- •Державний вищий навчальний заклад
- •Передмова
- •Перелік тем лекційних та семинарських занять. Їх розподілення у відповідності до кредитно-модульної системи
- •Topic 2 Classification of Germanic languages
- •Questions and tasks:
- •Topic 3 Historical phonology (1)
- •Questions and tasks:
- •Topic 4 Historical phonology (2)
- •Questions and tasks:
- •Topic 5 Historical morphology. The word-class noun and adjective
- •Questions and tasks:
- •Topic 7 Germanic alphabets and Germanic vocabulary
- •Questions and tasks:
- •Topic 8 East Germanic languages
- •Questions and tasks:
- •Topic 9 North and West Germanic languages
- •Questions and tasks:
- •Рекомендації до виконання індивідуальної роботи та індивідуальні завдання
- •2. Topics of reports (3-4 printed pages, for 5-7 minutes).
- •17. The Rhenish fan (linguistic geography on the second consonant shift)
- •43. Old Germanic vocabulary
- •3. Solve the following etymological tasks:
- •Готський алфавіт та правила читання готських текстів
- •Рекомендації до рішення етимологічних задач
- •Завдання для додаткового добору балів
- •Питання на іспит
- •2. Neogrammarian linguistics
- •3. Old Germanic tribes and dialects
- •Розподіл балів за модулями та критерії оцінювання
- •Глосарій термінів Ablaut - a system of vowel gradation (I.E. Regular vowel variations) in Proto-Indo-European and its far-reaching consequences in all of the modern Indo-European languages.
- •Перелік рекомендованої літератури
- •Основна
- •2. Додаткова
- •Перелік інтернет-ресурсів з курсу
Topic 4 Historical phonology (2)
1. Phonetic inventory and the structural system of oppositions in the Indo-European vocalic system
3. The development of IE e
4. Biphonemic clusters
5. Types of mutation
Key-words: umlaut, ablaut, palatal/velar mutation, assimilation, quantitative/qualitative changes, schwa indogermanicum, musical pitch tone, dynamic (force) stress.
Questions and tasks:
What functions of ablaut / umlaut do you know?
Which of the Proto-Indo-European vowels remained unchanged in the system of Germanic languages?
Which type of mutation was more popular in Germanic languages?
What are the stimuli of mutation?
Find the examples of words to illustrate the process of umlaut in Germanic languages
What kind of changes are called quantitative and which – qualitative ones? Bring the examples for each.
Find examples to illustrate the process of ablaut.
Prove the relatedness of the following words: Lat. aqua, Russ. Ока, OHG. aha, OE. ea «river».
Explain the relatedness of Engl. Goose and Germ. Gans.
Explain the sound change in the following words: ModGerm. Rücken and OHG hrukki.
Define the type of IE vowel interchange in the following:
Goth. bairan – bar – bērum – baurans
Goth. leiþan – laiþ – liþum – liþans
Goth. tiuhan – tauh – tauhum – tauhans
Goth. bindan – band – bundum – bundans
Goth. giban – gaf – gēbum – gibans
Goth. wairpan – warp – waurpum - waurpans
Define the type of IE vowel interchange in the following:
Germ. binden – Bund
Germ. springen – Sprung
Germ. finden – fand – gefunden
Germ. fahren - Fuhrt
Engl. begin – began – begun
Engl. swing – swung
Engl. bind – bound
Engl. bear – bore
Engl. break – broke
Engl. give – gave – given
Engl. run – ran – run
Engl. spin – span – spun
Engl. find – found
Engl. rise – rose – risen
There are Lat. flos, Goth. bloma, OHG bluoma, Germ. Blume. Are the abovementioned words genetically related? Explain vowel changes.
Prove relatedness and explain vowel changes in Goth. nati, OHG nezzi, Engl. net.
Look at the following: Lat. piscis, Goth. fisks, OE fisc, Engl. fish, Ger. Fisch and reconstruct IE vowel in the root of the word.
Prove the relatedness of lat. mater, OInd. matar, Russ. мать, Ukr. мати, OE moðor, OHG muoter, Engl. mother, Ger, Mutter.
Formulate the rule of the change IE e> Gmc. i looking at the correspondences Lat. ventus, Goth winds, Engl. wind, Germ. Wind.
There are Germ. Qual ‘trial, suffering’, OHG quelan, OE cwelan, Lith. gelti ‘sting’, Russ. колоть. Prove the relatedness and reconstruct IE root.
There are Germ. über, OHG ubar, Engl. over, OE ofar, Goth. ufar, Gk. hyper, Lat. super. Explain the correspondences and reconstruct IE root.
There are Germ. Flut ‘stream’, OHG flout, Goth. flodus, Engl. flood, Gk. plotos ‘floating’. Explain the correspondences and reconstruct IE root.
Topic 5 Historical morphology. The word-class noun and adjective
1. Changes in the 3-morpheme structure
2. The development of the category of case
3. The development of the category of number
4. The development of the category of gender
5. The rise of article
6. Strong and weak forms of adjective
Key-words: 3-morpheme structure, stem, stem-suffix, grammatical ending, dual number, 3-article system, 2-article system, case, gender, declension (vocalic, weak, minor) of nouns, a-(o-,u-,i-, etc.)-stem, category of definiteness/indefiniteness, strong/weak declension (adj.)