evstifeeva_m_v_teoreticheskaya_fonetika_angliiskogo_yazyka_l
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М.В. Е•••!"##•а
ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКАЯ ФОНЕТИКА АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА
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М••••а И!"а#$%&•#•• «ФЛИНТА» И!"а#$%&•#•• «На-•а»
2012
1
УДК 811.111’34(075.8) ББК 81.2А•!"-1-923
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U&:*. =+"&". •аE:, F'&=%//&', '%:*&', Н&M@> !EDа•+*а'•@> +•/*+*E* М••••а Т.С.;
:а•U. =+"&". •аE:, U&B%•* :а=%U'@ +•&/*'а••@X <?@:&M, В"аU+D+'/:+> !&/EUа'/*M%••@> E•+M%'/+*%* Ка#а$%а••&а Н.А.;
:а•U. F%U. •аE:, U&B%•* :а=%U'@ а•!"+>/:&!& <?@:а, М&/:&M/:+> !&/EUа'/*M%••@> &I"а/*•&> !EDа•+*а'•@> +•/*+*E* К•)•&а Е.Г.
Е••••• •а М.В.
Е26 Т%&'%*+,%/:а< =&•%*+:а а•!"+>/:&!& <?@:а. Л%:B++, /%D+•а'@, EF'аG•%•+< : E,%I. F&/&I+% / М.В. ЕM/*+=%%Mа. — М. : ФЛИНТА : НаE:а, 2012. — 168 /.
ISBN 978-5-9765-1115-6 (ФЛИНТА)
ISBN 978-5-02-037670-0 (НаE:а)
В F&/&I++ M /Gа*&D M+U% +?"&G%•@ &/•&M•@% а/F%:*@ =&•%*+,%/:&> *%&'++ + F'а:*+:+ а•!"+>/:&!& <?@:а M /&M'%D%••&> "+•!M+/*+:%; F'+M%U%- •а &I&IW%••а< +•=&'DаB+< & :&DF&•%•*аX =&•%*+,%/:&> /+/*%D@. П&/&- I+% /&U%'G+* "%:B+&••EZ ,а/*[ + D%*&U+,%/:+% 'а?'аI&*:+ : /%D+•а'/:+D ?а•<*+<D, а *а:G% F'а:*+,%/:+% EF'аG•%•+<.
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УДК 811.111’34(075.8) ББК 81.2А•!"-1-923
ISBN |
978-5-9765-1115-6 |
(ФЛИНТА) |
© |
ЕM/*+=%%Mа М.В., 2012 |
ISBN |
978-5-02-037670-0 |
(НаE:а) |
© |
И?Uа*%"[/*M& «ФЛИНТА», 2012 |
2
CONTENTS
П'%U+/"&M+% .................................................................................................................. |
6 |
|
О* аM*&'а |
........................................................................................................................ |
8 |
|
PART I. Lectures and Seminars |
|
Lecture 1. ..................................................................................... |
INTRODUCTION |
10 |
§ 1. ................................................................................ |
Phonetics as a science |
10 |
§ 2. .............................................................. |
Process of oral speech production |
10 |
§ 3. .................................................................................. |
Aspects of phonetics |
12 |
§ 4. ................................................. |
Units and components of phonetic system |
14 |
§ 5. ................................................................................ |
Branches of phonetics |
15 |
§ 6. ..................................................................... |
Methods of phonetic analysis |
16 |
SEMINAR 1 ...................................................................................................................... |
|
17 |
Lecture 2. ................................ |
MAIN ASPECTS OF FUNCTIONAL PHONETICS |
19 |
§ 1. ............................................................ |
Phoneme: definition and functions |
19 |
§ 2. .................... |
Phonemes, allophones, phones: difference and relationships |
20 |
§ 3. ....................... |
Meaning of phonemes and allophones in teaching practice |
22 |
§ 4. ........................................................ |
Main views of the nature of phoneme |
24 |
§ 5. ............................................................. |
Methods of phonological analysis |
25 |
SEMINAR 2 ...................................................................................................................... |
|
28 |
Lecture 3. ............................................. |
THE SYSTEM OF ENGLISH PHONEMES |
30 |
§ 1. ................................................................ |
Vowel and consonant phonemes |
30 |
§ 2. |
Articulatory and phonological views on the classification |
|
................................................................................ |
of English consonants |
31 |
................................... |
2.1. General characteristics of English consonants |
31 |
.................................................................. |
2.2. Articulatory classification |
31 |
................................................................. |
2.3. Phonological classification |
33 |
........................................................................... |
2.4. Problem of affricates |
35 |
§ 3. |
Articulatory and phonological views on the classification |
|
...................................................................................... |
of English vowels |
37 |
........................................ |
3.1. General characteristics of English vowels |
37 |
.................................................................. |
3.2. Articulatory classification |
39 |
................................................................ |
3.3. Phonological classification |
42 |
3
|
3.4. Problem of diphthongs and diphthongoids ......................................... |
45 |
|
3.5. Problem of vowel length .................................................................... |
47 |
Seminar 3 |
....................................................................................................................... |
49 |
Lecture 4. |
MODIFICATIONS AND ALTERNATIONS |
|
....................... |
OF SPEECH SOUNDS IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE |
51 |
§ 1. ...................................... |
Types of sound variations in connected speech |
51 |
§ 2. ......................................... |
Modifications of sounds in connected speech |
52 |
....................... |
2.1. Modifications of consonants in connected speech |
52 |
................................. |
2.2. Modifications of vowels in connected speech |
56 |
.................................... |
2.3. Complex vowel and consonant modifications |
57 |
§ 3. ............................................................. |
Notion of alternation and its types |
57 |
§ 4. ............... |
Problem of phoneme identification. Main phonological schools |
60 |
Seminar 4 ...................................................................................................................... |
|
61 |
Lecture 5. ................................ |
SYLLABIC STRUCTURE OF ENGLISH WORDS |
63 |
§ 1. .............................................. |
Theories on syllable formation and division |
63 |
§ 2. .................................................................... |
Syllable formation in English |
66 |
§ 3. ....................................................................... |
Syllable division in English |
68 |
§ 4. ................................................... |
Functional characteristics of the syllable |
70 |
§ 5. ........................................... |
Graphic representation of syllables in English |
71 |
Seminar 5 ...................................................................................................................... |
|
72 |
Lecture 6. ................................................................. |
WORD STRESS IN ENGLISH |
74 |
§ 1. ................................................................................. |
Nature of word stress |
74 |
§ 2. ........................................................... |
Placement of word stress in English |
76 |
§ 3. .............................................................. |
Degrees of word stress in English |
76 |
§ 4. ................................................ |
Phonemic distribution in stressed syllables |
78 |
§ 5. .......................................................... |
Functions of the English word stress |
79 |
§ 6. .......................................................... |
Stress tendencies in modern English |
80 |
§ 7. ................................................................ |
Stress patterns of English words |
81 |
§ 8. ........................................................................ |
Basic rules of accentuation |
83 |
§ 9. ................. |
Variations of word stress in connected speech. Sentence stress |
84 |
Seminar 6 ...................................................................................................................... |
|
86 |
Lecture 7. ................................................................... |
INTONATION IN ENGLISH |
88 |
§ 1. ......................................................... |
General characteristics of intonation |
88 |
§ 2. ............................................... |
Foreign views of the problem of intonation |
88 |
§ 3. .............................................. |
Problem of intonation in Russian linguistics |
90 |
4
§ 4. |
Prosodic components of intonation. Structure |
|
|
of English intonation patterns .................................................................... |
91 |
§ 5. |
Methods of indicating intonation ............................................................... |
95 |
§ 6. |
Functions of intonation .............................................................................. |
96 |
§ 7. |
Phonological aspect of intonation .............................................................. |
98 |
§ 8. |
English rhythm .......................................................................................... |
99 |
SEMINAR 7 |
.................................................................................................................... |
100 |
Lecture 8. |
STYLISTIC AND REGIONAL VARIETIES |
|
|
OF ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION ........................................................ |
103 |
§ 1. |
Spoken language as the object of linguistic investigation ........................ |
103 |
§ 2. .......................................... |
Territorial varieties of English pronunciation |
104 |
........... |
2.1. National variants and regional accents of the English language |
104 |
.................................................................................. |
2.2. British English |
106 |
............................................................................. |
2.3. American English |
109 |
.............................................................................. |
2.4. Spread of English |
111 |
§ 3. ............................................. |
Stylistic varieties of English pronunciation |
112 |
................................ |
3.1. Style - forming and style - differentiating factors |
113 |
....................................................... |
3.2. Classification of phonetic styles |
115 |
SEMINAR 8 .................................................................................................................... |
|
117 |
|
PART II. Exercises |
|
Exercise Block ..........................................................................................................1 |
120 |
|
Exercise Block ..........................................................................................................2 |
126 |
|
Exercise Block ..........................................................................................................3 |
128 |
|
Exercise Block ..........................................................................................................4 |
133 |
|
Exercise Block ..........................................................................................................5 |
136 |
|
Exercise Block ..........................................................................................................6 |
138 |
|
Exercise Block ..........................................................................................................7 |
142 |
|
|
PART III. Supplementary Material |
|
Supplement ........................................................1. Proverbs, sayings, tongue twisters |
148 |
|
Supplement ............................................................................2. Phonetic phenomena |
155 |
|
Supplement ........................................................3. Stave representation of intonation |
158 |
|
Supplement .............................................................4. Step-by-step phonetic analysis |
161 |
|
Bibliography ................................................................................................................ |
163 |
|
5
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8
P A R T I
Lectures and Seminars
9