- КРО / КРО рп

Earth. The physical constraints lie in the body of the spaceship rather than the body of the astronaut. Limited storage and cooking facilities, with no space or power to (3) … for complex food preparation, mean that the (4) … for space nutritionists has gone beyond providing astronauts with food that is palatable and good for them. The solution has emerged in the (5) … of dehydrated foods. Simply add water to the freezedried granules and ... bon appetitit! With space flights often (6) … more than a week, astronauts cannot live on granules alone. They also take pre-cooked meals (7) … in bags, which they (8) … up in a small oven. These are tastier than granules but, according to Dr Helen Lane, a research nutritionist, it is difficult to get astronauts to eat as much as they need. It's partly that they are so busy but also because there is no (9) … to eat. So tickling their taste buds is an (10) … struggle, especially since one of the effects of zero gravity is to (11) … the sense of smell. Weightlessness is an important (12) … in space food because of the danger that the food might (13) … and float off in different (14) … "We need foods that coalesce," says Dr Lane. "Yoghurts, puddings, sauces all (15) … together in large droplets. Your spoon may float away, but the food will stay on it".

Task 2. For questions 1–10, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the space in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0).

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i)the set of keys on a machine such as a computer

j)moral rules or principles of behaviour for deciding what is right and wrong

Task 4. For questions 1–6 read through the following text and then choose from the list A–I below the best phrase to fill each of the spaces. Write one letter (A–I) in the correct box on your answer sheet. Some of the suggested answers do not fit at all.

THE HISTORY OF @

The universal symbol of Internet era communications, the @ sign used in e-mail addresses to signify the word ''at'', is actually a 500-year-old invention of Italian merchants, a Rome academic has revealed. Giorgio Stabile, a science professor at La Sapienza University, claims (1) ... of the symbol's use, as an indication of a measure of weight or volume. He says the sign represents an amphora, a measure of capacity based on the terracotta jars used

(2)... in the ancient Mediterranean world. The professor unearthed the ancient symbol in the course of research for a visual history of the 20th century,

(3)... The first known instance of its use, he says, occurred in a letter written by a Florentine merchant on May 4, 1536. He says the sign made its way along trade routes to northern Europe, where it came (4) ..., its contemporary accountancy meaning.

Professor Stabile believes that Italian banks may possess even earlier documents bearing the symbol lying forgotten in their archives. "The oldest example could be of great value. It could be used for publicity purposes and

(5)...," he says. The race is on between the mercantile world and the banking world (6) ...

Ato describe the now omnipresent squiggle

Bto represent "at the price of"

Cto see who has the oldest documentation of @

Dto transport grain and liquid

Eto save space and work

Fto be published by the Treccani Encyclopedia

Gto learn how popular it has become

Hto have stumbled on the earliest known example

Ito enhance the prestige of the institution that owned it

Task 5. Prepare a report on the positive and negative effects of robots.

Task 6. Write a discursive essay: GM foods will not combat world poverty (250–300 words).

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Вариант 10

Task 1. Choose the most suitable word for each space. The exercise begins with an example (0).

Whenever we read about the natural world nowadays, it is generally to be (1) … dire predictions about its imminent destruction. Some scientists go so (2) … as to assert that from now on, the world can no longer be called ''natural'', insofar as future processes of weather, (3) …, and all the interactions of plant and animal life will no longer carry on in their time-honoured way, unaffected by (4) … There will never be such a thing as ''natural weather'' again, say such writers, only weather (5) … by global warming. It is hard to know whether to believe such (6) … of doom, possibly because what they are saying seems too terrible to be (7) …

There are other equally influential scientists who argue that climate, for example, has changed many times over the (8) …, and that what we are experiencing now may simply be part of an endless cycle of change, rather than a disaster on a global (9) … One cannot help wondering whether these attempts to wish the problem away (10) … underline the extent to which western industrialised countries are to blame for upsetting the world's (11) … It is not our fault, they seem to be saying, because everything is all right, really!

One certain (12) … which is chilling in its implications, is that there is no longer anywhere on the earth's (13) …, whether in the depths of the oceans or in the polar wastes, which is not (14) … by polluted air or (15) … with empty cans and bottles. Now we are having to come to terms with understanding just what that means, and it is far from easy

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Task 2. For questions 1-10, read the text below. Use the words to form one word that fits in the same numbered space in the text.

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g)someone who works in the science concerned with the study of physical

h)objects and substances, and of natural forces such as light, heat and movement

i)the science of changing the genetic structure of an animal, plant or human in order to affect the way it develops

j)the smallest part of a living thing that can exist independently

Task 4. For questions 1–6 below, read the following text and then choose from the list A-J given below it the best phrase to fill each of the spaces. Each correct phrase may be used once. Some of the suggested answers do not fit at all. The exercise begins with an example (0).

THE INTERNET'S IMPACT

For some, the advent of television marked the beginning of the end of civilised society. More and more, people have watched TV at the cost of playing cards or board games, or other communal pastimes. Many fear that

(0) J .

That may be true but, as researchers at Stanford University in the USA are the first to say, further study is needed. In a recent survey they found that

(1) … What's more, people who go online are likely to watch less television than others.

The study makes two things clear. Contrary to all the fuss in the media, the Internet's popularity is still in its infancy. More than half of US households are not connected yet, but (2) …

Workers may be using the Web on the job for such personal ends as checking sports scores but, according to the study, (3) … Just 4 per cent of the surveyed Internet users said they had cut back on their working hours since getting connected to the Internet.

But will the Internet make us more isolated socially? While a fourth of the Internet users say they spend less time talking on the telephone with friends and relatives, (4) … Since e-mail is free and can be sent and received at any hour of the day, it has many built-in advantages. For some, it has actually revived the highly social art of letter writing. As for spending less time on the telephone, (5) …

Few would argue that the Internet has had a profound effect on the lives of many in its first decade of common use. But assessing its long-term impact is difficult. That's why for all the questions they raise, (6) … If we don't pay close attention to how we use the Internet, it will change our lives not just for better, but for worse.

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Athey also use the Internet to work from home

Bthe continuing boom in mobile phone use makes an overall decrease less and less likely

Cthey also use it to buy and sell shares on the stock market

Dtheir phone bills are much lower

Estudies such as Stanford's are so useful

Fthe Internet's potential impact on how we live and interact is enormous

Ge-mail allows them to stay in touch, regardless of distance

Hpeople will always find the Internet attractive

Ihe Internet and the use of e mail have actually increased some forms of human interaction

Jthe Internet too will further limit social interaction

Task 5. Prepare a report on the positive and negative effects of cars.

Task 6. Write a discursive essay on the benefits and drawbacks of using robots instead of people. (250–300 words)

4. ТЕКУЩИЙ И ИТОГОВЫЙ КОНТРОЛЬ РЕЗУЛЬТАТОВ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ ДИСЦИПЛИНЫ

4.1. Текущий контроль

Цели: отслеживание прогресса и ликвидации возможных пробелов в знаниях, умениях и навыках обучающихся. Данный контроль проводится на каждом занятии в письменной или устной форме в соответствии с тематикой и видами заданий.

Формы:

Устная форма контроля предусматривает:

реферирование статей на английском или русском языках на английский язык с выходом на тему,

беседу на различные темы,

выполнение творческих и проблемных заданий,

выполнение заданий в формате экзаменов FCE, CAE: Speaking. Письменная форма контроля предусматривает:

написание письменной творческой работы,

выполнение письменных заданий в формате экзаменов FCE, CAE: Writing,

лексико-грамматический тест,

выполнение заданий в формате экзаменов FCE, CAE: Reading,

Listening, Use of English,

перевод с русского языка на английский.

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Оценивание: знания и навыки студентов оцениваются следующим образом:

4.2. Итоговый контроль

Цели: проверка качества результатов изучения дисциплины по итогам каждого семестра. Данный контроль проводится один раз в конце каждого семестра в виде зачета или экзамена. Контроль проходит в письменной и устной форме.

Форма: экзамен в 9 семестре и зачет в 10 семестре. Письменная форма итогового контроля состоит из:

1)контрольной работы;

2)чтения и аудирования (понимания содержания).

Устная форма итогового контроля состоит из:

3)вокабуляра;

4)устного высказывания в рамках изученных тем;

5)реферирования текста с русского языка на английский язык с выходом на тему.

Студенты допускаются к зачету и экзамену по результатам текущего контроля, а также при условии успешного и своевременного выполнения контрольной работы.

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Суммарный рейтинг зачета и экзамена равен 200 баллам:

Зачет и экзамен считаются сданными, если студент набрал 100 бал-

лов.

Критерии оценивания

1.Контрольная работа (содержание и критерии оценивания приведены в разделе 3.2 и 3.4.).

2.Чтение и аудирование (с извлечением информации): 30 баллов. Задания к текстам для чтения и аудирования составляются в фор-

мате международных экзаменов по английскому языку CPE, FCE, и предполагают проверку понимания и умений извлекать необходимую информацию.

Виды тестов:

тесты множественного выбора (с 3–4 вариантами ответов);

тесты на сопоставление, соотнесение информации;

тесты на заполнение пробелов.

Текст для аудирования прослушивается дважды. Тест на аудирование содержит 10 заданий, тест на чтение – 20 (2 вида заданий).

Каждое правильно выполненное задание оценивается в 1 балл.

3. Вокабуляр: 30 баллов.

Вокабуляр сдается полностью (100 %) до экзамена по спискам из не менее 50 слов (допускается 3 ошибки на список) – 30 баллов. В случае, если студент не успел сдать по указанным условиям, он обязан выполнить работу по вокабуляру на экзамене.

4. Устное высказывание в рамках пройденных тем. Время подготовки высказывания 2–4 минуты. Стимулами для высказывания могут служить:

вопросы открытого типа;

цитаты известных людей;

утверждения дискуссионного/противоречивого характера;

визуальный ряд (картинки, видеосюжет).

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Время высказывания 2–3 минуты. Максимальный балл – 20.

5. Реферирование текста с выходом на тему. Объeм реферируемого текста – 3000–3500 знаков. Язык реферируемого текста: русский.

Время подготовки реферирования 20 минут. Максимальное количество баллов – 40.

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