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US Army Dictionary of Military Terms

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As Amended Through 23 January 2002

relinquished, delegation of authority carries with it the imposition of a measure of responsibility. The extent of the authority delegated must be clearly stated.

deliberate attack — (*) A type of offensive action characterized by preplanned coordinated employment of firepower and maneuver to close with and destroy or capture the enemy.

deliberate breaching — (*) The creation of a lane through a minefield or a clear route through a barrier or fortification, which is systematically planned and carried out.

deliberate crossing — (*) The crossing of an inland water obstacle that requires extensive planning and detailed preparations. See also hasty crossing.

deliberate defense — (*) A defense normally organized when out of contact with the enemy or when contact with the enemy is not imminent and time for organization is available. It normally includes an extensive fortified zone incorporating pillboxes, forts, and communications systems. See also hasty defense.

deliberate planning — 1. The Joint Operation Planning and Execution System process involving the development of joint operation plans for contingencies identified in joint strategic planning documents. Deliberate planning is accomplished in prescribed cycles that complement other Department of Defense planning cycles in accordance with the formally established Joint Strategic Planning System. 2. A planning process for the deployment and employment of apportioned forces and resources that occurs in response to a hypothetical situation. Deliberate planners rely heavily on assumptions regarding the circumstances that will exist when the plan is executed. See also Joint Operation

Planning and Execution System; Joint

Strategic Planning System. (JP 5-00.1)

delivering ship — The ship in a replenishment unit that delivers the rig(s).

delivery error — (*) The inaccuracy associated with a given weapon system resulting in a dispersion of shots about the aiming point. See also circular error probable; deviation; dispersion; dispersion error; horizontal error.

delivery forecasts — 1. Periodic estimates of contract production deliveries used as a measure of the effectiveness of production and supply availability scheduling and as a guide to corrective actions to resolve procurement or production bottlenecks. 2. Estimates of deliveries under obligation against procurement from appropriated or other funds.

delivery requirements — The stipulation that requires that an item of materiel must be delivered in the total quantity required by the date required.

demilitarized zone — (*) A defined area in which the stationing or concentrating of military forces, or the retention or establishment of military installations of any description, is prohibited. (JP 3-07.3)

demobilization — The process of transitioning a conflict or wartime military establishment and defense-based civilian economy to a peacetime configuration while maintaining national security and economic vitality. See also mobilization. (JP 4-05)

demolition belt — A selected land area sown with explosive charges, mines, and other available obstacles to deny use of the land to enemy operations, and as a protection to friendly troops. There are two types of

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demolition belts: a. primary. A continuous series of obstacles across the whole front, selected by the division or higher commander. The preparation of such a belt is normally a priority engineer task. b. subsidiary. Asupplement to the primary belt to give depth in front or behind or to protect the flanks.

demolition chamber — (*) Space intentionally provided in a structure for the emplacement of explosive charges.

demolition firing party — The party at the site that is technically responsible for the demolition and that actually initiates detonation or fires the demolitions. See also demolition guard; state of readiness.

demolition guard — A local force positioned to ensure that a target is not captured by an enemy before orders are given for its demolition and before the demolition has been successfully fired. The commander of the demolition guard is responsible for the tactical control of all troops at the demolition site, including the demolition firing party. The commander of the demolition guard is responsible for transmitting the order to fire to the demolition firing party.

demolition kit — (*) The demolition tool kit complete with explosives. See also demolition tool kit.

demolition target — (*) A target of known military interest identified for possible future demolition. See also charged demolition target; preliminary demolition target; prewithdrawal demolition target; reserved demolition target; uncharged demolition target.

demolition tool kit — (*) The tools, materials and accessories of a nonexplosive nature necessary for preparing demolition charges. See also demolition kit.

demonstration — (*) 1. An attack or show of force on a front where a decision is not sought, made with the aim of deceiving the enemy. See also amphibious demonstration; diversion; diversionary attack. 2. (DOD only) In military deception, a show of force in an area where a decision is not sought made to deceive an adversary. It is similar to a feint but no actual contact with the adversary is intended. (JP 3-58)

denial measure — (*) An action to hinder or deny the enemy the use of space, personnel, or facilities. It may include destruction, removal, contamination, or erection of obstructions.

denied area — An area under enemy or unfriendly control in which friendly forces cannot expect to operate successfully within existing operational constraints and force capabilities. (JP 3-05)

density altitude — (*) An atmospheric density expressed in terms of the altitude which corresponds with that density in the standard atmosphere.

departmental intelligence — Intelligence that any department or agency of the Federal Government requires to execute its own mission.

Department of Defense construction agent

The Corps of Engineers, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, or other such approved Department of Defense activity, that is assigned design or execution responsibilities associated with military construction programs, facilities support, or civil engineering support to the combatant commanders in contingency operations. See also contingency operation. (JP 3-34)

Department of Defense container system

All Department of Defense (DOD)-owned, leased, and controlled 20-

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or 40-foot intermodal International Organization for Standardization containers and flatracks, supporting equipment such as generator sets and chassis, container handling equipment, information systems, and other infrastructure that supports DOD transportation and logistic operations, including commercially provided transportation services. This also includes 463L pallets, nets, and tie down equipment as integral components of the DOD Intermodal Container System. Size and configuration of the common-use portion of the DOD container system controlled by US Transportation Command (USTRANSCOM), will be determined by USTRANSCOM based on established requirements and availability of commercially owned containers and equipment. USTRANSCOM will lease or procure additional containers as required to augment the DOD container system. See also container-handling equipment; containerization; International Organization for Standardization.

(JP 4-01.7)

Department of Defense Intelligence Information System — The combination of Department of Defense personnel, procedures, equipment, computer programs, and supporting communications that support the timely and comprehensive preparation and presentation of intelligence and information to military commanders and national-level decision makers. Also called DODIIS.

Department of Defense internal audit organizations — The Army Audit Agency; Naval Audit Service; Air Force Audit Agency; and the Office of the Assistant Inspector General for Auditing, Office of the Inspector General, Department of Defense.

Department of Defense single manager —

A Military Department or Agency,

designated by the Secretary of Defense as a Department of Defense (DOD) executive agent, that is responsible for management of specified logistic commodities or common service activities on a DOD-wide basis. See also executive agent. (JP 4-07)

Department of the Air Force — The executive part of the Department of the Air Force at the seat of government and all field headquarters, forces, Reserve Components, installations, activities, and functions under the control or supervision of the Secretary of the Air Force. Also called DAF. See also Military Department.

Department of the Army — The executive part of the Department of the Army at the seat of government and all field headquarters, forces, Reserve Components, installations, activities, and functions under the control or supervision of the Secretary of the Army. Also called DA. See also

Military Department.

Department of the Navy — The executive part of the Department of the Navy at the seat of government; the headquarters, US Marine Corps; the entire operating forces of the United States Navy and of the US Marine Corps, including the Reserve Components of such forces; all field activities, headquarters, forces, bases, installations, activities, and functions under the control or supervision of the Secretary of the Navy; and the US Coast Guard when operating as a part of the Navy pursuant to law. Also called DON. See also Military

Department.

departure airfield — An airfield on which troops and/or materiel are enplaned for flight. See also airfield.

departure area — The general area encompassing all base camps, bivouacs, and departure airfield facilities. (JP 3-17)

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departure end — (*) That end of a runway nearest to the direction in which initial departure is made.

departure point — (*) 1. A navigational check point used by aircraft as a marker for setting course. 2. In amphibious operations, an air control point at the seaward end of the helicopter approach lane system from which helicopter waves are dispatched along the selected helicopter approach lane to the initial point.

deployable joint task force augmentation cell — A combatant commander (CINC) asset composed of personnel from the CINC’s staff and component representatives. The members represent a multi-service, multi-disciplined group of planners and operators which operationally report to the CINC’s Operations Directorate until deployed to a joint task force (JTF). It can be tailored to meet the needs of a commander, joint task force and deploy within 48 hours from notification. Members can also act as liaison officers between the CINC and the JTF. Also called

DJTFAC.

deployed health surveillance — The identification of a population at risk, recognition and assessment of hazardous exposures, employment of specific countermeasures, and monitoring health outcomes.

deployed nuclear weapons — 1. When used in connection with the transfer of weapons between the Department of Energy and the Department of Defense, this term describes those weapons transferred to and in the custody of the Department of Defense. 2. Those nuclear weapons specifically authorized by the Joint Chiefs of Staff to be transferred to the custody of the storage facilities or carrying or delivery units of the Armed Forces.

deployment — 1. In naval usage, the change from a cruising approach or contact disposition to a disposition for battle. 2. The movement of forces within operational areas. 3. The positioning of forces into a formation for battle. 4. The relocation of forces and materiel to desired operational areas. Deployment encompasses all activities from origin or home station through destination, specifically including intra-continental United States, intertheater, and intratheater movement legs, staging, and holding areas. See also deployment order; deployment planning; deployment preparation order. (JP 4-0)

deployment database — The Joint Operation Planning and Execution System database containing the necessary information on forces, materiel, and filler and replacement personnel movement requirements to support execution. The database reflects information contained in the refined timephased force and deployment data from the deliberate planning process or developed during the various phases of the crisis action planning process, and the movement schedules or tables developed by the transportation component commands to support the deployment of required forces, personnel, and materiel. See also timephased force and deployment data.

deployment diagram — In the assault phase of an amphibious operation, a diagram showing the formation in which the boat group proceeds from the rendezvous area to the line of departure and the method of deployment into the landing formation.

deployment order — A planning directive from the Secretary of Defense, issued by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, that authorizes and directs the transfer of forces between combatant commands by reassignment or attachment. A deployment order normally specifies the authority that

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the gaining combatant commander will exercise over the transferred forces. See also deployment; deployment planning; deployment preparation order. (JP 5-0)

deployment planning — Operational planning directed toward the movement of forces and sustainment resources from their original locations to a specific operational area for conducting the joint operations contemplated in a given plan. Encompasses all activities from origin or home station through destination, specifically including intra-continental United States, intertheater, and intratheater movement legs, staging areas, and holding areas. See also deployment; deployment order; deployment preparation order. (JP 5-0)

deployment preparation order — An order issued by competent authority to move forces or prepare forces for movement (e.g., increase deployability posture of units). See also deployment; deployment order; deployment planning.

depot — 1. supply — An activity for the receipt, classification, storage, accounting, issue, maintenance, procurement, manufacture, assembly, research, salvage, or disposal of material. 2. personnel — An activity for the reception, processing, training, assignment, and forwarding of personnel replacements.

depot maintenance — That maintenance performed on materiel requiring major overhaul or a complete rebuild of parts, assemblies, subassemblies, and end-items, including the manufacture of parts, modifications, testing, and reclamation as required. Depot maintenance serves to support lower categories of maintenance by providing technical assistance and performing that maintenance beyond their responsibility. Depot maintenance provides stocks of serviceable equipment by using more extensive facilities for repair than are

available in lower level maintenance activities.

depth — (*) In maritime/hydrographic use, the vertical distance from the plane of the hydrographic datum to the bed of the sea, lake, or river.

depth contour — (*) A line connecting points of equal depth below the hydrographic datum. Also called bathymetric contour or depth curve.

depth curve — See depth contour.

descriptive name — (*) Written indication on maps and charts, used to specify the nature of a feature (natural or artificial) shown by a general symbol.

desired appreciation — See appreciations.

desired effects — The damage or casualties to the enemy or materiel that a commander desires to achieve from a nuclear weapon detonation. Damage effects on materiel are classified as light, moderate, or severe. Casualty effects on personnel may be immediate, prompt, or delayed.

desired ground zero — (*) The point on the surface of the Earth at, or vertically below or above, the center of a planned nuclear detonation. Also called DGZ. See also actual ground zero; ground zero.

desired perception — In military deception, what the deception target must believe for it to make the decision that will achieve the deception objective. (JP 3-58)

destroyed — A condition of a target so damaged that it can neither function as intended nor be restored to a usable condition. In the case of a building, all vertical supports and spanning members are damaged to such an extent that nothing is salvageable. In the case of bridges, all spans

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must have dropped and all piers must require replacement.

destruction — A type of adjustment for destroying a given target.

destruction fire — Fire delivered for the sole purpose of destroying material objects. See also fire.

destruction fire mission — (*) In artillery, fire delivered for the purpose of destroying a point target. See also fire.

destruction radius — (*) In mine warfare, the maximum distance from an exploding charge of stated size and type at which a mine will be destroyed by sympathetic detonation of the main charge, with a stated probability of destruction, regardless of orientation.

detachment — (*) 1. A part of a unit separated from its main organization for duty elsewhere. 2. A temporary military or naval unit formed from other units or parts of units. Also called DET.

detailed photographic report — (*) A comprehensive, analytical, intelligence report written as a result of the interpretation of photography usually covering a single subject, a target, target complex, and of a detailed nature.

detained — See missing.

detainee — A term used to refer to any person captured or otherwise detained by an armed force.

detainee collecting point — A facility or other location where detainees are assembled for subsequent movement to a detainee processing station.

detainee processing station — A facility or other location where detainees are

administratively processed and provided custodial care pending disposition and subsequent release, transfer, or movement to a prisoner-of-war or civilian internee camp.

detecting circuit — (*) The part of a mine firing circuit which responds to the influence of a target.

detection — 1. In tactical operations, the perception of an object of possible military interest but unconfirmed by recognition. 2. In surveillance, the determination and transmission by a surveillance system that an event has occurred. 3. In arms control, the first step in the process of ascertaining the occurrence of a violation of an arms control agreement. 4. In nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) environments, the act of locating NBC hazards by use of NBC detectors or monitoring and/or survey teams. See also hazard; monitoring; nuclear, biological, and chemical environment. (JP 3-11)

deterioration limit — (*) A limit placed on a particular product characteristic to define the minimum acceptable quality requirement for the product to retain its NATO code number.

deterrence — The prevention from action by fear of the consequences. Deterrence is a state of mind brought about by the existence of a credible threat of unacceptable counteraction.

deterrent options — A course of action, developed on the best economic, diplomatic, political, and military judgment, designed to dissuade an adversary from a current course of action or contemplated operations. (In constructing an operation plan, a range of options should be presented to effect deterrence. Each option requiring deployment of forces should be a separate force module.)

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detonating cord — (*) A waterproof, flexible fabric tube containing a high explosive designed to transmit the detonation wave.

detonator — (*) A device containing a sensitive explosive intended to produce a detonation wave.

developmental assistance — US Agency for International Development function chartered under chapter one of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, primarily designed to promote economic growth and the equitable distribution of its benefits. (JP 3-08)

deviation — (*) 1. The distance by which a point of impact or burst misses the target. See also circular error probable; delivery error; dispersion error; horizontal error.

2. The angular difference between magnetic and compass headings.

diaphragm stop — See relative aperture.

diapositive — (*) A positive photograph on a transparent medium.

died of wounds received in action — A casualty category applicable to a hostile casualty, other than the victim of a terrorist activity, who dies of wounds or other injuries received in action after having reached a medical treatment facility. Also called DWRIA. See also casualty category.

differential ballistic wind — (*) In bombing, a hypothetical wind equal to the difference in velocity between the ballistic wind and the actual wind at a release altitude.

diffraction loading — (*) The total force which is exerted on the sides of a structure by the advancing shock front of a nuclear explosion.

dip — (*) In naval mine warfare, the amount by which a moored mine is carried beneath its set depth by a current or tidal stream acting on the mine casing and mooring.

diplomatic authorization — (*) Authority for overflight or landing obtained at government-to-government level through diplomatic channels.

diplomatic and/or consular facility — Any Foreign Service establishment maintained by the US Department of State abroad. It may be designated a “mission” or “consular office,” or given a special designation for particular purposes, such as “United States Liaison Office.” A “mission” is designated as an embassy and is maintained in order to conduct normal continuing diplomatic relations between the US Government and other governments. A “consular office” is any consulate general or consulate that may participate in most foreign affairs activities, and varies in size and scope.

dip needle circuit — (*) In naval mine warfare, a mechanism which responds to a change in the magnitude of the vertical component of the total magnetic field.

direct action — Short-duration strikes and other small-scale offensive actions by special operations forces or special operations-capable units to seize, destroy, capture, recover, or inflict damage on designated personnel or materiel. In the conduct of these operations, special operations forces or special operationscapable units may employ raid, ambush, or direct assault tactics; emplace mines and other munitions; conduct standoff attacks by fire from air, ground, or maritime platforms; provide terminal guidance for precision-guided munitions; conduct independent sabotage; and conduct antiship operations. Also called DA. See also

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special operations; special operations forces. (JP 3-05)

direct action fuze — See impact action fuze; proximity fuze; self-destroying fuse; time fuze.

direct air support center — The principal air control agency of the US Marine air command and control system responsible for the direction and control of air operations directly supporting the ground combat element. It processes and coordinates requests for immediate air support and coordinates air missions requiring integration with ground forces and other supporting arms. It normally collocates with the senior fire support coordination center within the ground combat element and is subordinate to the tactical air command center. Also called

DASC. See also Marine air command and control system; tactical air operations center. (JP 3-09.3)

direct air support center (airborne) — An airborne aircraft equipped with the necessary staff personnel, communications, and operations facilities to function as a direct air support center. Also called

DASC-A. See also direct air support center.

directed energy — An umbrella term covering technologies that relate to the production of a beam of concentrated electromagnetic energy or atomic or subatomic particles. Also called DE. See also directed-energy device; directed-energy weapon.

directed-energy device — A system using directed energy primarily for a purpose other than as a weapon. Directed-energy devices may produce effects that could allow the device to be used as a weapon against certain threats; for example, laser rangefinders and designators used against

sensors that are sensitive to light. See also directed energy; directed-energy weapon.

directed-energy protective measures —

That division of directed-energy warfare involving actions taken to protect friendly equipment, facilities, and personnel to ensure friendly effective uses of the electromagnetic spectrum that are threatened by hostile directed-energy weapons and devices.

directed-energy warfare — Military action involving the use of directed-energy weapons, devices, and countermeasures to either cause direct damage or destruction of enemy equipment, facilities, and personnel, or to determine, exploit, reduce, or prevent hostile use of the electromagnetic spectrum through damage, destruction, and disruption. It also includes actions taken to protect friendly equipment, facilities, and personnel and retain friendly use of the electromagnetic spectrum. Also called

DEW. See also directed energy; directed-energy device; directed-energy weapon; electromagnetic spectrum; electronic warfare.

directed-energy weapon — A system using directed energy primarily as a direct means to damage or destroy enemy equipment, facilities, and personnel. See also directed energy; directed-energy device.

direct exchange — A supply method of issuing serviceable materiel in exchange for unserviceable materiel on an item-for-item basis. Also called DX.

direct fire — Gunfire delivered on a target, using the target itself as a point of aim for either the gun or the director.

direct illumination — (*) Illumination provided by direct light from pyrotechnics or searchlights.

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directing staff — See exercise directing staff.

direction — In artillery and naval gunfire support, a term used by a spotter and/or observer in a call for fire to indicate the bearing of the spotting line. See also bearing; call for fire; naval gunfire support; spotter; spotting line. (JP 2-0)

directional gyro indicator — An azimuth gyro with a direct display and means for setting the datum to a specified compass heading.

direction finding — A procedure for obtaining bearings of radio frequency emitters by using a highly directional antenna and a display unit on an intercept receiver or ancillary equipment.

direction of attack — A specific direction or route that the main attack or center of mass of the unit will follow. The unit is restricted, required to attack as indicated, and is not normally allowed to bypass the enemy. The direction of attack is used primarily in counterattacks or to ensure that supporting attacks make maximal contribution to the main attack.

directive — (*) 1. A military communication in which policy is established or a specific action is ordered. 2. A plan issued with a view to putting it into effect when so directed, or in the event that a stated contingency arises. 3. Broadly speaking, any communication which initiates or governs action, conduct, or procedure.

directive authority for logistics —

Combatant commander authority to issue directives to subordinate commanders, including peacetime measures, necessary to ensure the effective execution of approved operation plans. Essential measures include the optimized use or reallocation of available resources and prevention or

elimination of redundant facilities and/or overlapping functions among the Service component commands. See also combatant command (command authority); logistics. (JP 0-2)

direct laying — Laying in which the sights of weapons are aligned directly on the target. Normally used in conjunction with mortars and sometimes artillery. See also lay.

direct liaison authorized — That authority granted by a commander (any level) to a subordinate to directly consult or coordinate an action with a command or agency within or outside of the granting command. Direct liaison authorized is more applicable to planning than operations and always carries with it the requirement of keeping the commander granting direct liaison authorized informed. Direct liaison authorized is a coordination relationship, not an authority through which command may be exercised. Also called

DIRLAUTH. (JP 0-2)

director of mobility forces — Normally a senior officer who is familiar with the area of responsibility or joint operations area and possesses an extensive background in airlift operations. When established, the director of mobility forces serves as the designated agent for all airlift issues in the area of responsibility or joint operations area, and for other duties as directed. The director of mobility forces exercises coordinating authority between the airlift coordination cell, the air mobility element, the Tanker Airlift Control Center, the joint movement center, and the air operations center in order to expedite the resolution of airlift problems. The director of mobility forces may be sourced from the theater’s organizations, United States Transportation Command, or United States Atlantic Command. Also called DIRMOBFOR.

See also airlift coordination cell; air

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mobility element; air operations center; area of responsibility; coordinating authority; joint movement center; joint operations area; tanker airlift control center. (JP 4-01.1)

direct support — A mission requiring a force to support another specific force and authorizing it to answer directly to the supported force’s request for assistance. Also called DS. See also close support; general support; mission; mutual support; support. (JP 3-09.1)

direct support artillery — (*) Artillery whose primary task is to provide fire requested by the supported unit.

direct supporting fire — (*) Fire delivered in support of part of a force, as opposed to general supporting fire which is delivered in support of the force as a whole. See also supporting fire.

direct vendor delivery — A materiel acquisition and distribution method that requires vendor delivery directly to the customer. Also called DVD. See also distribution. (JP 4-09)

disabling fire — The firing of ordnance by ships or aircraft at the steering or propulsion system of a vessel. The intent is to disable with minimum injury to personnel or damage to vessel.

disaffected person — A person who is alienated or estranged from those in authority or lacks loyalty to the government; a state of mind.

disarmament — The reduction of a military establishment to some level set by international agreement. See also arms control; arms control agreement; arms control measure.

disarmed mine — (*) A mine for which the arming procedure has been reversed, rendering the mine inoperative. It is safe to handle and transport and can be rearmed by simple action.

disaster assistance response team — United States Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Office of United States Foreign Disaster Assistance provides this rapidly deployable team in response to international disasters. A disaster assistance response team provides specialists, trained in a variety of disaster relief skills, to assist US embassies and USAID missions with the management of US Government response to disasters. Also called DART.

See also foreign disaster; foreign disaster relief. (JP 3-08)

disaster control — Measures taken before, during, or after hostile action or natural or manmade disasters to reduce the probability of damage, minimize its effects, and initiate recovery. See also area damage control; damage control.

discriminating circuit — (*) That part of the operating circuit of a sea mine which distinguishes between the response of the detecting circuit to the passage of a ship and the response to other disturbances (e.g., influence sweep, countermining, etc.)

disease and nonbattle injury casualty — A person who is not a battle casualty but who is lost to the organization by reason of disease or injury, including persons dying of disease or injury, by reason of being missing where the absence does not appear to be voluntary, or due to enemy action or being interned. Also called DNBI casualty. (JP 4-02)

disembarkation schedule — See debarkation schedule.

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