- •U n I t 4
- •Reading drills
- •1. Practise the pronunciation of the following words:
- •2. Name the word-building elements (suffixes, prefixes) and
- •Comments
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •I. Find equivalents:
- •II. Substitute the words in bold type by their synonyms:
- •IV. Fill in the blanks below with the most appropriate terms
- •V. Match each term in Column a with its definition in Column b:
- •1. In a free enterprise system
- •2. An economy is «mixed» when
- •3. Today in the American economy
- •4. Which of the following is a reason for government participation in the economy
- •IX. Translate into English:
- •X. Give the characteristic of the us economy using
- •Reading drills
- •1. Practise the pronunciation of the following words:
- •Comments
- •VI. Ask someone
- •VII. Retell the text in English according to the plan:
- •Grammar exercises Participle II
- •I. Form Participle II of the following verbs:
- •III. Translate into English:
- •IV. State the functions of Participle II:
- •The Present Perfect Tense
- •V. Make the sentences interrogative and negative:
- •VI. Give short and full answers:
- •VII. Do as you are told and say what you have done:
- •VIII. Answer the questions:
- •IX. Ask and answer questions according to the Pattern:
- •X. Put questions to the italicized words:
- •XI. Complete the Disjunctive Questions:
- •XII. Paraphrase the sentences, using the Present Perfect Tense
- •XIII. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Perfect:
- •XIV. Translate into Ukrainian:
- •XV. Translate into English:
- •The Functions of the Verb «to have»
- •XVI. Make the sentences interrogative and negative:
- •XVII. State the function of the verb «to have»:
- •XVIII. Translate into English:
- •Exercises for individual work
- •I. Choose the proper place of the adverb:
- •II. Insert since or for:
- •IV. Translate into English:
IX. Translate into English:
1. Cполученi Штати Америки — одна з найбiльших країн свiту. 2. Вона має розвинуту економiку, яка ґрунтується на вiльному пiдприємництвi. 3. Це означає, що люди можуть володiти капiталом i власнiстю та провадити власне діло для отримання прибутку. 4. Близько 90% послуг та товарiв, якi виробляються в країнi, надходять вiд приватних компанiй та фiрм. 5. Роль уряду в економiцi країни є настiльки важливою, що економiсти вважають її змiшаною економiкою. 6. Економiчна система поєднує елементи приватної та державної власностi на засоби виробництва. 7. США — високорозвинута капiталiстична країна. 8. Територiя США надзвичайно багата на такі корисні копалини, як вугiлля, нафта, природний газ, залiзна руда та руди кольорових металiв. 9. Це забезпечує мiцну базу для сучасної промисловостi країни. 10. У структурному складi промисловостi країни переважaє важка промисловiсть.
X. Give the characteristic of the us economy using
the following words and word-combinations:
free enterprise economy; to own capital and property; to run a business; for making profit; to make decisions; marketplace; goods and services; privately owned companies and firms; economic system; public ownership of the means of production; government’s role; mixed economy; private ownership; industrial and agricultural production; high level of economic development; great wealth of minerals; highly developed economy; solid base for modern industry; heavy industry; advanced technology; mining, chemical, machine-building, nuclear power, aeromissile industries; machine-tool industry; metallurgy.
Reading drills
1. Practise the pronunciation of the following words:
a) stress the first syllable:
operate, concentrate, dominant, summerize, rainfall, principal, average, output, grapefruit, sunflower, oats, barley, vegetable, hay, strawberry, quantity, arable, husbandry, highland, pasture, breeding, dairying;
b) stress the second syllable:
increase, exceed, domestic, tobacco, substantially, dramatically;
c) stress the third syllable:
corporation, irrigation, productivity, tangerine, scientifically.
Text B
Agriculture is one of the most important sectors of the US economy. It accounts for about 3 per cent of the GNP1. Farms are owned by the people who operate them and by business corporations. Farming2 is largely mechanized and scientifically controlled.
The dominant trend in American agriculture can be summerized in two words — increased productivity3. Gross agricultural output4 has increased dramatically: 50 years ago a farmer fed 10 people; at present the average farmer feeds 75.
American agriculture produces more food products than any other capitalist country. Production of most crops substantially exceeds domestic needs5, making the United States a leading exporter of food. About a fifth of the country’s territory is arable6. The rainfall is not high, and irrigation is widely used there. The principal crops grown in the country are: corn, wheat, soy-beans7, sugar-cane8 and sugar beets, sunflower, tobacco, hay, rice, cotton, oats, and barley.
The United States harvests a lot of vegetables such as tomatoes, potatoes and onions. Florida and California are famous for their fruit production. They grow oranges, lemons, tangerines and grapefruit. Strawberries, pears and apples are also produced in large quantities.
Animal husbandry is also developed in the country. Pastures9 occupy more than one-forth of the United States. The highlands in the West of the country are famous for their dairy and beef cattle breeding, pig raising, and sheep farming. Dairying is well developed, and milk, cheese, and butter production exceed domestic needs. Wool production10, leather and textile industries11 are also developed there. Poultry-farming and vegetable growing are concentrated in the countryside12 near all the big cities.