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4. Scientific Degrees in Russia and abroad

A scientific degree is a system of qualifications of scientists and educational workers.

In the USA, Great Britain and other countries, which joined the Bologna process, unification of scientific degrees to the three degrees (bachelor, master, PhD) is taken. In Russia the system with two scientific degrees (candidate of science, doctor of science) is used. Candidate of science is conferring by the Scientific Council and is approved by Higher Attestation Commission. Doctor of science degree conferring by presidium of Higher Attestation Commission after petition of Scientific Council. For conferring science degree it is required to prepare a dissertation and defend it at Scientific Council. For conferring Doctor of Science degree it is necessary to have a Candidate of Science degree.

Bachelors and Master’s degrees are qualifications of high school graduate and are not scientific degrees in Russia. People, who have bachelors or master’s degree, are high school graduates.

The analog to the Russian Candidate of Science is a Philosophy Doctor (Ph.D.) in most countries. In some countries Ph.D. is a highest science degree, in other countries there exist higher degrees equivalent to Russian Doctor of Science. That’s why Candidate of Science degree set equal to Philosophy Doctor. However it is not automatic equating, Ph.D. must make notifications procedure for validation of scientific degree in Russia. In 2003 governments of Russia and France accepted the agreement about mutual recognition of Scientific Degree documents. According to this agreement Russian “Candidate of Science” and France “Doctor” are equal. German “Doctor” is equal to Russian “Candidate of Science” and German “Habilitation” is equal to Russian “Doctor of Science” too. The same agreements exist between Russia and other countries.