Тема 2: «Допоміжні дієслова» (auxiliary verbs)

До допоміжних дієслsd відносяться дієслова to be; to have; to do; shall; should; will; would. Ці дієслова вживаються і в модальному значенні.

1. Translate into Ukrainian. (Перекладіть українською)

1) TO BE

1. Matter is constantly changing and is constantly moving.__________________________________________________________________________

2. The Curies had been working for four years before they discovered radium. __________________________________________________________

3. Energy is measured in the same units as work. _________________________________________________________________________________

2) TO HAVE

1. He told her what had happened and left. ______________________________________________________________________________________

2. I will have read the story by 10 o’clock. ______________________________________________________________________________________

3. Have you ever been in Moscow? ____________________________________________________________________________________________

3) TO DO

1. Why did you not come by the 9 o’clock train? __________________________________________________________________________________

2. Don’t go away! __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Does he help you? — Yes, he does. __________________________________________________________________________________________

4) SHALL

1. I shall be tired after the lecture. _____________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Shall he begin the experience? ______________________________________________________________________________________________

3. You shall get all the necessary books tomorrow. ________________________________________________________________________________

5) SHOULD

1. I said that I should return on Sunday. _________________________________________________________________________________________

2. If he should come, I shall speak to him about it. ________________________________________________________________________________

3. You should have measured the difference in potential between the points X and Y. ____________________________________________________

6) WILL

1. We will help you if you wish. _______________________________________________________________________________________________

2. All right, I will do it. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Will you let me have a look at that letter? _____________________________________________________________________________________

7) WOULD

1. She said that they would have taken all the exams by the 21st of June. ______________________________________________________________

2. He said that he would return soon. ___________________________________________________________________________________________

3. He thought that we would be working all day. __________________________________________________________________________________

ТО 1. Моє місце в світі

Тема 3: «Активний стан» (The Active Voice)

Активний стан

В англійській мові розрізняють чотири групи часових форм дієслова: Indefinite Tenses — неозначені часи (інша назва Simple Tenses — прості часи); Continu­ous Tenses — тривалі часи; Perfect Tenses —перфектні або доконані часи; Perfect Continuous Tenses — перфектні тривалі часи. У кожній групі виділяються три основні часи — Present (теперішній). Past (минулий), Future (майбутній), а та­кож особлива форма Future-in-the-Past (майбутній віднос­но минулого).

Розкрийте дужки вживаючи Present Simple або Present Continuous	Напишіть речення у минулому часі	Вжийте вірну форму дієслова слова у дужках
	1. He always goes to work by car. Yesterday___________________________ 2. They always get up early. This morning they.___________________ 3. He often loses his keys. He________________________last Saturday. 4. I write a letter to Jane every week. Last Week_______________________________ 5. She meets her friends every evening. She _______________yesterday evening. 6. I usually read two newspapers every day. ____________________________yesterday. 7. They come to, my house every Friday. Last Friday__________________________ 8. We usually go to the cinema on Sunday_____________________ last Sunday. 9. Tom always has a shower in the morning____________________ this morning. 10.They buy a new car every year. Last year______________________________	1. When the girl ......... into the open street, she .......... upon a doorstep; and ......... for a few moments unable to pursue her way (to get, to sit down, to seem). 2. At that moment he ........... or at least he ............ exasperated (to suffer, to feel). 3. Young Mako .......... a match, ........... his pipe, and .......... them slowly (to strike, to light, to approach). 4. The storm grew worse and worse, and the rain fell in torrents, and little Hans could not see where he .......... (to go). 5. Leila felt the girls ........... really .......... her (to see – negative). 6. When there was nothing else he ............ raw onions (to eat). 7. “I .......... surely ......... very long,” returned Florence. “When .......... I .......... here? Yesterday?” (to sleep, to come) 8. When Katie ........... in the tea-tray, the boy ........... his eyes and ........... with a bewildered air (to bring, to open, to sit up).

Indefinite Tenses in the Passive Voice Present Indefinite Passive Особа Однина Множина 1 I am asked We are asked 2 You are asked You are asked 3 He (she) is asked They are asked Past Indefinite Passive Особа Однина Множина 1 I was asked We were asked 2 You were asked You were asked 3 He (she) was asked They were asked Future Indefinite Passive Особа Однина Множина 1 I shall/will be asked We shall/will be asked 2 You will be asked You will be asked 3 He (she) will be asked They will be asked Future in the Past Indefinite Passive Особа Однина Множина 1 I should/would be asked We should/would be asked 2 You would be asked  You would be asked  3 He (she) would be asked  They would be asked

Past Continuous Passive Особа Однина Множина 1 I was being asked We were being asked 2 You were being asked  You were being asked  3 He (she) was being asked  They were being asked  Perfect Tenses In the Passive Voice Present Perfect Passive Особа Однина Множина 1 I have been asked We have been asked 2 You have been asked  You have been asked  3 He (she) has been asked  They have been asked    Past Perfect Passive Особа Однина Множина 1 I had been asked We had been asked 2 You had been asked  You had been asked  3 He (she) had been asked They had been asked Future Perfect Passive Особа Однина Множина 1 I shall/will have been asked We shall/will have been asked 2 You will have been asked You will have been , asked 3 He (she) will have been asked They will have been asked Future in the Past Perfect Passive Особа Однина Множина 1 I should/would have been asked We should/would have been asked 2 You would have been asked You would have been asked 3 He (she) would have been asked They would have been asked

Неособові форми дієслова (інфінітив, дієприкметник, герундій) також мають форми пасивного стану. Форми активного стану мають всі дієслова англійської мови. Форми пасивного стану мають не всі дієслова, а в основному дієслова перехідні (Transitive Verbs), які означають дію, спрямовану на якийсь об'єкт, і приймають додаток прямий, непрямий або прийменниковий. Приклади перехідних дієслів в активному і пасивному станах: Активний стан Пасивний стан Jane's friends gave her many presents for her birthday. Jane was given many presents for her birthday. We shall discuss these questions at the next meeting. These questions will be discussed at the next meeting. Everybody listened to the lecturer with great attention. The lecturer was listened to with great attention.

ТО 1. Моє місце в світі Тема 4: «Поняття про пасивний стан» (The Passive Voice)

ТО 1. Моє місце в світі