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4.13 Speak about the Tyumen Region.

UNIT 5 MY NATIVE TOWN

5.1 Pre-text discussion:

1 Do you know how old Tyumen is?

2 When was Tyumen founded?

3 Is it your native town? How long have you been living here?

4 Where is the historical centre of Tyumen?

5 What place in Tyumen do you like more? Why?

5.2 Read through the text to be ready to do the exercises after it.

TYUMEN

1 Tyumen, the first Russian town in Siberia, was founded on July 29, in 1586. It is situated on the banks of the Tura River at the former place of the Tatar settlement Tchingy-Tura. The place on the high bank of the Tura River where the Tyumenka flows into it was chosen by voivodes Vasily Sukin and Ivan Myasnoy. It was a good idea to locate a fortified town where the landscape itself with rivers and deep ravines helped to protect Russian and Tatar settlers against nomad invasions. As the time went on, Tyumen became an essential point on the trade route to Central Asia, Persia and China, the centre of leather manufacturing, craftsmanship and agriculture. Since 1944, the city has been the administrative centre of the largest region in Russia. It is located in a picturesque area. Large tracts of pine forest surround Tyumen. The countryside, with its large lakes and hot springs, provide tourist sites for people to relax.

2 Nowadays Tyumen is a cultural, industrial and educational centre of Western Siberia with highly developed industry. Its plants are well known in Russia and abroad. There are also numerous Research Institutes, Oil and Gas Pipelines and Refineries. The introduction of new technologies and know-how in such branches of economy as wood-processing industry, chemical industry, food industry, textile industry allows Tyumen to be among the leaders on the domestic and foreign markets. Tyumen accounts for nearly 5% of the Region's total output, and most of the freight and passenger traffic passes through it. The industrial development of Tyumen began with the construction of the Trans-Siberian railway that connected the town with European Russia.

3 The four-century history of Tyumen is extremely interesting and instructive; it reflects the fate of Russia. Siberian architecture was strict and simple. About 70 buildings are registered as historical monuments; many of them are decorated with unique wood engraving. The first stone building in Tyumen was Troitsky (Trinity) Monastery erected by the decree of Peter the Great. Znamensky Cathedral is embodiment of Siberian Baroque style. It is still one of the most beautiful and famous churches in Russia. At the end of the 19th century the axis of the town was built up with two-storied brick houses. Many of them still exist in central streets and give us the idea of a typical merchants’ town.

4 A great number of higher educational establishments in Tyumen makes it possible to supply all branches of Regional economy with qualified and educated specialists. The town has three universities, different colleges, Agricultural, Medical, Military Academies, the Institute of Law, the International Institute of Economies and Law, the Institute of Culture and Art. Tyumen State University is the largest in the Region. Its graduates work in diverse branches of economy in our country and abroad.

5 The citizens of Tyumen are proud of their town and its history. The best way to see the town is to start with Historic Square. It’s a historic place because the Regional Museum of Local Studies is situated here. This museum has a rich collection of minerals, flora and fauna of the Tyumen Region. There is a war memorial with the Eternal Flame nearby. The Masharov Mansion Museum is located not far from the Square. There are many libraries, theatres, five magnificent Houses of Culture. Tyumen has the splendid House of National Cultures, situated on the picturesque banks of the Tura River. Our Puppet Theatre is popular all over Russia. The Drama Theatre and the reconstructed Concert Hall, named after Yuri Gulyaev, are in the centre of the city. Tyumen Concert Hall holds annual musical festivals in honour of our citizen, Alexander Alyabyev. Many famous singers and musicians have their concert-tours in Tyumen making cultural entertainment a real holiday for the people. Tyumen has a unique collection of masterpieces in its Picture Gallery. Many permanent exhibitions of Siberian national arts and skills attract tourists’ attention nowadays. There are numerous modern and reconstructed buildings and squares in Tyumen. They are: the International Trade Centre, large department stores and pedestrian boulevard in the very centre of the city. The names of many places in Tyumen eternize the memory of merchant Andrey Tekutyev who built a hospital, a theatre, a library, a church and many other things for the town.

6 The permanent multinational population of Tyumen is over 500 thousand. They work and live hand-in-hand with respect to their mutual historical and national traditions. Most of the Tyumen streets in the historical centre are narrow. Tyumen is a city of banks and supermarkets, a city of crowded streets with traffic jams, a city of students, a city of beautiful flowers in summer and enchanting illumination in winter. The whole city is under construction: old buildings are being restored and many new ones are being built. The citizens like the Sweethearts’ footbridge, new boulevard with fountains and small charming sculptures. Tyumen is both ancient and young, it confidently faces the future.

    1. Combine the words in A and B to form phrases:

A B

1 rush a) building

2 traffic b) life

3 night c) rate

4 cost d) hour

5 crime e) park

6 shopping f) of living

7 high-rise g) jam

8 car h) centre

9 polluted i) street

10 noisy j) air

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