Laborator._praktikum_po_obschej_himii
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Q = U + A |
(5.1) |
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Zn( ) + H2SO4 ) ZnSO4 ) + H2 ) +165,7 .
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= U + p V |
(5.2) |
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: °298.
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= –44,01 .
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+285,85 ( -
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. 5.1.
62
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1)
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° ,298= – ° ,298 |
(5.3) |
. . 5.1)
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(5.4) |
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1 , :
S = R·lnW, ( K) |
(5.5) |
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(5.6) |
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G = G°f,298 – G°f,298 . - |
(5.7) |
G . 0 S 0. 0, S 0,
0 S 0, S
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G =0, = S :
T |
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(5.8) |
S |
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(5.6) :
= G + S |
(5.9) |
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– G = Ap |
(5.10) |
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(II) 25° . -
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65
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H°f298, |
S°298, K |
G°f298, |
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FeO ) |
–264,8 |
0,061 |
–244,3 |
H2O ) |
–241,8 |
0,190 |
–228,6 |
H2( ) |
0 |
0,130 |
0 |
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Fe ) |
0 |
0,027 |
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FeO ) + H2( ) = Fe ) + H2O )
Go298, = Gof,298 ) – Gof,298 ( )
Go298, = –228,6 – (–244,3) = 15,7
G = H – T S
:
G = 0, H = T S, T = H/ S
H°298, = –241,8 – (–264,8)= 23( )
S°298, = 0,19 + 0,027 – 0,061 – 0,13 = 0,026 /K
= 23/0,026 = 884,6 K.
: = 298 K Go298, 0.
884,6 K.
5
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: HNO3 (0,2 ), NaOH (6 ).
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. 5.2. : 1 – -
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(HNO3) (NaOH).
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HNO3(p-p) + NaOH(p-p) = NaNO3(p-p) + 2 )
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H+(p-p) + NO3–(p-p) + Na+(p-p) + OH–(p-p) = Na+(p-p) + NO3–(p-p) + H2O( ).
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+ ) + – ) = 2 ),
(22)
= –56,9 ,
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–56,9 .
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–56,9 .
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Q = K · m · t · 4,184 , |
(23) |
K – ( -
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m – , ;
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m = V(HNO3) · (HNO3) + V(NaOH) · (NaOH) |
(24) |
V(HNO3) V(NaOH) – , ;(HNO3) (NaOH) – , 3;
t – ( ).
1 -
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H |
Q |
1000 |
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4,184 c m 1000 |
(25) |
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V(HNO3 |
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V(HNO3 ) C(HNO3 ) |
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(HNO3) – , ( ).
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5 . -
5.1.
5.1
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t, °C |
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t2 c |
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5.3. :
ab – , bd – , de –
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( ),
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2.
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5.2 |
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HNO3 |
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NaOH |
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1V1 + 2V2 |
t1 |
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0,2 |
1,01 |
100 |
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1,21 |
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-56,9 |
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, .
100 0,2 HNO3,
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5 4 6 NaOH
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5 . -
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t.
1.Q,
(23).
2..
1 ( ) (25).
4.,
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100% |
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° = –56,9 .
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