lh^ N•[hgZqq• 25

Ihrmd f_lh^hf ³ahehlh]h i_j_lbgm´ 27

F_lh^ j•\ghf•jgh]h ihrmdm 28

F_lh^b ihrmdm a \bdhjbklZggyf ihe•ghf•Zevgh€ ZijhdkbfZp•€ 29

F_lh^ hp•gx\Zggy a \bdhjbklZggyf d\Z^jZlbqgh€ ZijhdkbfZp•€ 29

F_lh^ ihke•^h\gh]h hp•gx\Zggy a \bdhjbklZggyf d\Z^jZlbqgh€ ZijhdkbfZp•€ f_lh^ IZm_eeZ 31

F_lh^b ihrmdm a \bdhjbklZggyf iho•^gbo 32

F_lh^ GvxlhgZ JZnkhgZ 32

F_lh^ k_j_^gvh€ lhqdb f_lh^ ;hevpZgh 33

F_lh^ k•qgbo f_lh^ ohj^ 34

F_lh^ ihrmdm a \bdhjbklZggyf dm[•qgh€ ZijhdkbfZp•€ 34

4

Jha^•e ;Z]Zlh\bf•jg• [_a]jZ^•}glg• f_lh^b g_e•g•cgh€

F_lh^ G_e^_jZ ± F•^Z 37

F_lh^ OmdZ >`b\kZ 41

F_lh^ kijy`_gbo gZijyfd•\ IZm_eeZ 43

Jha^•e ;Z]Zlh\bf•jg• ]jZ^•}glg• f_lh^b g_e•g•cgh€

hilbf•aZp•€ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

F_lh^ Dhr• 48

F_lh^ GvxlhgZ 48

:e]hjblfb kijy`_gbo ]jZ^•}gl•\ 49

IZjlZg ± f_lh^ 50

F_lh^ AZml_g^ZcdZ 51

;Z]ZlhiZjZf_ljbqgbc ihrmd 52

D\Za•gvxlhg•\kvd• f_lh^b 52

:e]hjblf E_\_g[_j]Z FZjd\Zj^lZ 54

MaZ]Zevg_gbc ]jZ^•}glgbc Ze]hjblf 56

Hdj_f• \biZ^db maZ]Zevg_gh]h ]jZ^•}glgh]h Ze]hjblfm 57

1gl_]jZevgbc f_lh^ hilbf•aZp•€ 58

Jha^•e F_lh^b [Z]Zlh\bf•jgh€ hilbf•aZp•€ a

h[f_`_ggyfb. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

F_lh^ rljZngbo nmgdp•c 63

F_lh^ 6807 N•Zddh FZddhjf•dZ 65

Jha^•e F_lh^b hilbf•aZp•€ \ aZ^ZqZo ZijhdkbfZp•€ lZ

gZ\qZggy g_cjhggbo f_j_`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

NhjfZevgbc g_cjhg H^ghrZjh\bc i_jk_iljhg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

;Z]ZlhrZjh\bc i_jk_iljhg 74

5

Ihj•\gyevgZ oZjZdl_jbklbdZ f_lh^•\ hilbf•aZp•€ ijb gZ\qZgg•

[Z]ZlhrZjh\bo g_cjhggbo f_j_` 76

Kihkl_j•]Zxqbc Ze]hjblf gZ\qZggy 78

JZ^•Zevgh [Zabkg• g_cjhgg• f_j_`• 85

F_lh^b hilbf•aZp•€ \ aZ^ZqZo ZijhdkbfZp•€ 87

:e]hjblf deZkl_j j_]j_kLcgh€ ZijhdkbfZpL€ lZ ch]h

g_cjhf_j_`_\Z Lgl_jij_lZpLy 92

Jha^•e Ijh]jZfg• aZkh[b qbk_evgh€ hilbf•aZp•€. . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Hilbf•aZp•y • g_cjhgg• f_j_`• \ iZd_l• 0DWODE 107

Hilbf•aZp•y • g_cjhgg• f_j_`• \ Z\lhfZlbah\Zg•c kbkl_f•

©>•Z]ghklbdZª 117

<bkgh\db. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

E•l_jZlmjZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

>h^Zlhd Iml•\gbd aZ kibkdhf e•l_jZlmjb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

6

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M lhfm \biZ^dm dheb ihlj•[gh agZclb f•g•fmf nmgdp•€

F = c1x1+c2x2+...+cnxn,

fh`gZ i_j_clb ^h agZoh^`_ggy fZdkbfmfm nmgdp•€

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ai1x1 + ai2x2 +...+ ainxn + xn+i = bi (xn+i ³ 0),

9

Z h[f_`_ggy g_j•\g•klv

ai1x1 + ai2x2 +...+ ainxn ³ bi

\ h[f_`_ggy j•\g•klv

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M lhc `_ qZk dh`g_ j•\gyggy kbkl_fb h[f_`_gv

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