2. Read the words with the sound [i:].
mi: |
mi:t |
bi:m |
bi: |
mi:l |
si:m |
si: |
mi:n |
ni:l |
3. Read and compare the words with the sounds [ı] and [i:].
nık – ni:s |
kıd – ki:n |
||
nıt |
– ni:t |
pın – pi:l |
|
lıt |
– li:k |
bıt |
– bi:t |
lıd |
– li:d |
sıt |
– si:t |
lıv |
– li:v |
ız |
– i:z |
4. Read and compare the words with the sounds [e] and [eı].
ef |
bed |
eı |
men – meın |
|
es |
bes |
eım |
pen – peın |
|
eg |
ges |
eıt |
sel |
– seıl |
es |
mes |
deıt |
led |
– leık |
5. Read and compare the words with the sounds [æ] and [e].
æd |
sæd |
mæn |
– men |
sænd |
– send |
æm |
sæm |
fæn |
– fen |
pæn |
– pen |
gæp |
bæd |
tæn |
– ten |
lænd |
– lend |
kæt |
bæk |
bæg |
– beg |
mæt |
– met |
6. Read the words with the sound [a:].
a: |
ka: |
a:k |
ka:m |
a:m |
da:k |
pa:t |
fa:st |
pa:st |
ba: |
11
7. Read the words with the sound [Λ].
kΛm |
bΛt |
kΛp |
mΛd |
kΛt |
lΛv |
dΛn |
sΛm |
bΛn |
lΛk |
8. Read and compare the words with the sounds [a:], [Λ] and [aı].
la:k |
– |
lΛk |
– |
laık |
da:k |
– |
dΛk |
– |
daıl |
ka:t |
– |
kΛt |
– |
kaıt |
fa:m |
– |
fΛn |
– |
faın |
ha:m |
– |
hΛt |
– |
haıt |
9. Read the words with the sound [ɔ].
ɔn |
gɔn |
dɔg |
sɔft |
ɔd |
gɔd |
dɔt |
lɔst |
ɔf |
gɔt |
dɔk |
rɔk |
10.Read the words with the sound [ɔ:].
ɔ: |
lɔ: |
bɔ:n |
dɔ:z |
ɔ:l |
dɔ: |
lɔ:d |
hɔ:s |
mɔ: |
tɔ: |
kɔ:k |
tɔ:t |
11.Read and compare the words with the sounds [ɔı], [ɔ:] and [ɔ].
bɔ: |
– |
bɔks |
– |
bɔız |
fɔ:l |
– |
fɔks |
– |
fɔıl |
kɔ:l |
– |
kɔd |
– |
kɔıl |
12.Read and compare the words with the sounds [υ] and [u:].
kυk |
fυl |
pu:l |
wu:l |
kυd |
– |
fu:d |
lυk |
gυd |
ru:d |
su:n |
bυ∫ |
– |
bu:t |
tυk |
rυm |
mu:n |
fu:d |
pυl |
– |
pu:l |
12
13.Read and compare the words with single vowels and diphthongs.
tu: |
– |
tυə |
a:t |
– |
aυt |
ɔ |
– |
wəυk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
w :k |
|
|
∫u: |
– |
∫υə |
fa:m |
– |
faυnd |
stɔ:m |
– |
stəυn |
u:l |
– |
pυə |
la:d |
– |
laυd |
spɔ:t |
– |
spəυk |
14.Read the words with the sound [3:].
g3:l |
k3:l |
h3:d |
n3:v |
l3:n |
g3:d |
k3:v |
h3:t |
m3:s |
p3:l |
15.Read and compare the words with the sounds [3:] and [e].
bed |
– |
b3:d |
wel |
– |
w3:l |
lend |
– |
l3:nd |
tel |
– |
t3:m |
hed |
– |
h3:d |
nest |
– |
n3:s |
16.Read and compare the words with the diphthongs [ıə] and [eə].
hıə |
– heə |
pıə |
– peə |
||
tıə |
– |
teə |
bıə |
– |
beə |
dıə |
– |
deə |
fıə |
– |
feə |
17.Read the words with the sound [ə].
ə`mes |
tə:`sıt |
`bıgə |
ə`pen |
tə:`seı |
`i:gə |
ə`set |
tə:`tel |
`letə |
Согласные
Consonants
[p] as in pen [pen] [b] as in big [big] [t] as in tea [ti:] [d] as in do [du:] [k] as in cat [kæt] [g] as in go [gəυ] [f] as in four [fɔ:]
13
[v]as in very ['veri]
[s]as in son [sΛn]
[z]as in zoo [zu:]
[l]as in live [lıv] [m]as in my [maı]
[n]as in near [nıə]
[h]as in happy ['hæpi]
[r]as in red [red]
[j]as in yes [jes]
[w]as in want [wɔnt]
[θ] as in thanks [θæŋks] [ð] as in the [ðə]
[∫] as in she [∫i:]
[ʒ] as in television ['telıvı ʒn] [t∫] as in child [t∫aıld]
[dʒ] as in German ['dʒ3:mən] [ŋ] as in English ['ıŋglı∫]
Нужно помнить:
1.Все согласные в английском языке твердые.
2.Смычные взрывные согласные [p], [t], [k] в позиции перед гласной произносятся с придыханием (аспирацией).
3.Специфические, наиболее сложные для произношения звуки: [w], [θ], [ð], [ŋ], [h].
4.Звонкие согласные в конце слова не оглушаются.
5.Глухие согласные перед звонкими не озванчиваются.
Фонетические упражнения
Phonetic exercises
1. Read the words with different sounds. Compare voiced and voiceless consonants.
[p] |
– |
[d] |
[k] |
– |
[g] |
[t] |
– |
[d] |
pi: |
– |
bi: |
pık |
– |
bıg |
tru: |
– |
dru: |
paı |
– |
baı |
sɔk |
– |
fɔg |
set |
– |
sed |
kæp |
– |
kæb |
kru: |
– |
gru: |
bıld |
– |
bılt |
14
[f] |
– |
[v] |
[s] |
– |
[z] |
feım |
– |
veın |
pi:s |
– |
pli:z |
seıf |
– seıv |
dɔks |
– |
dɔgz |
|
li:f |
– |
li:v |
ni:s |
– |
ni:z |
2. Read the words with the sounds [∫] and [ʒ].
∫i: |
kæ∫ |
'pleʒə |
∫i:p |
dæ∫ |
'leʒə |
∫ıft |
læ∫ |
'meʒə |
∫elf |
mı∫n |
vıʒn |
3. Read the words with the sounds [t∫] and [dʒ].
t∫ın |
– |
dʒın |
t∫æt – dʒet |
||
t∫ıl |
– |
dʒıl |
fet∫ |
– |
edʒ |
mæt∫ |
– |
bædʒ |
t∫est |
– |
dʒest |
4. Read the words with the sound [h]. Don’t make it hard or use your voice.
hi: |
hım |
hen |
heı |
haı |
hæv |
hi:t |
hız |
hed |
heıl |
haıd |
hæz |
hi:p |
hıt |
hel |
heıt |
haıt |
hæt |
5. Read the words with the sounds [θ] and [ð].
ði: |
ðıs |
gæðə |
θi:m |
mıθ |
ði:z |
ðæt |
feðə |
θın |
ti:θ |
ðeı |
ðen |
leðə |
θi:f |
deθ |
6. Read and compare the words.
ten |
– |
ðen |
fεə |
– |
ðεə |
di: |
– |
ði: |
fæn |
– |
ðæn |
det |
– |
ðæt |
væn |
– |
ðen |
7. Read the words with the sound [r].
sın |
– |
θın |
sık |
– |
θık |
si:m |
– |
θi:m |
reı |
ri:l |
'merı |
'hΛrı |
raı |
rı:d |
'verı |
'mırə |
reın |
rıt∫ |
'kærı |
'θıərı |
raız |
rısk |
'dεərı |
'klıərə |
raıd |
rΛn |
'nıərə |
'dıərə |
ti:z |
– |
ti:θ |
tens |
– |
tenθ |
mıs |
– |
mıθ |
15
8. Read the words with the sound [r] after [p, t, k].
træm |
kraı |
preı |
træk |
kraım |
praız |
tri:z |
kri:m |
praıd |
trık |
kraıst |
pri:st |
9. Read the words with the sound [w]. Compare [w] and [v]. Pay attention to the combinations [tw] and [kw].
waı |
waın |
went |
|
ɔ |
|
wi:l |
|
wεə |
waız |
wel |
w :m |
wi:k |
|||
w |
ɔ |
:l |
|||||
weı |
waıl |
west |
ɔ |
wın |
|||
|
|
||||||
weıt |
waıp |
wet |
w t |
'wıntə |
|||
|
ɔ |
|
|||||
|
|
|
w nt |
|
|||
10.Read the words with the sound [j].
waın |
– |
vaın |
twelv |
kwık |
weıl |
– |
veıl |
tweın |
kwi:n |
wet |
– |
vet |
twaıs |
ɔ |
|
|
|
|
'kw :tə |
west |
– |
vest |
twıst |
kwaıt |
jet |
'jeləυ |
'stju:dnt |
ju: |
jes |
tju:n |
ja:d |
jΛŋ |
'tju:lıp |
jɔt |
ju:θ |
nju:z |
11.Read the words with the sound [ŋ].
pæŋ |
sɔŋ |
bæŋ |
lɔŋ |
sıŋ |
ræŋk |
rıŋ |
sæŋk |
θıŋk |
'sıŋıŋ |
drıŋk |
'ri:dıŋ |
'æŋgə |
ɔ |
|
'w :kıŋ |
'fıŋgə |
'sıtıŋ |
12.Compare [ŋ] and [n].
ræn |
– |
ræŋ |
wın |
– |
wıŋ |
bæn |
– |
bæŋ |
θın |
– |
θıŋ |
hen |
– |
hæŋ |
sın |
– |
sıŋ |
13.Read the words with the sound [l].
li:d |
lɔŋ |
læb |
ləυd |
lıp |
lυk |
lΛv |
ləυn |
leg |
lu:s |
lΛk |
laık |
16
14.Learn the English Alphabet.
Буква |
Название |
Буква |
Название |
Аа |
[e ] |
Nn |
[en] |
ВЬ |
[bi:] |
Oo |
[əυ] |
Сс |
[si:] |
Pp |
[pi:] |
Dd |
[di:] |
[kju:] |
|
Ее |
[i:] |
Rr |
[a:] |
Ff |
[ef] |
Ss |
[es] |
Gg |
[d3i:] |
Tt |
[ti:] |
Hh |
[e t∫] |
Uu |
[ju:] |
Ii |
[a ] |
Vv |
[vi:] |
Jj |
[d3e ] |
Ww |
['d٨blju:] |
Kk |
[ke ] |
Xx |
[eks] |
LI |
[el] |
Yy |
[wa ] |
Mm |
[em] |
Zz |
[zed] |
Can you spell your name and surname?
УЭ-2 ПРАВИЛА ЧТЕНИЯ
READING RULES
Для того чтобы научиться хорошо читать по-английски, важно уметь распознавать положение, в котором встречается буква в слове и правильно произносить соответствующий ей звук. Мы предлагаем изучить правила чтения гласных и согласных букв и регулярно тренироваться в чтении.
Правила чтения гласных
Чтение гласных зависит от следующих факторов:
1.От типа слога, в котором она стоит.
2.От того, является ли она ударной или безударной.
3.От ее положения среди других букв.
Существует четыре типа ударного слога, в каждом из которых одна и та же гласная читается по-разному.
I тип – открытый, оканчивается на гласную.
Например: sea [si:], he [hi:].
17
II тип – закрытый, заканчивается на согласную.
Например: pen [pen], cat [kæt].
III тип – слог, где за ударной гласной следует буква “r”.
Например: sport [spɔ:t], car [ka:].
IV тип – слог, где за ударной гласной с буквой “r”следует еще одна гласная.
Например: parents ['peərənts], fire ['fa ə].
Таблица чтения ударных и безударных гласных
Гласная |
|
|
Тип слога |
|
|
|
I |
II |
III |
|
IV |
безударный |
|
|
|
|||||
|
(открытый) |
(закрытый) |
(гласная+ r) |
|
(гласная +r+e) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A a |
[e ] |
[æ] |
[a:] |
|
[εə] |
[ə] |
|
make |
cat |
car |
|
share |
ago |
E e |
[i:] |
[e] |
[3:] |
|
[ıə] |
[ə] [ı] |
|
we |
bed |
her |
|
here |
absent, darkness |
Ii/Yy |
[a ] |
[ı] |
[3:] |
|
[aıə] |
[ı] |
|
time |
sit |
girl |
|
fire |
music |
|
type |
system |
|
|
tyrant |
city |
U u |
[ju:] |
[Λ] |
[3:] |
|
[jυə] |
[ə] [ju:] |
|
tube |
cup |
burn |
|
cure |
success, unite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
O o |
[əυ] |
ɔ |
ɔ |
|
ɔ |
[ə] [əυ] |
|
note |
[ ] |
[ :] |
|
[ :] |
confer, metro |
|
not |
short |
|
more |
||
1. Read the words with different vowels.
1) A. |
|
|
|
|
|
[e ] |
[æ] |
[a:] |
[εə] |
[ə] |
|
date |
can |
dark |
compare |
about |
|
name |
man |
man |
care |
ago |
|
game |
bag |
bag |
share |
Russia |
|
2) E. |
|
|
[ ə] |
|
|
[i:] |
[e] |
[3:] |
|
[ ] [ə] |
|
we |
ten |
her |
here |
|
begin |
she |
get |
verb |
sphere |
|
sister |
be |
bed |
term |
serial |
|
present |
18
3) I/Y.
[a ] |
[ ] |
[3:] |
[a ə] |
[ ] |
hi |
ill |
girl |
tired |
sorry |
my |
it |
bird |
fire |
family |
fine |
kid |
first |
tyre |
music |
4) U. |
|
|
|
|
[ju:] |
[Λ] |
[3:] |
[juə] |
[ə] |
student |
but |
turn |
during |
century |
pupil |
sun |
burn |
pure |
success |
use |
uncle |
curve |
cure |
product |
5) O. |
|
|
|
|
[əυ] |
ɔ |
ɔ |
ɔ |
[əυ] |
|
[ ] |
[ :] |
[ :] |
|
hello |
dog |
or |
more |
photo |
home |
job |
short |
before |
piano |
rose |
hot |
port |
store |
hotel |
2. Read the words with different vowels.
Art, fun, ticket, tomato, sport, sir, milk, serve, bad, nose, rare, public, sofa, type, he, zero, bad, clock, time, prepare, try, lord, shop, wire.
Правила чтения буквосочетаний гласных (гласных с согласными)
Буква |
Буквосочетания |
Звук |
Примеры |
A a |
a + ir |
[εə] |
air, hair, chair, pair, fair |
|
ay, ai |
[e ] |
play, pay, say, day, today, aim, |
|
|
|
rain, paint, main, nail |
|
a + n |
|
plant, branch, can't |
|
a + f |
|
after, craft |
|
a + s+ |
|
grass, class, fast, task |
|
согласная |
[a:] |
|
|
a + th |
|
path, rather, father |
|
a + l |
|
half, palm |
|
a + ll |
|
all, ball, tall, call, small |
|
a + lk |
ɔ |
chalk, talk, walk |
|
w + ar |
[ :] |
war, warm, award, warn, reward |
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
w(h) + a |
ɔ |
was, what, want, wash, watch |
|
|
[w ] |
|
19
|
aw |
ɔ |
law, saw, draw, strawberry |
|
|
[ :] |
|
|
a + nge |
[e ] |
change, strange, 'exchange |
|
au (gh) |
ɔ |
author, autumn, daughter |
|
|
[ :] |
|
E e |
ee, ea |
[i:] |
see, meet, tree, green, street, feel, |
|
|
|
sea, meat, tea, team, peace |
|
|
|
|
|
ea + d, th, lth |
[e] |
head, dead, bread, death, health |
|
но: |
[i:] |
read, lead, reader, leader |
|
ea + r + согл. |
[3:] |
earn, earth, early, learn |
|
ear, eer |
[ ə] |
hear, near, ear, clear, dear, fear |
|
|
|
|
|
ew |
[ju:] |
new, knew, newspaper, few |
|
ei |
[i:] |
ceiling, receive, deceive, seize |
|
|
|
|
|
er (в суффиксе) |
[ə] |
worker, driver, painter |
|
ey (под ударением) |
[e ] |
they, grey, obey |
|
но: |
|
key [ki:] |
|
ey (в неударном |
[ ] |
money, hockey, trolley |
|
слоге) |
|
|
I i |
ie (перед |
[i:] |
field, piece, niece, brief, chief |
|
согласной) |
|
|
|
ie (в конце слова) |
[a ] |
lie, tie, die |
|
igh |
[a ] |
night, fight, high, sigh, sight, |
|
|
|
flight |
|
i + nd |
[a ] |
kind, find, mind, blind |
|
но: |
[ ] |
wind, window |
|
I + ld |
[a ] |
mild, child, (но: children) |
O o |
oo + n, l |
[u:] |
moon, soon, too, spoon, cool, |
|
|
|
fool |
|
oo + k |
[υ] |
look, book, took, cook |
|
ou |
[aυ] |
house, round, out, about |
|
но: |
[υ] |
should, could |
|
ough + t |
ɔ |
bought, thought, fought, brought |
|
|
[ :] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
oa |
[əυ] |
coat, boat, soap, road, toast |
|
ow (в середине |
[aυ] |
town, brown, down, power, pow- |
|
слова) |
|
der |
20