[Boyd]_cvxslides
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Newton’s method with equality constraints
given starting point x dom f with Ax = b, tolerance ǫ > 0. repeat
1. Compute the Newton step and decrement xnt, λ(x).
2.Stopping criterion. quit if λ2/2 ≤ ǫ.
3.Line search. Choose step size t by backtracking line search.
4. Update. x := x + t xnt.
•a feasible descent method: x(k) feasible and f(x(k+1)) < f(x(k))
•a ne invariant
Equality constrained minimization |
11–8 |
Newton’s method and elimination
Newton’s method for reduced problem
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minimize f(z) = f(F z + xˆ)
• variables z Rn−p
• xˆ satisfies Axˆ = b; rank F = n − p and AF = 0
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, generates iterates z |
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Newton’s method for f, started at z |
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Newton’s method with equality constraints when started at x(0) = F z(0) + xˆ, iterates are
x(k+1) = F z(k) + xˆ
hence, don’t need separate convergence analysis
Equality constrained minimization |
11–9 |
Newton step at infeasible points
2nd interpretation of page 11–6 extends to infeasible x (I.E., Ax 6= b)
linearizing optimality conditions at infeasible x (with x dom f) gives
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Ax − b |
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primal-dual interpretation
• write optimality condition as r(y) = 0, where
y = (x, ν), r(y) = ( f(x) + AT ν, Ax − b)
• linearizing r(y) = 0 gives r(y + |
y) ≈ r(y) + Dr(y)Δy = 0: |
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Ax − b |
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2f(x) AT |
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f(x) + AT ν |
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same as (1) with w = ν + |
νnt |
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Equality constrained minimization |
11–10 |
Infeasible start Newton method
given starting point x dom f, ν, tolerance ǫ > 0, α (0, 1/2), β (0, 1).
repeat |
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Compute primal and dual Newton steps |
xnt, νnt. |
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Backtracking line search on krk2. |
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t := 1. |
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while kr(x + t xnt, ν + t νnt)k2 > (1 − αt)kr(x, ν)k2, t := βt. |
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Update. x := x + t xnt, ν := ν + t |
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until Ax = b and kr(x, ν)k2 ≤ ǫ. |
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not a descent method: f(x(k+1)) > f(x(k)) is possible |
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directional derivative of kr(y)k2 in direction y = (Δxnt, νnt) is |
dt kr(y + t y)k2 t=0 = −kr(y)k2 |
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Equality constrained minimization |
11–11 |
Solving KKT systems
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solution methods
•LDLT factorization
•elimination (if H nonsingular)
AH−1AT w = h − AH−1g, Hv = −(g + AT w)
• elimination with singular H: write as
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H + AT QA AT |
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AT Qh |
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with Q 0 for which H + AT QA 0, and apply elimination
Equality constrained minimization |
11–12 |
Equality constrained analytic centering
primal problem: minimize − |
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i=1 log xi subject to Ax = b |
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dual problem: maximize −b |
TP |
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ν)i + n |
ν + Pi=1 log(A |
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three methods for an example with A R100×500, di erent starting points
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Newton method with equality constraints (requires x(0) 0, Ax(0) = b) |
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Equality constrained minimization |
11–13 |
2. Newton method applied to dual problem (requires AT ν(0) 0) |
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infeasible start Newton method (requires x(0) 0) |
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kr(x |
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Equality constrained minimization |
11–14 |
complexity per iteration of three methods is identical
1. use block elimination to solve KKT system
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diag(x)−2 |
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diag(x)−11 |
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