III. Language.

Exercise 7. Match words in column A with their translation in column B:

Column A	Column B
1.to carry 2. coach 3.steam engine 4.bundle 5.to drag 6.wheel 7.to pave 8.to repair 9.delay 10.fare	1.колесо 2.плата за проїзд 3.перевозити 4.ремонтувати 5.затримка 6.екіпаж 7.паровий двигун 8.пакет 9.мостити 10.тягнути

Exercise 8. Fill in the blanks using the following words:

a)internal combustion engine ; b) transportation ; c) goods; d) light weight; e) taxi cab.

1.The American word ____, and the remark “ transportation is civilization” was made by Henry Ford.

2. The next step was the use of pack animals for carrying____ .

3.The word is short for ____ which in turn comes from the words taximeter and cabriolet.

4.Dogs are still to be trained for dragging sledges in the Arctic because of ….. .

5. Electric motor and the …… are the main sources of power for transport.

Exercise 9. Find the right ending of the sentences and translate these sentences:

1. Motor transport includes …………………………….. .

a) ships, boats, yachts;

b) buses, lorries, motor cars;

c) airplanes, helicopters.

2. The history of transport is divided into ………………….. .

a) two stages;

b) three stages;

c) four stages.

3. The most ancient peoples were probably…………………….. .

a) sailors;

b) agrarians;

c) wanderers.

4. The next advance in land transport came with …………………. .

a) the invention of sail;

b) the invention of propeller;

c) the invention of wheel.

5. In cities like London ,rich people went on ……………. .

a) horseback;

b) own carriages.

IV. Comprehension.

Exercise 10. Agree or disagree with the following statements:

1. The word transport means to carry people or goods from place to place.

2. The first stage of the history of transport depended on the development of the steam engine.

3. Wanderers lived in settled homes.

4. The dog was probably one of the first transport animals.

5. The wheel led to the development of three-wheeled carts.

6. The first long-distance paved roads were made by Greeks.

7. Carriages correspond to the modern taxis.

8. Stretches of roads were handed over to groups called trusts.

Exercise 11. Answer the following questions:

1. What does the word transport mean ?

2. What stages is the history of transport divided into ?

3. What are the main sources of power for transport?

4. Why were porters usually the women ?

5. Why was the dog the first transport animals ?

6. What led to the development of four-wheeled waggons?

7. When did the roads get into a very bad state?

8. How did it become possible to travel by coaches?

V. Oral Practice.

Exercise 12. Speak about the main advances in land transport.

Exercise 13. Describe:

-how financial problems connected with the constructions of roads were solved in Great Britain and the United States;

- the functions of taximeter.

Exercise 14.Prove that we use land transport more often than any other means of transport in our everyday life.