
- •1.1 They like living in a big city. They don’t like living in a provincial town.
- •1.2 We like playing football on Saturday. We don't like working on Saturday.
- •2.1 It takes me one and half hours to get to the University.
- •2.2 It rains a lot in Moscow in autumn.
- •It does not rain much in Moscow in summer.
- •3.1 Nick is staying in the Hilton hotel. He is not staying in the Radisson hotel.
- •3.2 Vlad is working on the tempus project at the moment.
- •4.1 This week I’m working till 7 o’clock to earn a bit more money.
- •I’m not working till 7 o’clock to substitute for my colleague.
- •4.2 I am writing an essay today.
- •I am not working on my technical project.
- •5.1 My friend has gone on business to Paris.
- •6.1 I have seen Helen in the library this morning.
- •I haven’t seen her in the office this morning.
- •6.2 I have finished my course paper this week.
- •I haven't finished my diploma this week.
- •7.1 We have known each other since University years.
- •7.2 He has lived in our town for twenty years
- •8.1 I have been sitting up for the exam for three days.
- •I haven’t been sitting up for the exam for two days.
- •8.2 I have been reading this book for a week.
- •I haven't been reading this book for a month.
- •1.1 We went fishing a lot last summer.
- •1.2 I had a lot of work last week.
- •I didn't have much free time.
- •2.1 Alex used to go hunting with his friends when he lived in the north.
- •2.2. He used to go to the theatre every month when he lived in London.
- •3.1 I was working with the computer when you phoned.
- •I was gardening when it started raining.
- •I wasn't cleaning house at the time.
- •4.1 My parents were waiting for me when I arrived.
- •4.2 They were listening to music on the bbc3 when the electricity was cut off.
- •5.1 Tom had had lunch before we arrived.
- •5.2 She had passed her final exams before she applied to the University.
- •6.1 They had been playing tennis for half an hour when it started raining.
- •1.1 I’ll get a taxi to get home. I won’t walk home.
- •1.2 I will eat fish. I won’t eat meat.
- •3.1 I will have finished my project by Monday.
- •I won’t have finished my project by Saturday.
- •3.2 We will have reached this far off place by evening.
- •4.1 Next June I will have been working in this company for three years.
- •4.2 I will have been waiting for visa for a month next Monday.
- •I won’t have been waiting for visa for five weeks.
- •1.1 Computers are widely used nowadays.
- •1.2 The new book is sold everywhere.
- •It’s not sold only in one book shop.
- •2.1 He has been told about this by his mother.
- •2.2 He has been offered a job in a foreign company.
- •3.1 The missing children were being looked for everywhere when I arrived.
- •3.2 His car was being cleaned in the garage when he returned.
- •4.1 He will be spoken about with great respect.
- •4.2 They will be provided with al the necessary equipment.
- •1.1 I can speak English fluently.
- •I can’t speak French fluently.
- •1.2 He can play tennis really well.
- •2.1 Tom could swim very well when he was young.
- •I couldn't speak Italian when I lived in France.
- •Indirect questions
8.2 I have been reading this book for a week.
I haven't been reading this book for a month.
a. ………………………………………………….
b. ………………………………………………..
c. …………………………………………………
d. Who……………………………………………
e. What………………………………………
f. What…………………………………………
g. How long………………………………………
h. ………………………………………………………
i. ……………………………………………………….
j. ……………………………………………………..
k. ……………………………………………………….
Attention! There are some irregularities in question tags you should remember.
In sentences with I am, we use aren’t I?
I’m the best student in the class, aren’t I?
With everyone, no one, someone, we use question tags with a plural verb and they.
Everyone is going to be there, aren’t they?
No one wants to come, do they?
In sentences beginning with Let’s, the question tag is shall we?
Let’s talk about it now, shall we?
In other imperative sentences we use will you?
Stop talking, please, will you
See EGU: U52, pp. 104-105
Practice
Translate back into English (sentences from the textbook)
Сколько времени у тебя занимает дорога до университета?
Кем работает твой брат?
Олимпийские игры происходят каждые четыре года.
Джулия способна к языкам. Она хорошо говорит на четырех языках.
Поторопись! Тебя все ждут.
Я думаю, они поругались. Они не разговаривают друг с другом.
Как у тебя с работой? – Моя работа мне не нравится в настоящий момент.
Ник сейчас в Лондоне. Он остановился в отеле Хилтон. Он всегда там останавливается.
Я, кажется, опять потерял ключ. – Вечно ты теряешь ключи!
Обычно я ухожу с работы в 5 часов. Но на этой неделе я работаю до 7 чтобы
заработать немного больше денег.
Этот поезд никогда не опаздывает. Он всегда приходит вовремя.
Летом здесь не много дождей.
Я сейчас живу у друзей, пока я ищу квартиру.
Вы умеете водить машину? – Я сейчас учусь. Меня учит мой приятель.
Как вы думаете, что произойдет?
У тебя такой грустный вид. О чем ты думаешь?
Почему ты на меня так смотришь? – Прекрати!
Наконец, письмо пришло.
Мой коллега уехал во Францию. Он там отдыхает.
Я был в булочной и купил печенье. Давай выпьем чаю.
Где Тина? – Я ее не видел сегодня.
Привет! Я только что из магазина. Я много всего купила.
Как поживает Диана? – Я не знаю, я в последнее время ее не видела.
На этой неделе моя машина сломалась уже второй раз.
Вы раньше катались на лошади? – Нет, я впервые катаюсь верхом.
Вы раньше бывали в Лондоне? – Нет, я впервые в Лондоне.
Это мой друг. Мы знакомы с детства.
Я тебя уже 2 часа жду. Где ты был?
Смотри! Кто-то сломал забор.
Я читаю эту книгу неделю. – Сколько страниц ты прочитал?
Дождь еще идет? – Нет, уже прекратился.
Сколько времени вы изучаете английский?
Мэри работает в Лондоне с января.
Я изучаю испанский язык с декабря.
Ты выглядишь очень усталой. Ты много занимаешься в последнее время?
Снег идет со вчерашнего вечера.
Он мне уже две недели не звонит.
Choose the correct form
Ian (takes/is taking/has taken/has been taking) a shower at the moment, so could you call back in about half an hour?
(Do you ever go/Are you ever going/Have you ever been/Have you ever been going) to Glasgow before?
I (already write/already writing/have already written/have already been writing) to all the local newspapers and TV stations to complain.
(Do you watch/Are you watching/Watched you/Have you been watching) TV for the last four hours? Turn it off immediately!
Erik, (do you usually play/are you usually playing/have you usually played/have you usually been playing) hockey competitively or just for fun?
That’s the first time (I drive/I am driving/I have driven/I have been driving) a car!
Jessica has (already/yet/still/so far) left, I am afraid.
Unfortunately, Simone (doesn’t get/isn’t getting/hasn’t got/hasn’t been getting) a day off very often.
Actually, I (do drink/am drinking/have drunk/have been drinking) a cup of tea first thing every morning, but then I switch to coffee.
Bruce (has knocked/has been knocking/is knocking/knocks) three men out of the competition so far.
Have you finished your test (already/yet/still)? That was quick!
(I never meet/I am never meeting/have never met) Ruth. What is she like?
(I try/I am trying/I have been trying/have tried) to get in touch with Jenny all morning, but I can’t find her anywhere.
She (has been writing/writes/is writing/has written) that essay for hours now and she hasn’t finished yet.
Complete the sentences using the correct form of the verbs in the box.
Be, disagree, do, include, know, look, see, seem, understand |
The City of Omsk
Everyone ___ about the stunning sights to see in Moscow and St. Petersburg. The beautiful city of Omsk, one of the oldest cities in the western Siberia, ___ not so well-known. Unfortunately, the 2700 km journey from Moscow just ___ too far for many travelers to Russia. For those who ____ travel there, however, there are a number of interesting things to see and do. These ____ visiting Tobolskie and Tarskie Gates, which were the first stone buildings in Omsk, the Museum of Local Lore and the modern shops on Lyubinsky Avenue. When you ____ Krestovozdvizhensky Cathedral lit up in the moonlight, you ____ why it’s worth making the effort to come here.
Few historians ____ with Omsk historical importance – it was even the capital of Russia for a short period at the beginning of the 20th century. As travelling across Russia becomes easier, it ____ like Omsk may also have a bright future – as a popular destination for tourists.
Translate into English:
Сколько времени тебе требуется, чтобы добраться до работы?
Я не понимаю это предложение. Что означает это слово?
Чем занимается твоя сестра? – Она врач.
В настоящее время она не работает. Она ищет новую работу.
В каком отеле они остановились? - Они живут в отеле Хилтон.
Ты не видел Элен сегодня? – Видел. Она здесь.
Кажется, я потерял один важный документ. Я нигде не могу его найти.
Мы дружим с детства. Мы вместе учились в школе.
Посмотри, на эти огромные лужи! Очевидно, всю ночь шел дождь, хотя сейчас светит яркое солнце.
У тебя красное лицо. Ты долго загорала сегодня?
Обычно мы летом живем на даче, но этим летом мы там не живем.
Как он водит машину? – Довольно хорошо. Я люблю с ним ездить.
Откуда он? – Он англичанин, но всю жизнь живет в Австрии.
Я устала и ложусь спать. Спокойной ночи. До завтра.
Она сейчас живет у своей сестры и пытается снять квартиру.
Ты хорошо выглядишь. Ты ездил в отпуск?
Ты видел Дэна в последнее время? Как он поживает?
Он выглядит очень усталым. Он готовился к сложному экзамену в последние несколько дней.
Ваш секретарь у себя? – Нет, она ушла в банк и вернется через час.
Вы давно изучаете английский? - Уже три года.
Сейчас наш институт работает над очень интересной проблемой.
В настоящее время я учусь водить машину. Мой друг меня обучает.
Пока мои успехи не велики.
Я никогда не встаю раньше 10и часов утра. Я обычно поздно ложусь спать.
Вечно ты так шумишь утром! Это мне действует на нервы.
Давно ты читаешь эту книгу? – Три недели.
Сколько страниц ты уже прочитал? – 250.
Вы бывали в нашем городе раньше? – Нет, я здесь впервые.
Я часто бываю в кино. Мне это очень нравится.
Я не могу выйти из дома сейчас. Я жду своего приятеля.
Я не могу себе позволить ездить отдыхать за границу каждый год. Я редко бываю за границей.
Зимой в Москве часто идет снег и бывает мороз.
Я не смотрю телевизор. Ты можешь его выключить.
Как давно он в Париже? – Мне кажется, он уже месяц там.
Я не могу тебя больше ждать. Я прождала тебя два часа и сейчас должна уйти.
Могу я поговорить с господином Брауном? – К сожалению, он уехал в отпуск сейчас.
Unit 2
Past time: past simple, past continuous, past perfect, past perfect continuous, would do, used to do, be/get used to doing
Past simple tense
Form:
statement: I/You/We/They traveled Note: learn the past simple of
negative: I/You/We/They/did not / travel irregular verbs
questions: Did I/you/we/they travel
Usage:
Use |
Example |
Single completed actions |
We played a game of chess and Tom won. |
Habits in the past |
Did you collect stamps when you were younger? |
Permanent situations in the past |
Nina worked in a travel agent’s. |
Events in a story |
Simone passed the ball to James, who scored a goal. |
General truths and facts about the past |
Crosswords became popular only in the 1930s. |
Attention! We can also use did in past simple statements for emphasis.
We lost 5-3, but at least we did get into the final.
See EGU, U5, pp.10-11, U12, pp24-25, U13, pp.26-27, U14, pp.28-29
Past continuous tense
Form:
statement: I/He/She/It was driving… You/We/They were driving
negative: I/He/She/It was not driving… You/We/They weren’t driving
question: Was I/he/she/it driving..? Were you/we/they driving..?
Usage:
Use |
Example |
Actions taking place at a particular moment in the past |
Nick was driving to work when the accident happened. |
Temporary situations and actions in the past |
Taxi drivers weren’t stopping at the train station because of the road works. |
Two actions in progress at the same time |
Elsa and her friends were playing Monopoly while we were playing draughts. |
Actions in progress over a period of time in the past |
I was trying to reach my friend on the phone all morning yesterday |
Annoying past habits(usually with always) |
When we were young my brother was always borrowing my toys |
Attention!
When one action in the past interrupts another action in progress, we use the past simple and the past continuous together.
e.g. I was driving on the highway when the police stopped me.
We do not use the past continuous for regular or repeated actions in the past.
e.g. When we were on holiday, we played volleyball every day.
Russian sentences like "Она стояла и смотрела в окно" are translated into English as " She stood looking out of the window"
See EGU, U6, pp.12-13
Past perfect tense
Form: had+ past participle (3rd form of the verb)
statement: I/You/We/They/He/She/It had gone …
negative: I/You/We/They/He/She/It had not gone…
question: Had I/you/we/they/he/she/it gone..?
Usage:
Use |
Example |
Situations and states before the past |
She’d worked at the factory for a few years before she went to University. |
Completed actions before a certain moment in the past |
I’d already bought the computer game when I saw it was cheaper in another shop. |
Completed actions where the result was very important at a certain moment in the past |
We didn’t feel like playing a new game because we had just finished a long game of Monopoly. |
Attention!
Sometimes there is little or no difference in meaning between the past perfect and the past simple.
e.g. We’d lived next to gym for a couple of months before I decided to join.
We lived next to gym for a couple of month before I decided to join.
After we have used the past perfect once, we often then use the past simple instead of continuing to use the past perfect.
e.g. I had already been to France, which was great fun, and I knew I wanted
to come back sometime again.
Such phrases as: It was the first/second/etc. time are followed by the past perfect.
It was the second time I’d been on a plane.
See EGU, 15, pp.30-31
Past perfect continuous tense
Form: had been + present participle
statement: I/You/He/She/It/We/They had been driving…
negative: I/You/He/She/It/We/They hadn’t been driving…
question: Had I/you/he/she/it/we/they been driving…?
Usage :
Use |
Example |
Activities that were in progress up to a certain moment in the past |
When the police stopped him, he had been driving for six hours already. |
Activities that were in progress just before a certain moment in the past (the effects were still felt at the moment) |
I was out of breath because I’d been running to get there in time. |
See EGU, U16, pp.32-33
Used to
Form: used to + bare infinitive
statement: I/You/He/She/It/We/They used to go swimming three times a week.
negative: I/You/He/She/It/We/They didn’t use to go the theatre very often.
I/You/He/She/It/We/They/ never used to be good at Physics.
question: Did I/you/he/she/it/we/they use to play hockey here?
Usage
Use |
Example |
Repeated actions, states, situations in the past which are no longer true |
My mother used to play a lot of squash when she was young. My brother used to be good at football when he was at school. |
Would = Used to
Form: would + bare infinitive (infinitive without to)
Use |
Example |
Past habitual actions, especially for distant past |
When I was very young, my granny would take me to the park to play. |
See EGU, U18, pp.36-37, U36(c), pp.72-73
Attention! To talk about a past state which is no longer true, we can use used to, but
not would.
e.g. We used to have a house that was right next to the park.
Be/get used to doing (not to be confused with used to do)
Form: be/get used to + -ing-form/noun/pronoun
Usage:
Use |
Example |
A situation that is familiar or no longer strange |
It was difficult for me to get up early in the morning, but now I’m used to (doing) it. |
Attention! When we want to speak about the process of becoming familiar with something, we use get used to.
e.g. I’m gradually getting used to studying six days a week
See EGU, U61, pp.122-123.
Question patterns: