Repair of a Fractured Femur in an Iguana1

On October 12, 2009 in the veterinary clinic of Dr. Swails a common iguana was presented for treatment. It was exhibiting palpable evidence² of a fractured right femur.

The iguana was pre-anesthetized, and the skin incision was made. It was extending from the greater trochanter to the patella, directly over the fascia lata. The surgeon was carefully dissecting the muscles, and the fracture segments were exposed. The fracture was repaired with the aid of a wire sutured with chromic catgut.

Postoperative radiographs showed good alignment³ of the fracture segments and proper placement of the wire. By the time⁴ these radiographs were taken, the iguana was moving its legs and exhibiting the corneal reflex.

Four weeks postoperatively the iguana was watched by the doctor. Now it is using the leg, so the bone was healing adequately.

Notes:

1) iguana — (iguana tuberculata) — a large American tropical lizard (ящерица), usually living in trees.

2. evidence — зд. признаки

3. alignment — подгонка, выравнивание по отношению друг к другу

4. by the time — к тому времени, когда

Vocabulary List

Verbs Nouns Adjectives

heal– излечить fracture – перелом proper- правильный

extend – простираться surgeon-хирург preventive – предупре дительный

dissect – разрезать femur - бедро complete - полный

replace – заменять radiograph - рентген

Упражнение 1. Прочтите вопросы и найдите ответы в тексте.

1. What animal was presented for treatment?

2. What evidence was it exhibiting?

3. Was the skin incision made?

4. Where was the incision?

5. What was the surgeon doing with the muscles?

6. How was the fracture repaired?

7. Did the radiograph show good alignment of fracture seg­ments?

8. When was the iguana moving its legs? 9) Was it exhibiting the corneal reflex?

10) What was the condition of the iguana four weeks after the operation?

Упражнение 2. Из данных ниже слов составьте предложения:

1) on, the leg, of, the incision, the surgeon, made, the iguana, by, was.

2. was, the animal, exhibiting, evidence, palpable, a fracture, of.

3. carefully, the muscles, the surgeon, dissecting was.

4. treatment, was, preventive, applied, the veterinarian, by.

5. was, the bone, healing, of, the leg, adequately.

Упражнение 3. Используйте в предложениях формы Continuous действительного залога:

1) The animal (to move) its leg now.

2. By the time the radiograph was taken the iguana (to move) its legs.

3. Tomorrow the surgeon (to operate) the patients from 12 till 4 o'clock.

4. Now the surgeon (to dissect) the muscles.

5. Yesterday between 3 and 5 he (to repair) the fractured bone.

6. The animal (to recover) for about 2 weeks.

Упражнение 4. Используйте в предложениях формы Continuous страдательного залога:

1. Transfusion of blood (to apply) during the operation yesterday.

1. This medicine (to administer) now.

2. These animals (to operate) when we came to the clinic.

3. The evidence of a fracture (to exhibit) now.

B. THE MOBILE CLINIC

One of our former students bought recently an old tourist mini-bus and converted it into a mobile clinic.

There is a new trend in veterinary service now. It is returning to the old house-call style of practice.

The mobile clinic occupies a 24-foot motor home¹ and is the first mobile clinic in our district. The clinic is containing sterile surgical equipment, a complete pharmacy and cages for small animals. The clinic is lacking only an x-ray unit.

The motor home was modified and now meets the needs of a veterinary clinic. The dining table was replaced with an examination table. A special counter was installed and it keeps storage units stationary² while the clinic is moving along bad country roads. The mobile clinic was put into operation as a supplement to the office practice. Older clients were using taxis to bring their pets to the clinic. The cost of a house call by the mobile clinic is about the same as the taxi fee which these clients were paying. And a house call is convenient for these clients, particularly for peasants in the country-side.

The mobile clinic was already operating in December last year. It fits well into the preventive medicine program of safe keeping animals, and the number of new clients is increasing.

1. motor home — автомобиль, оборудованный для жилья

2. it keeps storage units stationary- в нем укреплены все стеклянные сосуды.

Упражнение 1. Прочтите словосочетания и переведите их:

house call, surgical equipment, x-ray unit, examination table, taxi fee, office practice, to meet the needs, to put into operation

Упражнение 2. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:

1) Who had devised this mobile clinic?

2) Is the veterinary practice returning to the house-call style of practice?

3) What is the mobile clinic containing?

4) What is the mobile clinic lacking?

5) Was the motor home modified?

6) What was the dining table replaced with?

7) Were the clients using, taxis to bring their pets to the clinic?

8) When was the mobile clinic operating?

9) Is the number of new clients increasing?

Упражнение 3. Перескажите текст “ The Mobile Clinic”.

Упражнение 4. Переведите на английский следующие предложения:

1. Хирург сейчас делает разрез над переломом.

2. Разрез тянется по всей конечности.

3. Хирург обнажает кость.

4. Ассистент использует нужные хирургические инстру­менты.

5) Профилактическое лечение сейчас применяется в нашей клинике.

Lesson 10 TISSUES

Задание 54. Прослушайте слова и повторите их за преподавателем. По сходству с каким словом в русском языке понятно значение следующих слов:

structure, function, group, individual, to associate, reproduction, epithelial, muscular, nervous, tract, cubical, column, lymph, material, leucocytes, haemoglobin, physiology, cytology, to class, reaction, granule.

Задание 55. Сравните следующие слова с их латинскими эквивалентами:

cell, multicellular, oxygen, vertebrate

Упражнение 1. Прочтите предложения и назовите значения выделенных слов:

1) Lymph is a fluid

а) твердое тело б) газ в) жидкость

2) Blood is a means of transport of oxygen from the lungs to the organs.

а) цель б) средство

3) Epithelial tissue is investigated in our laboratory

а) ткань б) кровь в) лимфа

4) There are four types of tissues: an epithelial tissue, a muscular­ tissue, a nervous tissue and a connective tissue.

а) эпителиальная б) нервная в) мышечная г) соединительная

5) We study functions of leucocytes in our laboratory. Numerous experiments were made last month.

а) многочисленные б) высокие в) средние

Упражнение 2. Прочтите предложения и переведите их на русский язык. Обратите внимание на значение выделенных слов:

1. Every kind of a tissue has a special function.

2. Epithelial tissue covers the body.

3. Connective tissue binds tissues and organs together.

1. Tissues are formed of cells of similar structure, and function.

Упражнение 3. Прослушайте предложение. Запомните значение наречий.

Epithelial tissues cover the body outside and inside.

outside - снаружи inside - изнутри

above - сверху below – снизу

Упражнение 4. Повторите новые слова. Прочтите предложения и найдите русские эквиваленты подчеркнутых слов.

1) to divide = to separate into classes or categories.

Body tissues are divided into epithelial, muscular, nervous and connective.

а) покрываются б) разделяются в) открываются

2) a lining = material that usually covers the inside of the body;

— a lining of a digestive tract — выстилка кишечного тракта.

The inside epithelial covering of the body is called a lining.

3) to discover = to find

Scientists discovered new functions of leucocytes.

4) recent — new, modern recent news — последние новости. --

Переведите словосочетания: recent data, recent opinion, recent events.

Упражнение 5. Прослушайте предложения и повторите их за преподавателем: Напоминаем, что Present Perfect Tense образуется с помощью вспомогательного глагола to have в форме Present Indefinite и причастия II основного глагола. Переведите их:

1) The veterinarian has come.

2) The student has translated the text.

3) The student has started his work.

4) I have read the book.

5) We have seen the sick animal.

6) We have understood the teacher’s explanations.

7) I have had much work this week.

Напоминаем, что форма Present Perfect обычно переводится на русский язык глаголами прошедшего времени.

Например: I have translated.- Я перевел. Не has done.- Он сделал . I have been in Moscow - Я был в Москве.

Упражнение 6. Повторите следующие предложения за преподавателем.

Напоминаем, что Past Perfect Tense образуется с помощью вспомогательного глагола to have в Past Indefinite и причастия II основного глагола. Предлог by с указанием времени переводится

как “к” (к какому-то времени). Переведите предложения:

1. The veterinarian had come by 11 o'clock.

2. I had read the book by the end of the week.

3. The students had started their work by October.

4. We had seen the sick animal before the veterinarian came.

Напоминаем, что форма Past Perfect также переводится на русский язык глаголами прошедшего времени совершенного вида.

Например: Не had translated.- Он перевел. Не had done.- Он сделал.

Упражнение 7. Переведите предложения.

Напоминаем, что Future Perfect Tense образуется с помощью вспомогательного глагола to have в форме Future Perfect и причастия II основного глагола.

1. The veterinarian will have come by 11 o'clock.

2. I shall have read the book by the end of the week.

3. We shall have seen the sick animal before the operation.

Future Perfect переводится на русский язык глаголами будущего времени совершенного вида.

Например: I shall have translated. — Я переведу.

Не will have read. — Он прочтет.

Упражнение 8. Прочтите и переведите предложения на русский язык:

1) The sick animal has recovered.

2) The assistant has already prepared the instruments.

3) The veterinarian has already operated on the dog.

4) Two pigs had shown symptoms of indigestion by the end of the week.

5) The assistant had given water to the sick animal.

6) The assistant started the experiment after the test animal had recovered.

7) The test animal will have recovered by the start of the experiment.

8) The professor will have shown us skin lesions by the start of the lecture.

Упражнение 9. Составьте микродиалоги по следующей модели. Употребите сказуемое в ответе в форме Present Perfect.

Model: Close the window!