angls

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Методичні вказівки до практичних занять з англійської мови для студентів другого курсу спеціальності “Колесні та гусенечні транспортні засоби”, денної форми навчання. Уклали Г.М. Прошина,

Г.І. Булигіна, - Запоріжжя ЗНТУ, 2005. 74с.

Укладачі: Ганна Миколаївна Прошина, ст. викладач Галина Іванівна Булигіна, ст. викладач

Рецензент: Т.О. Сокол, ст. викладач

Відповідальний за випуск: Ю.О. Соболь, доцент

Затверджено:

На засіданні кафедри іноземних мов Протокол №10 від 06.2005

TEXT A

INSIDE THE CAR

The use of motor cars changes the life. People like to drive by car and cover long distances with comfort.

Let's have a look at the car. We are inside it. There is the seat for the driver in the front and three seats for passengers in the back. All round the car are windows to see out - except in the front. This is the windscreen and there are also things to sweep rain off it. We call them the windscreen wipers1.

When we drive the car we steer with the steering wheel. If there are obstacles in the way we stop the car with the brake - we brake the car. When the way is clear to go again we accelerate to help us move off. The

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car has a gear box and five gears. There is also a gear level. We change gears by pushing the gear level from one gear to the next. To help us to do this we have a foot-pedal. We call it the clutch. We put the clutch out to disengage the engine and we put the clutch in to make it drive again. When we want to stop the car we put on the hand-brake. To start the engine we switch on the ignition and press the starter. And lastly to change direction we signal with the indicators. With our hands we steer with steering wheel, change gear with gear level, and put on the hand brake. With our feet we accelerate by using the accelerator, stop by using the foot-brake and change gear by using the clutch.

Now let us look round the outside of the car. Front and rear come to the bumpers to protect the bodywork. In the four corners are the wheels. The bonnet covers the engine. There is also the compartment to contain your luggage, the tools for the car and the spare wheel. We call this compartment the boot. But why do we need a spare wheel? When a tyre goes flat2 all the air comes of it because it has a puncture. So we lift the car on a jack, change the wheel and drive on.

The main part of the engine consists of the cylinders and the valves. Air and petrol go into the engine by means of the carburetor. The petrol reaches the carburetor from the petrol tank through the action of the petrol pump. The mixture is ignited by an electric spark from one of the plugs. The electricity is stored3 in the battery and the battery is charged by the dynamo. The engine is often cooled by water from the radiator and lubricated by oil. The exhaust gases from the engine go away through a pipe. To control the operation of the engine we have a speedometer and an oil pressure gauge4, a thermometer and an ammeter to see if the dynamo charges the battery or not. These are the basic instruments.

At last what do we get? We get a lot of things. We have the steering - how to keep the car straight or make it turn. We have the brakes - how to stop the car; and the engine - how to make it go.

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ЗАВДАННЯ 1

Перекладіть слідуючі словосполучення з тексту письмово:

to cover long distance; to sweep the rain off the windscreen; to steer the car; to brake the car; gear lever; to put the clutch in (out); to start the engine; to switch on the ignition; to press the starter; foot-pedal; steering wheel; to change direction.

ЗАВДАННЯ 2

Назвіть, від яких дієслів утворені іменники:

driver; ignition; starter; direction indicator; accelerator; operation.

ЗАВДАННЯ 3

Дайте відповідь на слідуючі питання:

1.When do we steer with the steering wheel?

2.When do we put the clutch out?

3.When do we put on the hand-brake?

4.What do we do to start the engine?

5.What do we use bumpers for?

6.When do we use the spare wheel?

7.What do we use to keep the car straight or make it turn?

8.How do we call the compartment for the luggage?

9.Where is a seat for the driver? How many seats are there in a car for passengers?

10.What do the drivers use the windscreen wipers for?

11.What does the driver do when he sees an obstacle?

ЗАВДАННЯ 4

Поставте до кожної назви відповідну цифру, вказану на малюнку:

ЗАВДАННЯ 5

Назвіть англійські еквіваленти приведеним українським словам та

ЗАВДАННЯ 6

Знайдіть в кожному ряді слово, переклад якого даний на початку

Підготуйте короткі розповіді на запропоновані нижче теми, використовуючи приведені слова і вирази:

А) Салон автомобіля.

Seat for the driver, windscreen, steering wheel, the brake, a gear box, a gear lever, clutch engine, hand brake, ignition, the starter, foot brake, indicator, accelerator.

Б) Зовнішня частина автомобіля. Bodywork, bonnet, tools, the boot, a tyre.

В) Основні деталі двигуна.

Cylinder, valve, carburetor, to reach, petrol pump, to ignite, spark, plug, to charge, to cool, to lubricate.

ЗАВДАННЯ 8

Прочитайте та запам'ятайте слідуючі речення:

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ЗАВДАННЯ 2

Вкажіть тільки ті слова та словосполучення, які відносяться до теми "Engineering Materials". Перекладіть їх на українську мову:

Oil, ferrous, sound, non-ferrous, strength, non-metals, properties, engine, alloy, fuel, to machine, steering, rubber, driver, to improve, vehicle.

ЗАВДАННЯ 3

Визначте, чи відповідають слідуючі висловлювання змісту тексту. Використовуйте у своїй відповіді фрази:

as far as I know - наскільки мені відомо on the contrary - навпаки

1.non-metals are used by engineers

2.cast iron contains more carbon than steel

3.chromium improves the properties of steel

4.copper contains iron

5.bronze is an alloy

6.thermosets can be machined

7.thermoplastics are metals

8.ceramics can withstand high temperatures

ЗАВДАННЯ 4

Зв'яжітьпозмісту словосполученнязколонки А зколонками ВіС: