Unit 2 The Present Simple Tense Настоящее простое время

Образование

1 форма глагола (V1) - инфинитив

В 3-м лице единственного числа глаголы в PresentSimpleимеют окончание –s; а если глагол оканчивается на –o, -s, -ss, -sh,ch, -x, то окончание –es:

meet – meets

go – goes

finish – finishes

discuss – discusses

Если глагол оканчивается на –ycпредшествующей согласной, то к нему прибавляется окончание –es, а букваy меняется наi:

study – studies

Утвердительная форма

I read

You read

He reads

She reads

It sleeps

We read

You read

They read

Отрицательная форма

I do not (don’t) read

You do not (don’t) read

He does not (doesn’t) read

She does not (doesn’t) read

It does not (doesn’t) read

We do not (don’t) read

You do not (don’t) read

They do not (don’t) read

Вопросительная форма

Do I sleep?

Do you sleep?

Does he sleep?

Does she sleep?

Does it sleep?

Do we sleep?

Do you sleep?

Do they sleep?

Употребление

The Present Simple Tense употребляется для выражения:

а) обычного, повторяющегося действия (очень часто со следующими наречиями времени:

often – часто

always – всегда

usually – обычно

seldom – редко

rarely – редко

sometimes – иногда

never – никогда

generally – обычно

as a rule – как правило

every day (week, month, year …) – каждый день (неделю, месяц, год…)

once a week (month, year …) – раз в неделю (месяц, год …)

б) будущего действия, обусловленного расписанием (полет, прибытие или отправление поезда и т.д.)

You arrive at Brighton at 6.30 local time.

в) непреложной истины, постоянной характеристики людей или предметов

Do you like rainy weather?

The sun sets in the West.

г) действия, которое происходит в данный момент с глаголами, не употребляющимися в Continuous

to hear – слышать

to see – видеть

to notice – замечать

to recognize – узнавать

to smell – пахнуть

to taste – быть на вкус

to believe – верить

to feel (that) – чувствовать, что

to know – знать

tothink(that) – полагать, что

tomean– подразумевать, иметь в виду

to suppose – предполагать

to understand – понимать

to forget – забывать

to remember – помнить

tolike– любить, нравиться

todislike– не любить

to hate – ненавидеть

to love – любить

to want – хотеть

to wish – желать

to belong to – принадлежать

to consist of – состоять

to have – иметь, обладать

to refuse – отказываться

I am afraid I don’t understand your question.

The soup smells good.

What do you think of the city? – I think it’s wonderful.

Но:

She is smelling the rose.

What are you thinking about?

д) будущего действия в придаточных предложениях условия и времени после союзов: when (когда), after (после), before (до того, как; прежде чем), as soon as (как только), until (пока не), if (если), in case (в случае если).

I’ll tell you the secret if you promise to keep it.

Banker’s Wife’s Blues

• Where does John live?

• He leaves near the bank.

• Where does he work?

• He works at the bank.

• When does he work?

• He works all day

and he works all night

at the bank, at the great big bank.

• Where does he study?

• He studies at the bank.

• Where does he sleep?

• He sleeps at the bank.

• Why does he spend all day, all night,

at the bank, at the bank?

• Because he loves his bank

more than his wife

and he loves his money

more than his life.

Exercise 1. Will you have a talk with each other?

Model I.

• I finish my work at 5. And what about you?

• I don’t finish my work at 5. I finish my work at 6.

1. I stay at home in the evenings. (to go out)

2. We meet customers in the evening. (in the morning)

3. Our engineers have lunch at 1 o’clock. (at 12)

Model II.

• My friend finishes his work at 5. And what about your friend?

• My friend doesn’t finish his work at 5. He finishes his work at 6.

1. Our manager stays in the office all day. (till 5)

2. Our secretary reads cables and faxes in the morning. (after lunch)

3. Our programmer does a lot of work. (little)

Model III.

• I come to the office at 10 in the morning.

• Do you really come to the office at 10?

• Yes, I do.

1. I go out every evening.

2. Our engineers meet customers every morning.

3. We finish our work at 5.

Model IV.

• I know Mr. Bell comes to the office at 8.

• Does he really come to the office at 8?

• Yes, he does.

1. I know Nancy stays in the office after 6.

2. I know Mr. Bell has lunch at 2 every day.

3. I know Ivanov often goes on business to London.

Exercise 2. Use the following words: always, often, sometimes, seldom, usually.

Model I

• I come to the office at 10.

• And I sometimes come to the office at 10.

1. I have lunch at 2.

2. I stay in the office all day.

3. Our manager meets customers in the morning.

4. Our secretary reads cables and faxes in the morning.

5. My wife comes home at 7 in the evening.

6. Our engineers are busy till 6 o’clock.

Model II

• I don’t come to the office at 9.

• When do you usually come to the office?

• I always come to the office at 8.

1. I don’t finish my work at 6. (at7)

2. Our manager doesn’t meet customers in the morning. (after lunch)

3. Mr. Bell doesn’t come to the office at 6. (at 7)

4. Our engineers don’t have lunch at 3. (at 2)

Exercise 3. Put questions to the subject.

Поставьте вопросы к подлежащему.

Model 1

• Nancy doesn’t write letters in the office.

• And who writes letters?

• Sally does.

1. Mr. Bell doesn’t meet customers in the office. (Mr. Black)

2. My son doesn’t drink coffee in the morning. (my wife)

3. Our secretary doesn’t translate letters. (our managers)

Model 2

• Does your friend know foreign languages?

• Yes, he does.

• How many languages does he know?

• He knows two languages.

1. Does your wife speak foreign languages?

2. Do your managers know Pascal?

3. Does your partner often have talks?

Exercise 4. Put questions, using the following model:

• Your Export-Import Manager speaks good English, doesn’t he?

• Yes, he does.

1. to work at the Ministry for Foreign Economic Relations (Ivanov)

2. to translate letters from Russian into English (you)

3. to discuss many problems at the talks (your Sales managers)

4. to speak English to customers (your President)

5. to have a lot of talks every week (your Commercial Director)

6. to be tired after your work (you)

7. to prefer a game of tennis to your English lesson (you)

Exercise 5. Put questions to the following sentences:

1. I always have talks on Wednesday.

2. Yes, my partner usually speaks English at the talks.

3. Yes, sometimes I meet customers from different countries.

4. Yes, our managers learn foreign languages.

Exercise 6. Say and respond as in the model.

а) I’d like to – я хотел бы

• I’d like to discuss some business matters with you.

• Sorry, I am busy now. Let’s discuss them after lunch.

1. to look through the new catalogues;

2. to show the equipment to our customers;

3. to write letters to some foreign companies;

4. to discuss the terms of payment

б) to be interested in doing something – быть заинтересованным в чем-либо, интересоваться чем-либо

• We are interested in buying machines from French companies.

1. to buy equipment from British companies;

2. to sell office equipment to Blake & Co;

3. to buy new machines from Smith & Co;

4. to receive offers from British companies;

5. to do business with GML;

6. to make contracts with French companies