TABLE 2.13 Viscosity Conversion Table

Centistokes to Saybolt, Redwood, and Engler units.

		Poise cgs unit of absolute viscosity			Centipoise		0.01 poise
		Stoke cgs unit of kinematic viscosity			Centistoke		0.01 stoke
		Centipoises	centistokes	density (at temperature under consideration)
			Reyn (1 lb · s per sq in)		69 10 5 centpoises
Cf.	Jour. Inst. Pet. Tech.,		Vol. 22, p. 21 (1936); Reports of A. S. T. M. Committee D-2, 1936 and 1937.
The values of Saybolt Universal Viscosity at 100				F and at 210		F are taken directly from the comprehensive
ASTM Viscosity Table, Special Technical Publication No. 43A					(1953) by permission of the publishers, American
Society for Testing Materials, 1916 Race St., Philadelphia 3, Pa.

		Saybolt Universal Viscosity at			Redwood Seconds at							Engler
												Degrees at
												Degrees at
Centistokes		100 F.	130 F.	210 F.	70 F.	140	F.		200	F.		all Temps.

	2.0	32.62	32.68	32.85	30.2	31.0			31.2			1.14
	3.0	36.03	36.10	36.28	32.7	33.5			33.7			1.22
	4.0	39.14	39.22	39.41	35.3	36.0			36.3			1.31
	5.0	42.35	42.43	42.65	37.9	38.5			38.9			1.40
	6.0	45.56	45.65	45.88	40.5	41.0			41.5			1.48
	7.0	48.77	48.86	49.11	43.2	43.7			44.2			1.56
	8.0	52.09	52.19	52.45	46.0	46.4			46.9			1.65
	9.0	55.50	55.61	55.89	48.9	49.1		49.7			1.75
	10.0	58.91	59.02	59.32	51.7	52.0		52.6			1.84
	11.0	62.43	62.55	62.86	54.8	55.0			55.6		1.93
	12.0	66.04	66.17	66.50	57.9	58.1			58.8		2.02
	14.0	73.57	73.71	74.09	64.4	64.6			65.3		2.22
	16.0	81.30	81.46	81.87	71.0	71.4			72.2		2.43
	18.0	89.44	89.61	90.06	77.9	78.5			79.4		2.64
	20.0	97.77	97.96	98.45	85.0	85.8			86.9		2.87
	22.0	106.4	106.6	107.1	92.4	93.3			94.5		3.10
	24.0	115.0	115.2	115.8	99.9	100.9	102.2				3.34
	26.0	123.7	123.9	124.5	107.5	108.6		110.0			3.58
	28.0	132.5	132.8	133.4	115.3	116.5			118.0		3.82
	30.0	141.3	141.6	142.3	123.1	124.4			126.0		4.07
	32.0	150.2	150.5	151.2	131.0	132.3		134.1			4.32
	34.0	159.2	159.5	160.3	138.9	140.2		142.2			4.57
	36.0	168.2	168.5	169.4	146.9	148.2			150.3		4.83
	38.0	177.3	177.6	178.5	155.0	156.2		158.3			5.08
	40.0	186.3	186.7	187.6	163.0	164.3			166.7		5.34
	42.0	195.3	195.7	196.7	171.0	172.3		175.0			5.59
	44.0	204.4	204.8	205.9	179.1	180.4		183.3			5.85
	46.0	213.7	214.1	215.2	187.1	188.5			191.7		6.11
	48.0	222.9	223.3	224.5	195.2	196.6			200.0		6.37
	50.0	232.1	232.5	233.8	203.3	204.7			208.3		6.63
	60.0	278.3	278.8	280.2	243.5	245.3			250.0		7.90
	70.0	324.4	325.0	326.7	283.9	286.0			291.7		9.21
	80.0	370.8	371.5	373.4	323.9	326.6			333.4		10.53
	90.0	417.1	417.9	420.0	364.4	367.4			375.0		11.84
	100.0*	463.5	464.4	466.7	404.9	408.2			416.7		13.16

* At higher values use the same ratio as above for 100 centistokes;					e.g.,	102 centistokes			102	4.635Saybolt seconds at
100 F.
To obtain the Saybolt Universal viscosity equivalent to a kinematic viscosity determined at									t F., multiply the equivalent
Saybolt Universal viscosity at 100			F. by 1 (t 100) 0.000064; e.g.,			10 centistokes	at	210	F	are equivalent to			58.91
1.0070,	or 59.32 Saybolt Universal Viscosity at 210			F.

						GENERAL INFORMATION, CONVERSION TABLES, AND MATHEMATICS																		2.83
TABLE 2.14					Conversion of Weighings in Air to Weighings in Vacuo
		If the mass of a substance in air is							m	f, its density m		, the density of weights used in making the												weighing
w	, and the density* of air						a , the true mass of the substance in vacuo,									is					m vac ,
												1					1
									m	vac	m f a m	f
									m	vac	m f a m	f	m					w
		For most purposes it is sufﬁcient to assume a density of 8.4 for brass weights, and a density of 0.0012 for
air under ordinary conditions. The equation then becomes
								m		m f 0.0012		m f			1				1
								m	vac	m f 0.0012		m f		m						8.4
		The table which follows gives the values of									k (buoyancy reduction factor), which is the correction necessary
because of the buoyant effect of the air upon the object weighed; the table is computed for air with the density
of	0.0012;			m	is	the weight in grams of the			object		when weighed in air;				weight						of object		reduced to “in
vacuo”			m	km		/1000.

											Buoyancy	reduction factor,											k

			Density of				Brass weights,				Pt or Pt-Ir								Al or quartz weights,						Gold weights,
		object weighed					density 8.4			weights, density		21.5										density	2.7		density 17

			0.2				5.89				5.98								5.58					5.97
			0.3				3.87				3.96								3.56					3.95
			0.4				2.87				2.95								2.55					2.94
			0.5				2.26				2.35								1.95					2.34
			0.6				1.86				1.95								1.55					1.93
			0.7				1.57				1.66								1.26					1.65
			0.75				1.46				1.55								1.15					1.53
			0.80				1.36				1.45								1.05					1.43
			0.82				1.32				1.41								1.01					1.39
			0.84				1.29				1.37								0.98					1.36
			0.86				1.25				1.34								0.94					1.33
			0.88				1.22				1.31								0.91					1.29
			0.90				1.19				1.28								0.88					1.26
			0.92				1.16				1.25								0.85					1.24
			0.94				1.13				1.22								0.82					1.21
			0.96				1.11				1.20								0.80					1.18
			0.98				1.08				1.17								0.77					1.16
			1.00				1.06				1.15								0.75					1.13
			1.02				1.03				1.12								0.72					1.11
			1.04				1.01				1.10								0.70					1.08
			1.06				0.99				1.08								0.68					1.06
			1.08				0.97				1.06								0.66					1.04
			1.10				0.95				1.04								0.64					1.02
			1.12				0.93				1.02								0.62					1.00
			1.14				0.91				1.00								0.60					0.98
			1.16				0.89				0.98								0.58					0.96
			1.18				0.87				0.96								0.56					0.95
			1.20				0.86				0.95								0.55					0.93
			1.25				0.82				0.91								0.51					0.89
			1.30				0.78				0.87								0.47					0.85

* See Table 5.15, Speciﬁc Gravity of Air at Various Temperatures.

2.84					SECTION 2
TABLE 2.14		Conversion of Weighings in Air to Weighings in Vacuo (					Continued	)

					Buoyancy	reduction factor,	k

	Density of		Brass weights,		Pt or Pt-Ir		Al or quartz weights,			Gold weights,
	object weighed		density 8.4		weights, density	21.5	density	2.7		density 17

1.35		0.75		0.83			0.44		0.82
1.40		0.71		0.80			0.40		0.79
1.50		0.66		0.74			0.35		0.73
1.6		0.61		0.69			0.30		0.68
1.7		0.56		0.65			0.25		0.64
1.8		0.52		0.61			0.21		0.60
1.9		0.49		0.58			0.18		0.56
2.0		0.46		0.54			0.15		0.53
2.2		0.40		0.49			0.09		0.48
2.4		0.36		0.44			0.05		0.43
2.6		0.32		0.41			0.01		0.39
2.8		0.29		0.37			0.02		0.36
3.0		0.26		0.34			0.05		0.33
3.5		0.20		0.29			0.11		0.27
4		0.16		0.24			0.15		0.23
5		0.10		0.18			0.21		0.17
6		0.06		0.14			0.25		0.13
7		0.03		0.12			0.28		0.10
8		0.01		0.09			0.30		0.08
9			0.01	0.08			0.32		0.06
10			0.02	0.06			0.33		0.05
12			0.04	0.04			0.35		0.03
14			0.06	0.03			0.37		0.02
16			0.07	0.02			0.38		0.00
18			0.08	0.01			0.39		0.00
20			0.08	0.00			0.39			0.01
22			0.09	0.00			0.40			0.02

GENERAL INFORMATION, CONVERSION TABLES, AND MATHEMATICS	2.85
TABLE 2.15 Hydrometer Conversion Table
This table gives the relation between density (c.g.s.) and degrees on the Baume	´ and Twaddell scales. The
Twaddell scale is never used for densities less than unity. See also Sec. 2.1.2.1, Hydrometers.

					Degrees
		Degrees Baume	´		Baume ´
Density		(NIST* scale)		(A.P.I.† scale)

0.600	103.33			104.33
0.605	101.40			102.38
0.610	99.51			100.47
0.615	97.64			98.58
0.620	95.81			96.73
0.625	94.00			94.90
0.630	92.22			93.10
0.635	90.47			91.33
0.640	88.75			89.59
0.645	87.05			87.88
0.650	85.38			86.19
0.655	83.74			84.53
0.660	82.12			82.89
0.665	80.52			81.28
0.670	78.95			79.69
0.675	77.41			78.13
0.680	75.88			76.59
0.685	74.38			75.07
0.690	72.90			73.57
0.695	71.43			72.10
0.700	70.00			70.64
0.705	68.57			69.21
0.710	67.18			67.80
0.715	65.80			66.40
0.720	64.44			65.03
0.725	63.10			63.67
0.730	61.78			62.34
0.735	60.48			61.02
0.740	59.19			59.72
0.745	57.92			58.43
0.750	56.67			57.17
0.755	55.43			55.92
0.760	54.21			54.68
0.765	53.01			53.47
0.770	51.82			52.27
0.775	50.65			51.08
0.780	49.49			49.91
0.785	48.34			48.75
0.790	47.22			47.61
0.795	46.10			46.49
0.800	45.00			45.38
0.805	43.91			44.28
0.810	42.84			43.19
0.815	41.78			42.12
0.820	40.73			41.06

					Degrees
			Degrees Baume	´	Baume ´
Density			(NIST* scale)		(A.P.I.† scale)

0.825		39.70			40.02
0.830		38.68			38.98
0.835		37.66			37.96
0.840		36.67			36.95
0.845		35.68			35.96
0.850		34.71			34.97
0.855		33.74			34.00
0.860		32.79			33.03
0.865		31.85			32.08
0.870		30.92			31.14
0.875		30.00			30.21
0.880		29.09			29.30
0.885		28.19			28.39
0.890		27.30			27.49
0.895		26.42			26.60
0.900		25.56			25.72
0.905		24.70			24.85
0.910		23.85			23.99
0.915		23.01			23.14
0.920		22.17			22.30
0.925		21.35			21.47
0.930		20.54			20.65
0.935		19.73			19.84
0.940		18.94			19.03
0.945		18.15			18.24
0.950		17.37			17.45
0.955		16.60			16.67
0.960		15.83			15.90
0.965		15.08			15.13
0.970		14.33			14.38
0.975		13.59			13.63
0.980		12.86			12.89
0.985		12.13			12.15
0.990		11.41			11.43
0.995		10.70			10.71
1.000		10.00			10.00


	DENSITIES GREATER THAN UNITY

			Degrees Baume	´	Degrees
Density			(NIST* scale)		Twaddell

1.00		0.00			0
1.01		1.44			2
1.02		2.84			4

* NIST, National Institute for Science and Technology (formerly the National Bureau of Standards, U.S.).

† A.P.I. is the American Petroleum Institute.

2.86	SECTION 2
TABLE 2.15 Hydrometer Conversion Table (	Continued	)

	Degrees Baume		´	Degrees
Density		(NIST* scale)		Twaddell

1.03	4.22			6
1.04	5.58			8
1.05	6.91			10
1.06	8.21			12
1.07	9.49			14
1.08	10.78			16
1.09	11.97			18
1.10	13.18			20
1.11	14.37			22
1.12	15.54			24
1.13	16.68			26
1.14	17.81			28
1.15	18.91			30
1.16	20.00			32
1.17	21.07			34
1.18	22.12			36
1.19	23.15			38
1.20	24.17			40
1.21	25.16			42
1.22	26.15			44
1.23	27.11			46
1.24	28.06			48
1.25	29.00			50
1.26	29.92			52
1.27	30.83			54
1.28	31.72			56
1.29	32.60			58
1.30	33.46			60
1.31	34.31			62
1.32	35.15			64
1.33	35.98			66
1.34	36.79			68
1.35	37.59			70
1.36	38.38			72
1.37	39.16			74
1.38	39.93			76
1.39	40.68			78
1.40	41.43			80
1.41	42.16			82
1.42	42.89			84
1.43	43.60			86
1.44	44.31			88
1.45	45.00			90
1.46	45.68			92
1.47	46.36			94
1.48	47.03			96
1.49	47.68			98
1.50	48.33			100
1.51	48.97			102

	Degrees Baume		´	Degrees
Density		(NIST* scale)		Twaddell

1.52	49.60			104
1.53	50.23			106
1.54	50.84			108
1.55	51.45			110
1.56	52.05			112
1.57	52.64			114
1.58	53.23			116
1.59	53.80			118
1.60	54.38			120
1.61	54.94			122
1.62	55.49			124
1.63	56.04			126
1.64	56.58			128
1.65	57.12			130
1.66	57.65			132
1.67	58.17			134
1.68	58.69			136
1.69	59.20			138
1.70	59.71			140
1.71	60.20			142
1.72	60.70			144
1.73	61.18			146
1.74	61.67			148
1.75	62.14			150
1.76	62.61			152
1.77	63.08			154
1.78	63.54			156
1.79	63.99			158
1.80	64.44			160
1.81	64.89			162
1.82	65.31			164
1.83	65.77			166
1.84	66.20			168
1.85	66.62			170
1.86	67.04			172
1.87	67.46			174
1.88	67.87			176
1.89	68.28			178
1.90	68.68			180
1.91	69.08			182
1.92	69.48			184
1.93	69.87			186
1.94	70.26			188
1.95	70.64			190
1.96	71.02			192
1.97	71.40			194
1.98	71.77			196
1.99	72.14			198
2.00	72.50			200

* NIST, National Institute for Science and Technology (formerly the National Bureau of Standards, U.S.).

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TABLE 2.13 Viscosity Conversion Table

TABLE 2.15 Hydrometer Conversion Table