1 Suit a Food

2 telephone b Card

3 zebra c Case

4fire d Writer

5dish e alarm

6type f opener

7credit g brigade

8burglar h washer

9can I crossing

10junk j number

adjective and noun

1 fast a heating

2 remote b fries

3 social c food

4 high d control

5 central e cleaner's

6 common f rights

7 French g worker

8 dry h languages

9 human I school

10 modern j sense

1 They should put a............................. outside the school so that children don't get run over.

2 It's freezing in here - why don't you get............................... installed?

3 When I don't have time to cook I send the kids out to get some ............................... .

4 Is the................................ you get from your parents enough for your needs?

5 Can you send the................................ quickly - the house next door is on fire.

6 When you leave primary school and get to ............................. , lessons get much more difficult.

7 He'll never think of such a simple solution because he hasn't got any ................................

8 Who's got the......................... for the TV? I'm bored with this programme.

9 Could you get my suit from the ........................... for me on your way home?

10 After the last break-in, they decided to get a ............................ installed.

Exercise 6. Complete the phrases in (i) with a word from (ii) and then use them in the sentences below. To help you, the meaning of the phrase is given in brackets.

(i) (ii)

day-to man/woman-in-the- once-in-a-

down-to- ­ middle-of-the- ­round-the-

larger-than­ step-by-

earth life lifetime street road clock

step day

1 Although the Managing Director of Transcom was involved in major decisions, she left the .... day-to-day..... running of the company to her staff. (routine)

2 The Party will never regain power unless it can persuade …………voters that it has got rid itself of corruption. (not politically extreme)

3 Since the attempt to assassinate him last year, the Defence Minister has been given ......................... protection by the police. (all day and all night)

4 The bookcase came with simple, instructions on how to assemble it. (progressing from one stage to the next)

5 When the comet passes close to Earth next week, scientists will have a………... opportunity to study its effects on our atmosphere. (very rare)

6 Terry has a refreshing, approach to management. He's much less concerned with theory than with getting things done in the most efficient way possible. (practical)

7 The isn't interested in the finer points of the government's tax policy. They just want to know if they are going to take home more or less pay. (ordinary person)

8 Her father was a …… character who was well known throughout the village for his eccentric way of dressing and outspoken views. (more exaggerated than usual)

Exercise 7. Each space in the paragraph below is preceded by an "opportunity for error" (in bold font) in the formation of compounds. If the compound structure is correct, write a C in the space; if it is incorrect, write an I.

UNHAPPY IN NEW YORK

Two and a half.............years ago, my fifty-two year-old.............brother-in-law............., a highly-respected............. (and, might I add, well paid.............) vice president.............of a bank, moved to the forty-third.............floor of a high-rise.............apartment building in New York City. The building was brand-new.............and still about three-quarters.............empty. For us, this was unheard of.............luxury, and I remember standing in my in-laws'.............living-room............., looking out at all those sky-scrapers.............and down on Central Park under a full-moon.............in a coal-black.............sky, and thinking, "This is it! This is the best the twentieth-century.............has to offer!"

But my sister's-in-law.............reaction was not a happy one. We should've known all-along.............that our little understood.............and long-suffering.............relative would not be overly happy.............in that over-populated.............environment. In fact, her resistance to living there was greater than expected.............. In a matter-of-fact.............moment, and in her usual self-confident.............and thought provoking.............way, she said, "When I'm fifty five.............years of age............., I'll be out of here."

And she was nearly-right............., too, for a year-and-a-half.............later, they'd left behind the rat-race.............pace and helter skelter.............lifestyle.............of Manhattan's upper-west-side.............and moved back to their much-loved.............and happily familiar.............suburban hide-away.............in upstate-New-York............., northeast.............of Albany.

Exercise 8. Study the italicized words and make corrections where necessary.

1. Tom worked for a long time in (a) the parks department, but a few years ago he retrained, and now he's (b) a computers programmer. Of course, what he really wants to be is (c) a films star!

2. I was waiting at (a) the bus stop this morning when a cyclist on her way to the (b) girl school up the road got knocked off her bike. Someone got out of a car without looking and (c) the car's door hit her. She was very lucky not to be badly hurt, although she did have (d) a head cut.

3. I shouldn't be long at (a) the corner shop. I've just got three things on my (b) shopping list ­(c) a milk bottle, (d) a biscuit packet, and (e) some teethpaste. I'll also look for (f) some goat's cheese, but I don't think they'll have any.

4. This a very spacious ware house located in the heart of the industrial area in Kanifing..

5. If you live in a building with an entrance phone system, it's important that you use it properly to keep the property secure.

6. When Sue was cleaning her (a) arms chair, she found a lot of things that had slipped down the back.

7. If you suspect a clog is in the main drained pipe, locate the main clean out. 

8. He was invited to be a better man at the wedding, but he refused.

Exercise 9. First underline the two-word (phrasal) verbs in sentences 1-5, then complete sentences 6-10 with appropriate compound nouns related to these two-word verbs.

1 Dennis tried to cover up the fact that he had gambled and lost most of his money.

2 It is reported that cholera has broken out in the refugee camp.

3 I'm flying to Sydney, but I'm stopping over in Singapore for a few days on the way.

4 On the first Friday of each month, a few of us get together and play ten-pin bowling.

5 We set out from the camp early in the morning, hoping to reach the summit by midday.

6 The minister was taken ill in Iceland during a short on his way back to Canada.

7 We didn't have a big party for Jane's 50^th birthday, just a family ………....

8 Allegations of a of a major leak of radioactive waste from the nuclear power plant have been strongly denied by the Energy Ministry.

9 Only two years ago there was a serious of malaria in the town.

10 Even at the…………….. of the expedition, they knew they had little chance of crossing the desert.

Exercise 10. Fill in the right form of the words in brackets.

1. The water-fuelled car was his greatest .......... . (ACHIEVE)

2. Thanks to mobile phones, the emergency services come to people's .......... much faster these days. (ASSIST)

3. My first .......... for a holiday would be Tokio. (CHOOSE)

4. The .......... to the energy crisis is not nuclear, because of the enormous hidden costs, the toxic waste and simply because it is not renewable. (SOLVE)

5. The ..........looked dark and there were hardly any other guests. (ENTER)

6. A .......... for children has just opened near my workplace. ( NURSE )

7. Why do our ……. have difficulties in forecasting? (WEATHER+MAN)

8. He is said to be a ……., but I have never heard that he was married. (DIVORCE)

9. Mr. Chester works as a medical …….. . He gives professional advice to those suffering form heart diseases. (CONSULT)

10. It is an unconscious, universal ……., not the personal, conscious and rational ……. of the superior few. (SENSE)

Інколи іменники мають таку саму форму, як і дієслова, наприклад, charge, comment, contract, copy, debate, design, hope, look, plan, reply, study.

Вони можуть відрізнятися від дієслів:

a) наголосом: іменники мають наголошений перший склад

contrast, decrease, export, import, increase, present, progress, record, research, transfer

b) вимовою:

іменник use [ju:s] дієслово use [ju:z]

c) написанням:

іменник practice дієслово practise (BE)

але: practice practice (AE)

d) і написанням і вимовою:

іменник advice [s] дієслово advise [z]

device [s] devise [z]

Exercise 11. Practise pronouncing the words with different stresses. Make the list of such words adding your own examples. Do they have the same meaning?

1. "There's been an increase in the number of students." - "Numbers are increasing." 2. "We've seen a decrease in the bird population." - "Numbers are decreasing every year." 3."This is a cheap import." - "They import their oil from the UK." 4."Oil is one of their biggest exports." - "We need to export more". 5. "Is there a discount on this?" - "They discounted the theories." 6. "I'd like a refund please." - "We'll refund you 50%." 7. "Do you need a permit to fish here?" - "They won't permit her to leave the country." 8. "Your offer is so low it's an insult." - "Don't insult me!" 9. "He was a rebel when he was younger." - "He rebelled against authority." 10. "That's a rewrite of an old song." - "She rewrote her story."