2.26

SECTION 2

TABLE 2.6 Abbreviations and Standard Letter Symbols

Abampere

abamp

Angular momentum

Absolute

abs

Angular momentum terms

j, J, l, L, N

Absolute activity

Angular velocity

6

Absorbance (decaidic)

A

Anhydrous

anhyd

Absorbance (napierian)

B

Approximate (circa)

ca.

Absorptance

Aqueous solution

aq

Absorption coefficient, linear

a, K

Aqueous solution at infinite

aq,

decaidic

dilution

Absorption coefficient, linear

Are, unit of area

a

napierian

Area

A, S

Absorption coefficient, molar

, "

Area per molecule

a ,

decaidic

Astronomical unit

AU

Absorption coefficient, molar

Asymmetry parameter

napierian

Atmosphere, unit of pressure

atm

Absorption index

k

Atomic mass

m

a

Acceleration

a

Atomic mass constant

m

u

Acceleration due to gravity

g, gn

Atomic mass unit

amu

Acetyl

Ac

Atomic number

Z

Acoustic absorption factor

a

Atomic percent

at.%

Acoustic dissipation factor

Atomic weight

at. wt.

Acoustic reflection factor

Average

av

Acoustic transmission factor

(

Average linear gas velocity

Activation energy

E a

Avogadro constant

L, NA

Activity (referenced to

a

Axial angular momentum

, 1, 5

Raoult’s law)

Axial spin angular momen-

,

Activity (referenced to

tum

Henry’s law):

Bandwidth (10%) of a spec-

0.1

Concentration basis

a c

tral filter

Molality basis

a m

Band variance

2

Mole fraction basis

a x

Bar, unit of pressure

bar

Activity (radioactive)

A

Barn, unit of area

b

Activity coefficient (refer-

f

Barrel

bbl

enced to Raoult’s law)

Base of natural logarithms

e

Activity coefficient (refer-

Becquerel

Bq

enced to Henry’s law):

Bed volume

V

g

Concentration basis

c

Beta particle

Molality basis

m

Bloch function

u k (r )

Mole fraction basis

x

Body-centered cubic

bcc

Adjusted retention time

tR

Bohr

b

Adjusted retention volume

V R

Bohr magneton

B

Admittance

Y

Bohr radius

a 0

Affinity of reaction

A

Boiling point

bp

Alcohol

alc

Boltzmann constant

k ,

k B

Alfve ´n number

Al

Bragg angle

Alkaline

alk

Breadth

b

Alpha particle

British thermal unit

Btu

Alternating current

ac

Bulk modulus

K

Amorphous

am

Bulk strain

Amount concentration

c

Burgers vector

b

Amount of substance

n

Butyl

Bu

Ampere

A

Calorie, unit of energy

cal

Amplification factor

Calorie, international steam

cal

IT

Angle of optical rotation

table

Angstrom

A ˚, A

Candela

cd

Angular dispersion

d /d

Capacitance

C

GENERAL INFORMATION, CONVERSION TABLES, AND MATHEMATICS

2.27

TABLE 2.6 Abbreviations and Standard Letter Symbols (

Continued

)

Capacity, volume

Q V

Concentration of solute in

C

S

Capacity, weight

Q W

stationary phase

Cartesian space coordi-

x, y, z

Condensed phase (solid or

cd

nates

liquid)

Celsius temperature

t,

Conductance

G

Centimeter-gram-second

cgs

Conductivity

,

system

Conductivity cell constant

K

cell

Centrifugal distortion con-

Conductivity tensor

ik

stants:

Contact angle

A reduction

,

Coordinate, position vector

r

S reduction

D, d

Coulomb

C

Charge density of electrons

Counts per minute

cpm, c/m

Charge number of electro-

n

Coupling constant, direct di-

D

AB

chemical reaction

polar

Charge number of an ion

z

Critical density

d c

Chemically pure

C

P

Critical temperature

tc

Chemical potential

Cross section

Chemical shift

Crystalline

cr, cryst

Circa (approximate)

ca.

Cubic

cub

Circular frequency

6

Cubic expansion coefficient

, v,

Circular wave vector:

Curie

Ci

For particles

k

Cycles per second

Hz

For phonons

q

Curie temperature

T c

Circumference divided by

Dalton (atomic mass unit)

Da

the diameter

Day

d

Citrate

Cit

Debye, unit of electric dipole

D

Coefficient of heat transfer

h

Debye circular frequency

6D

Collision cross section

Debye circular wave-number

q D

Collision diameter

d

Debye-Waller factor

D,

B

Collision frequency

Z

Decay constant (radioactive)

Collision frequency factor

z

Decibel

dB

Collision number

Z

Decompose

dec

Column volume

V col

Degeneracy, statistical

d, g,

Compare (confer)

cf.

weight

Complex refractive index

nˆ

Degree of dissociation

Component of angular mo-

k, K, m, M

Degrees Baume

Be

mentum

Degrees Celsius

C

Compressibility:

Degrees Fahrenheit

F

Isentropic

S

Density (mass)

,

Isothermal

T

Density, critical

d c

Compression factor

Z

Density, relative

d

Compression modulus

K

Density of liquid phase

L

Compton wavelength of elec-

c

Density of states

N E ,

tron

Density of vibrational modes

N 6

Compton wavelength of neu-

c,n

(spectral)

tron

Detect, determine (d)

det(d)

Compton wavelength of

c,p

Determination

detn

proton

Deuteron

d

Concentration (amount of

c

Diamagnetic shielding factor

1

substance)

Diameter

d

Concentration (mass)

Dielectric polarization

P

Concentration at peak

C

max

Differential thermal analysis

DTA

maximum

Diffusion coefficient

D

Concentration of solute in

C

M

Diffusion coefficient, liquid

D

f

mobile phase

film

2.28

SECTION 2

TABLE 2.6 Abbreviations and Standard Letter Symbols (

Continued

)

Diffusion coefficient, mobile

D

M

Electron magnetic moment

e

phase

Electron paramagnetic reso-

EPR

Diffusion coefficient, station-

D

S

nance

ary phase

Electron radius

re

Diffusion current

id

Electron rest mass

m

e

Diffusion length

L

Electron spin resonance

ESR

Diffusion rate constant, mass

k d

Electronvolt

eV

transfer coefficient

Electrostatic unit

esu

Dilute

dil

Elementary charge

e

Dirac delta function

Elution volume, exclusion

V

e

Direct current

dc

chromatography

Direct dipolar coupling con-

D

AB

Emittance

"

stant

By blackbody

M

bb

Disintegration energy

Q

Energy

E

Disintegrations per minute

dpm

Energy density

w

,

Displacement vector of an

u

Energy per electron hole

"

ion

pair of ion pair in detector

Dissociation energy

D, E d

Enthalpy

H

From ground state

D

0

Entropy

S

From the potential mini-

D

e

Entropy unit

e.u.

mum

Equilibrium constant

K, K 0

Distribution ratio

D

Concentration basis

K

c

Donor ionization energy

E d

Molality basis

K

m

Dropping mercury electrode

dme

Pressure basis

K

p

Dyne, unit of force

dyn

Equilibrium position vector

R

0

Einstein transition probabili-

A, B

of an ion

ties

Equivalent weight

equiv wt

Spontaneous emission

A

nm

Erg, unit of energy

erg

Stimulated absorption

B

mn

Especially

esp.

Stimulated emission

B

nm

et alii (and others)

et al.

Electric charge

Q

et cetera (and so forth)

etc.

Electric current

I

Ethyl

Et

Electric current density

j, J

Ethylenediamine

en

Electric dipole moment of a

p,

Ethylenediamine-

N,N,N ,N -

EDTA

molecule

tetraacetic acid

Electric displacement

D

Euler number

Eu

Electric field gradient

q

Exempli gratia (for example)

e.g.

Electric field strength

E

Expansion coefficient

Electric flux

Exponential

exp

Electric mobility

u ,

Extent of reaction

Electric polarizability of a

Fano factor

F

molecule

Farad

F

Electric potential

V ,

Faraday constant

F

Electric potential difference

U, V

Fermi, unit of length

f

Electric susceptibility

0e

Fermi energy

E F

Electrical conductivity

Film tension

f

Electrical conductance

G

Film thickness

h,

t

Electrical resistance

R

Fine structure constant

Electrochemical transfer co-

Finite change

efficient

First radiation constant

c 1

Electrokinetic potential

%

Flow rate

q

Electromagnetic unit

emu

Flow rate, column chroma-

F c

Electromotive force

E , emf

tography

Electron

e

Fluid phase (gas or liquid)

fl

,e

Electron affinity

E ea

Fluidity

GENERAL INFORMATION, CONVERSION TABLES, AND MATHEMATICS

2.29

TABLE 2.6 Abbreviations and Standard Letter Symbols (

Continued

)

Fluorescent efficiency

F

Helmholtz energy

A

Fluorescent power

P

F

Henry

H

Flux

F, J

Hertz

Hz

Focal length

f

Hexagonal

hex

Foot

ft

Horsepower

hp

For example (exempli gratia)

e.g.

Hour

h

Force

F

Hygroscopic

hygr

Force constant (vibrational

k

Hyperfine coupling constant

a, A

levels)

Hyperfine coupling tensor

T

Formal concentration

F

ibidem (in the same place)

ibid.

Fourier number

Fo

id est (that is)

i.e.

Franklin, unit of electric

Fr

Ignition

ign

charge

Impedance

Z

Freezing point

fp

Inch

in

Frequency

f, v

Indices of a family of crys-

hkl

Friction coefficient

f,

tallographic planes

Froude number

Fr

Indirect spin-spin coupling

J AB

Fugacity

f

constant

Fugacity coefficient

Inductance

L

Gallon

gal

Inertial defect

Galvani potential difference

Infinitesimal change

Gamma, unit of mass

Infrared

ir

Gamma radiation

Inner column volume

V i

Gap energy (solid state)

E g

Inner electric potential

Gas (physical state)

g

Inner electrode potential

Gas constant

R

Inorganic

inorg

Gauss

G

Inside diameter

i.d.

gfactor

g

Insoluble

insol

Gibbs energy

G

Interatomic distances:

Grade

grad

Equilibrium distance

re

Grain, unit of mass

gr

Ground-state distance

r0

Gram

g

Substitution structure dis-

rs

Grand partition function

tance

Grashof number

Gr

Zero-point average

rz

Gravimetric

grav

distance

Gravitational constant

G

Internal energy

U

Gray

Gy

Interstitial (outer) volume

V o

Gru¨neisen parameter

,

In the place cited (loco ci-

loc. cit.

Half-life

t1/2

tato)

Half-wave potential

E 1/2

In the same place

ibid.

Hall coefficient

A

H , R H

In the work cited

op. cit.

Hamilton function

H

Ionic conductivity

, 1

Harmonic vibration wave-

6

Ionic strength

I

number

Concentration basis

Ic

Hartmann number

Ha

Molality basis

Im

Hartree energy

E h

Ionization energy

E i

Heat

q, Q

Irradiance

E

Heat capacity

C

Joule

J

At constant pressure

C

p

Joule-Thomson coefficient

, JT

At constant volume

C

v

Kelvin

K

Heat flow rate

Kilocalorie

kcal

Heat flux

J

Kilogram

kg

Hectare, unit of area

ha

Kilogram-force

kgf

Height

h

Kilowatt-hour

kWh

Helion

h

Kinematic viscosity

v,

2.30

SECTION 2

TABLE 2.6

Abbreviations and Standard Letter Symbols (

Continued

)

Kinetic energy

K, T, E k

Mass number

A

Knudsen number

Kn

Mass of atom

m,

m

a

Kovats retention indices

RI

Mass transfer coefficient

k d

Lagrange function

L

Matrix volume

V g

Lambda, unit of volume

Maximum

max

Lande ´g-factor

g, ge

Maxwell, unit of magnetic

Mx

Larmor circular frequency

6L

flux

Larmor frequency

vL

Mean ionic activity

a

Lattice plane spacing

d

Mean ionic activity coeffi-

Lattice vector

R,

R

0

cient

Lattice vectors

a,

b,

c

Mean ionic mobility

W

Length

l, L

Melting point

mp

Length of arc

s

Metallic

met

Lewis number

Le

Metastable

m

Light year

l.y.

Metastable peaks

m

*

Limit (mathematics)

lim

Meter

m

Linear expansion coefficient

1

Methyl

Me

Linear reciprocal dispersion

D

1, d /dx

Micrometer

m

Linear strain

e , "

Micron

Liquid

l, lq

Mile

mi

Liquid crystal

lc

Miller indices

h, l, k

Liter

L, 1

Milliequivalent

meq

loco citato (in the place

loc. cit.

Millimeters of mercury, unit

mmHg

cited)

of pressure

Logarithm, common

log

Millimole

mM

Logarithm, base

e

ln

Minimum

min

Longitudinal relaxation time

T

1

Minute

m, min

Lorenz coefficient

L

Mixture

mixt

Loss angle

Mobility

Lumen

lm

Mobility ratio

b

Luminous intensity

I

Modulus of elasticity

E

Lux

lx

Molal

m

Mach number

Ma

Molality

b

Madelung constant

Molar

M,

M

Magnetic dipole moment of

m,

Molar (decadic) absorption

"

a molecule

coefficient

Magnetic field strength

H

Molar ionic conductivity

, 1

Magnetic flux

Molar magnetic suscepti-

0m

Magnetic flux density

B

bility

Magnetic moment of protons

p / B

Molar mass

M

in water

Molar quantity

X

X

m

Magnetic quantum number

M

j

Molar refraction

R, R

m

Magnetic Reynolds number

Rm

Molar volume

V

m

Magnetic susceptibility

, 0

Mole

mol

Magnetic vector potential

A

Mole fraction, condensed

x

Magnetizability

phase

Magnetization

M

Gaseous mixtures

y

Magnetogyric ratio

Mole percent

mol %

Mass

m

Molecular weight

mol wt

Mass absorption coefficient

/ , m

Moment of inertia

I, J

Mass concentration

,

Momentum

p

Mass density

Monoclinic

mn

Mass flow rate

q m

Monomeric form

mon

Mass fraction

w

Muon, negative

Massieu function

J

Muon, positive

GENERAL

INFORMATION, CONVERSION TABLES, AND MATHEMATICS

2.31

TABLE 2.6 Abbreviations and Standard Letter Symbols (

Continued

)

Mutual inductance

M, L

Outer diameter

o.d.

Napierian absorbance

B

Outer electric potential

3

Napierian base

e

Overall order of reaction

n

Napierian molar absorption

Overpotential

coefficient

Oxalate

Ox

Neel temperature

T

N

Oxidant

ox

Net retention volume

V

N

Packing uniformity factor

Neutrino

ve

Page(s)

p. (pp.)

Neutron

n

Parsec, unit of length

pc

Neutron magnetic moment

N

Partial molar quantity

X

Neutron number

N

Partial order of reaction

n B

Neutron rest mass

m

n

Particle diameter

d p

Newton

N

Particle position vector:

Normal concentration

N

Electron

r

Normal stress

Ion position

R

j

Nuclear magnetic resonance

NMR

Partition coefficient

K

Nuclear magneton

N

Partition function

q, Q, z, Z, 5

Nuclear spin angular mo-

I

Partition ratio

k

mentum

Parts per billion, volume

ng/mL

Nucleon number

A

Parts per billion, weight

ng/g

Number concentration

C

Parts per million, volume

g/mL

Number density

n

Parts per million, weight

/g

Number of entities

N

Pascal

Pa

Numerical aperture

NA

Path length (absorbing)

l

Nusselt number

Nu

Peak asymmetry factor

AF

Obstruction factor

Peak resolution

Rs

Oersted, unit of magnetic

Oe

Pe ´clet number

Pe

field

Peltier coefficient

Ohm

5

Percent

%

opere citato (in the work

op. cit.

Period of time

T

cited)

Permeability

Optical speed

f/number

Permeability of vacuum

0

Orbital angular momentum:

Permittivity

"

Quantum number

L 0, 1, 2, 3,

. .

.Permittivity of vacuum

"0

Series symbol

S, P, D, F,

. .

.pH, expressed in activity

p

a H

Orbital angular momentum

Expressed in molarity

pH

(molecules):

Phenyl

Ph,

Quantum number

1 0, 1, 2, . . .

Phosphorescent efficiency

-P

Symbol

, , , . . . Phosphorescent power

P

P

Orbital angular momenta of

l

0, 1, 2, 3,

. . . Photochemical yield

individual electrons

s, p, d, f, . . .

Photoluminescence power

P

Order of Bragg reflection

n

Photon

Order of reaction

n

Pion

Order of reflection

n

Planck constant

h

Order parameters (solid

s

Planck constant/2

state), long range

Planck function

Y

Short range

Plane angle

, , , ,

Organic

org

Plate height

H

Orthorhombic

o-rh

Plate number, effective

N eff

Osmotic coefficient

Poise

P

Molality basis

m

Polymeric form

pol

Mole fraction basis

x

Porosity, column

"

Osmotic pressure (ideal di-

Positron

lute solution)

Potential energy

V , -, E P

Ounce

oz

Pound

lb

2.34

SECTION 2

TABLE 2.6 Abbreviations and Standard Letter Symbols (

Continued

)

Temperature, thermodynamic

T

Vibrational anharmonicity

0

Temperature at boiling point

T

b

constant

Term value spectroscopy

T

Vibrational coordinates:

Tesla

T

Internal coordinates

R i, rI , j, etc.

Tetragonal

tetr

Normal coordinates, di-

q r

Thermal conductance

G

mensionless

Thermal conductivity

, k

Mass adjusted

Q r

Thermal diffusivity

a

Vibrational force constants:

Thermal resistance

R

Diatomic

f

Thermoelectric force

E

Polyatomic, dimensionless

rst . .;.k rst . . .

Thickness of diffusion layer

normal coordinates

Thickness of layer