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with conservative views on social welfare, racial, and cultural issues out of the Democratic coalition and into the Republican coalition is one of those (Rohde 1991). However, congressional nomina­tions, like most gubernatorial and state legislative nominations are dominated by primaries and caucuses, where single-issue and ideologically-extreme activists exert considerable influence over candidates' policy stands (Fiorina 1999). Moreover, changes in presidential nominations may invite more policy-oriented activists into party politics and encourage their participation in sub-presidential nomination contests. Policy-oriented activists drawn into a party by presidential nomination politics also may decide to run for office themselves and become policy-oriented local, state, or congressional candidates (Fiorina 1999).

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